The Internet WE Want: Perspectives from the Amazonian Region | IGF 2023 Day 0 Event #185

Knowledge Graph of Debate

Session report

Paloma Lara Castro

The comprehensive analysis underscores a pressing issue affecting indigenous communities – significant digital inequality. This inequality manifests profoundly in the scarce accessibility to the internet, which, when available, is often restricted, prohibitively expensive, and of sub-standard quality. Additionally, these communities encounter further challenges due to a profound lack of digital literacy.

A paramount argument presented stresses the need for more expansive, higher quality, and affordable internet access for these indigenous communities. Enhancing internet accessibility can serve as an integral step towards mitigating societal inequality experienced in these regions, thus contributing towards the actualisation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 10, focusing on Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure, and Reduced Inequality.

Further, the analysis suggests that public policies can play a pivotal role in tackling this pressing issue. Policies promoting an intercultural perspective and fostering technological autonomy within these communities are viewed as highly beneficial. Such strategies not only align with SDGs 16 and 17, endorsing Peace, Justice, Strong Institutions, and Partnerships for the Goals, but also empower these communities to harness ICTs fully.

A noteworthy proposition put forth involves the exploration of alternative models of internet access, with specific emphasis on community networks. The significance of a holistic perspective when formulating connectivity policies is emphasised, aligned with the objectives of SDG 9.

The review also brings to light the crucial role of internet access as a means to basic human rights and community development. This perspective underscores the importance of digital connectivity in enabling local populations to avail of health services, education, public services, and exercise freedom of expression. This assertion aligns with SDGs 4, 3, and 8, promoting Quality Education, Good Health, Well-being, and Decent Work and Economic Growth, reinforcing the argument that effective internet access indeed serves as a pathway to actualising and enhancing human rights and community development.

In conclusion, augmenting the levels of digital connectivity and literacy, encouraging public policies inducing technological autonomy, exploring new models of internet access, and acknowledging the importance of the internet as a route to human rights and community growth collectively underscore the potential means to meeting the needs and accelerating the development of indigenous communities.

Dagmar Tilguth Fundamedios

The current state of internet accessibility in the Amazon is perceived negatively due to its impact on educational disparity and cultural shifts, with high costs and infrastructure shortages being significant obstacles. Currently, internet services are exorbitantly priced, consuming as much as 17% of the national base salary, thereby being out of reach for many citizens. Specifically, in the province of Pastaza, these issues are quite prevalent, with only 41% having access to satellite internet due to the lack of stable electricity sources.

The digital divide’s socio-cultural effects in the region are profound, marked by a noticeable loss of identity among young indigenous people. This is mainly attributed to the sway of social media, which somewhat paradoxically widens the cultural gap whilst enhancing connectivity.

Considering these compounding factors, there is a growing call for state intervention to boost internet access in the Amazon, with the view that it’s a pivotal human right and could catalyse community development. It’s strongly advocated that government policies should aim to bridge the prevailing digital divide by spearheading necessary infrastructure improvements.

There’s a shared sentiment among local residents about the vast benefits of amplified online connectivity. Not only could it bolster local businesses, it is also seen as a crucial tool for familial bonds and community connections. Internet connectivity would also provide a means for organising indigenous leaders, potentially aiding in preserving their identity whilst integrating with the broader society. This call for improvements is underscored by the adults consulted, illustrating a community-wide consensus towards Amazon region’s progress.

In conclusion, a combination of state intervention and infrastructure development could dramatically alter the situation by ensuring universal internet access in the Amazon. Resultingly, this could ease the education disparity, reduce negative cultural shifts and ultimately lead to a more interconnected and empowered Amazonian community.

Ms Paredes

The inadequate internet access in Bolivian Amazon communities significantly hinders the delivery of virtual education. This issue is exacerbated by insufficient equipment, obstructing the successful launch of a virtual education policy. This unfortunate situation negatively impacts the quality of education, hindering the broader pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education, and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.

In contrast, Amazon social organisations are taking proactive measures to address this deficiency by engaging assertively with the state. These groups have even shouldered expenses for community members to travel to government offices to voice their concerns. This illustrates a broader societal commitment to SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions.

Significantly, the communities themselves recognise internet access as a vital instrument to safeguard their rights and shape their identities. For some indigenous communities, the internet has emerged as a powerful platform to develop economic relationships, facilitate self-expression, and construct identities. There have been laudable initiatives such as diffusion of native languages and establishment of organisational groups that defend the communities against threats.

However, the inadequate access to the internet underscores further inequalities, posing a considerable obstacle in achieving the aforementioned SDGs. This starkly highlights the need for significant improvements in internet access in the Bolivian Amazon communities.

In conclusion, an urgent action plan is required to enhance internet access in these communities. Such an initiative would markedly contribute to their development, aligning them closer to the accomplishment of the related Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, the internet provides a critical platform for self-expression, identity building and economic growth, alongside improved educational tools and infrastructure.

Carlos Baca

The review underscores the pivotal role of community networks and local solutions in engendering sustainability and stimulating innovation. It brings attention to significant projects such as Hermes and the National School of Community Networks in Brazil, presenting concrete examples of how localised solutions prove more sustainable due to their direct link with the community’s lifestyle. These solutions, designed to meet the unique requirements of each community, further engender positive sentiment within these areas.

Additionally, the review suggests that synergistic collaborations between various key stakeholders, including the governmental sector and assorted organisations, are pivotal to the process. Technology selection demands comprehensive consideration and strategic partnerships, with the chosen technology needing to directly respond to the distinctive needs and challenges of each territory.

The review also emphasises the significance of capacity building and digital literacy. The argument extends beyond the usage of the internet, venturing into the critical examination of technologies and how they can be utilised to cater to the specific needs of communities.

Moreover, the review delves into the varied interpretation of internet connectivity. Internet access is characterised as a diverse network facilitating myriad connections, rather than a monolithic, universal entity. The right to disconnect is posed as a counterpart to the right to connect, showcasing recognition of digital rights and controlled internet use.

The autonomy of internet connectivity is presented as crucial, particularly in the context of indigenous communities. Noted as varying in internet use, these communities are empowered through autonomy to commandeer their own mode of access and usage.

Further, the important potential technology harbours to maintain and reshape identities within communities is recognised. Engaging conversations transpiring across generations within these communities aim to discover optimal ways to incorporate technology into their lives, consequently preserving their unique identities.

Finally, the review delves into the fascinating aspect of controlling the risks associated with internet connection, referencing community networks. It further highlights how community networks understand that internet connectivity has constraints. Thus acknowledging a balanced approach towards digital rights and responsibilities, including the power to regulate specific network operations, becomes indispensable. The review contends that solutions to the risks associated with internet connectivity aren’t one-size-fits-all, and should instead adapt to the distinct demands of each community.

Camila Leide

The analysis underscores the multifaceted challenges Brazil grapples with concerning internet connectivity. These hurdles are starkly shaped by socio-economic disparities and infrastructural hindrances. Economically deprived and geographically isolated areas, particularly in the northern regions, confront these issues intensely. Internet access here is not only limited but also pricey, exacerbating the inequality. Additionally, the inferior quality of service and reliance on mobile internet spotlight this burgeoning digital divide.

Data caps imposed on mobile internet frequently result in inadequate internet availability for users throughout the month, cultivating heavy dependence on big tech platforms. This reliance raises significant concerns, intensifying economic inequalities through further consolidation of power in the hands of these large corporations.

However, the analysis suggests potential alternatives. Community networks are proposed as a counterweight to the over-reliance on hefty telecom companies. These serve as locally sourced solutions that could address the connectivity needs of underserved communities, signifying a positive stride in the right direction.

Notably, the escalating dependence on connectivity solutions offered by corporations such as Elon Musk’s Starlink has evoked apprehensions. There is disquiet surrounding potential monopolisation by Starlink and issues related to digital sovereignty, primarily owing to vague details about the Brazilian government’s partnership with the company. The environmental impact of satellites further fuels these apprehensions.

Emanating from the community, there is a clearly articulated need for enhanced connectivity and a yearning for a deeper understanding of internet usage. Despite progresses in connectivity, preserving their culture in the digital age, especially with surrounding ‘big centres’, fuels anxiety.

Another potent insight revealed in the analysis is the critique of public consultations by the telecommunications authority. They are perceived as infrequent and biased towards the private sector, advocating for a broader civil society participation. Robust involvement from organisations such as EDEC is emphasised as vital to bringing a much-needed perspective and assuring inclusive decision-making.

The intricacy of delivering optimum internet access is acknowledged as having no “one size fits all” solution. Hence, it is paramount to continue dialogues and conversations on these topics, which will allow for the consideration of the specificities and unique needs of different communities. Such an approach paves the way for advancements in a more tailored and effective manner. This point resonates as a constructive conclusion from the analysis, demonstrating the crucial need for consistent, meaningful engagement on the challenges and potential solutions relevant to internet connectivity in Brazil.

Audience

The discourse is an exploration of the potential establishment of internet connectivity in the Amazon region. Specifically, it delves into the possibility of influential U.S. corporates such as Elon Musk exerting substantial influence over this untouched territory. The argument at the heart of the debate advocates for an alliance at SILAC to serve as a strategic bulwark to prevent this territory’s exploitation by U.S. imperialistic endeavours. The perspective forwarded carries a negative sentiment, rooted in concerns of external entities infringing on the region’s sovereignty.

Concurrently, the discourse underscores the value of considering not merely the aspect of internet connectivity but broadening the sphere of focus to comprise digital technology and community networks. These tools are perceived as crucial catalysts for material and cultural production within communities. Interestingly, the discussion points out that an internet connection is not always required for access to digital culture. This viewpoint carries a positive sentiment, indicating a more contextualised and nuanced comprehension of technological innovation and accessibility, reflecting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, as well as SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.

To provide a more holistic analysis of the communities’ digital needs, the discourse encourages exploring outside the confines of conventional social media alternatives. This approach aims to better grasp the communities’ aspirations and requirements regarding the use of the internet within their own territory. The sentiment here is neutral, yet it is vital in developing a well-rounded strategy that addresses local necessities and respects unique contexts.

A key component of the dialogue is the challenge facing indigenous communities; namely, how to maintain their distinctive cultural identity amidst the proliferation of digital technologies. Their goal is to navigate this multifaceted landscape without conceding the essence of their heritage and customs. This perspective has a positive sentiment, broadening the dialogue to include SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities, and recognising these communities’ right to digital access without sacrificing their cultural distinctiveness.

To conclude, this discourse efficiently interweaves different SDGs, encapsulating industry and innovation, sustainable cities, reduced inequalities, and partnerships for goals. It presents a multifaceted analysis, acknowledging both the complexities of integrating digital technologies into underserved areas and the importance of preserving cultural identities while resisting unwarranted external influences.

Michael Souza

The assembly began with convenors voicing gratitude to participants for attending despite early scheduling and a somewhat challenging registration process. This interactive dialogue aimed to spotlight critical aspects of the project, “Latin America in a Glimpse of Amazonia.”

The speaker panel included Camila Leide, a recognised expert in digital rights from the Brazilian Institute of Consumer Protection (IVEC). A distinguished lawyer and educator, Camila disseminates her understanding of digital rights and consumer law at IDP. Notably, she is also pursuing her Doctorate in competition law at the esteemed University of Sao Paulo.

Equally prominent was Carlos Baca, who brought his expertise in ICT network management to the discussions. A PhD holder from the Autonomous University of Puebla, Carlos has led training programmes on ICT network management in indigenous and rural Latin American communities since 2019. His ventures include a pivotal role in the LockNet initiative by Rizomatica and APC, where he oversees their capacity building area.

The crux of the conversation highlighted the importance of autonomy for indigenous communities, particularly with regard to achieving accurate and independent internet connectivity. This concept encapsulated the sovereign rights of indigenous communities to govern their internet connectivity needs, free of exterior influences.

The dialogue encouraged a vibrant exchange with the audience members, inviting their astute queries and constructive commentary. It offered a range of stimulating responses about the requisites for internet connectivity and the drivers behind it. These responses were diverse, reflecting a variety of perspectives.

The session closed by expressing profound gratitude to attendees. Special acknowledgements were given to Michelle for her effective online moderation, and to the technical team, who ensured the smooth orchestration of the event.

Daniel Ospina Celis

Indigenous communities in the Colombian Amazon are demonstrating a keen interest in obtaining internet access, according to a study led by the researcher, Daniel Ospina Celis. They perceive the internet as a vital tool to access essential services and fulfil their human rights needs, particularly within the realms of healthcare, education and political participation. Given the geographical remoteness of their locations, the internet could potentially act as a vital connection, linking them with healthcare professionals and circumventing access issues caused by distance. Aside from its role in healthcare provision, internet access can also augment their educational opportunities and facilitate their active involvement in state matters.

Despite this enthusiasm, the study also sheds light on concerns within these indigenous communities about the potential cultural impact of internet access. Indigenous leaders voice anxieties that exposure to global cultures via the internet could risk their traditional culture, especially amongst the younger generation. They fear that a widespread adoption of foreign cultures could lead to a detachment from their indigenous roots.

Regardless of these anxieties, the leaders do not outright oppose internet access. They instead propose the initiation of strategies aimed at reinforcing and preserving their indigenous identities. By striking a balance between internet access and measures designed to foster cultural preservation, these communities can potentially sidestep cultural erosion.

This study highlights the pivotal role policymakers could assume in this context. Policymakers are encouraged to strike a balance between promoting the benefits of technological advances and preserving the unique cultural identity of indigenous communities. Initiatives aiming to foster internet connectivity within these communities should ideally be implemented alongside strategies and policies engineered to bolster and safeguard their characteristic identities.

In conclusion, the study suggests that while the promotion of technological advancements, such as internet access, amongst indigenous communities harbours potential benefits, it must be undertaken with due regard for the preservation of cultural heritage. Policymakers, therefore, bear a significant responsibility to ensure these communities can reap the rewards of technological progress while simultaneously respecting and enhancing their cultural heritage. The researcher believes that this balanced approach could contribute to empowering indigenous communities with modern tools whilst simultaneously cherishing and preserving their unique identities.

Speakers