WSIS Forum 2026
Rapport généré par l'IA

Closing Africa’s Connectivity Gap in the Age of AI and E‑Governance

4 intervenants
Résumé

Résumé

La discussion a porté sur les lacunes en matière de connectivité à l'ère de l'IA, en particulier en Afrique et dans l'ensemble du Sud global, et a examiné comment ces lacunes compromettent les droits numériques, l'inclusion et l'accès aux services publics . Thobekile Matimbe a cadré la session autour de données probantes montrant que, malgré les investissements croissants dans les stratégies d'IA, la gouvernance électronique et les services publics numériques, les communautés rurales, les ménages à faibles revenus et les personnes handicapées restent exclues d'un accès réel et significatif . Bridgette Ndlovu a soutenu que l'ampleur de l'exclusion demeure sévère : 2,6 milliards de personnes ne sont toujours pas connectées dans le monde, et plus de la moitié de la population africaine reste hors ligne . Elle a ajouté que la connectivité est également perturbée par des coupures délibérées d'internet, notant que neuf des 29 pays africains évalués en 2025 en avaient mis en œuvre . Ndlovu a également averti que les systèmes d'identité numérique et de protection sociale alimentés par l'IA peuvent aggraver l'exclusion, citant l'exemple de l'Ouganda, où des personnes âgées, et en particulier des femmes âgées, se sont retrouvées dans l'impossibilité d'accéder aux services en raison de systèmes d'identité discriminatoires et excluants . Elle a également mis en évidence les obstacles liés à l'accessibilité financière et aux infrastructures, notamment les coûts élevés des données au Zimbabwe et les problèmes d'infrastructure dans la région de Zamfara Nord au Nigeria . Shumaila H Hussain a indiqué que des problèmes similaires existent en Asie du Sud, soulignant le « coût humain » d'une mauvaise connectivité . S'appuyant sur le cas du Pakistan, elle a décrit comment les pénuries d'électricité et les contraintes liées aux données laissent les populations effectivement coupées, les femmes et les personnes handicapées étant particulièrement exclues . Elle a soutenu que l'IA elle-même n'est pas le problème central ; c'est plutôt le fait que les nouveaux systèmes numériques remplacent les anciens canaux hors ligne au lieu de les compléter, excluant ainsi ceux qui ne peuvent pas utiliser les nouveaux outils . Une grande partie de la discussion a porté sur les Fonds de service universel (FSU), que Ndlovu a décrit comme largement adoptés en principe à travers l'Afrique, mais souvent mal mis en œuvre, non opérationnels ou manquant de transparence . Hussain a suggéré des stratégies complémentaires telles que la réduction de la TVA sur les appareils mobiles, le financement des équipements, l'affectation d'une partie des dépenses des FSU spécifiquement aux femmes et l'obligation légale ou contractuelle de couverture rurale pour les entreprises privées . Dans les recommandations finales, les panélistes ont appelé à des évaluations d'impact sur les droits humains avant l'adoption de systèmes liés à l'IA, à des consultations publiques plus précoces et plus efficaces, et à une meilleure mesure non seulement des infrastructures, mais aussi des préjudices et de la qualité réelle de l'accès . Hussain a ajouté que les indicateurs de connectivité devraient être désagrégés et refléter la vitesse, l'accessibilité financière et l'usage quotidien, tandis que l'électricité, les tours alimentées à l'énergie solaire et des budgets de connectivité dédiés au sein des stratégies nationales d'IA constituent des fondements essentiels . En réponse aux questions du public, Ndlovu a souligné que l'adoption de politiques doit se traduire par une mise en œuvre concrète et que les femmes ont besoin d'un accès direct et indépendant aux appareils et à la connectivité . Dans l'ensemble, le panel a conclu qu'une inclusion significative à l'ère de l'IA nécessite une action coordonnée des gouvernements, des entreprises et de la société civile pour rendre la connectivité abordable, fiable, mesurable et accessible aux groupes mal desservis .

Points clés

- La préoccupation centrale du panel était que l'expansion de l'IA, la gouvernance électronique et les services publics numériques progressent plus vite que la connectivité équitable, laissant les communautés rurales, les ménages à faibles revenus et les personnes handicapées exclus d'un accès réel et significatif. La modératrice a présenté cela comme un fossé numérique qui s'élargit plutôt qu'il ne se rétrécit, malgré les avancées politiques et les engagements mondiaux. - Les intervenants ont mis en évidence l'ampleur et les causes de l'exclusion en matière de connectivité dans le Sud global, en particulier en Afrique : des milliards de personnes restent hors ligne dans le monde, plus de la moitié de l'Afrique est encore déconnectée, et même là où les infrastructures existent, les coupures d'internet, la faiblesse de la couverture, les pannes d'électricité et les coûts élevés des données compromettent l'accès. Les exemples incluaient des coupures au Kenya et en Tanzanie, des lacunes infrastructurelles dans la région de Zamfara Nord au Nigeria, et des données inabordables au Zimbabwe. - La discussion a souligné que les systèmes alimentés par l'IA, en particulier les systèmes d'identité numérique et de protection sociale, peuvent aggraver l'exclusion lorsqu'ils sont déployés sans conception inclusive, sans consultation ni alternatives hors ligne. Bridgette Ndlovu a cité l'Ouganda, où des personnes âgées et des femmes ont été exclues des services par des systèmes d'identité numérique discriminatoires, tandis que Shumaila H Hussain a soutenu que le problème n'est pas l'IA en elle-même, mais le fait que les systèmes numériques remplacent les anciens modes d'accès plutôt que de les compléter, avec de graves conséquences humaines, comme des personnes privées d'aide alimentaire lorsque les systèmes biométriques tombent en panne. - Un point central de la discussion portait sur la faible mise en œuvre et le manque de transparence des Fonds de service universel (FSU) dans les pays africains. Bien que les FSU soient censés étendre la connectivité dans les zones mal desservies, de nombreux pays manquent soit de fonds opérationnels, soit ne divulguent pas les budgets et les progrès, soit souffrent du non-versement des contributions par les opérateurs de télécommunications. Les exemples incluaient des fonds non opérationnels ou inexistants en Éthiopie et en Somalie, des tentatives répétées et infructueuses de mise en place au Soudan, et des défaillances de contribution en RDC. - Le panel a également exploré des solutions et de meilleures pratiques : réduction de la TVA sur les appareils mobiles, financement des équipements, utilisation ciblée des FSU pour les femmes, obligations contractuelles de couverture rurale, meilleure mesure de la connectivité, investissement dans l'électricité et les tours alimentées à l'énergie solaire, et intégration de véritables budgets de connectivité dans les stratégies d'IA. Bridgette a également identifié des exemples relativement plus probants, tels que la transparence de l'Afrique du Sud sur les FSU, les progrès de déploiement en Namibie et l'utilisation par la Tunisie des « zones blanches » pour étendre la couverture.

L'objectif général de la discussion était d'examiner ce que devraient être une connectivité et une participation significatives à l'ère de l'IA, en particulier en Afrique et dans le Sud global au sens large, et de formuler des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes pour rendre l'inclusion numérique réelle pour les communautés mal desservies. Le panel a cherché à relier les résultats de recherche, les expériences vécues et les enseignements politiques à des processus plus larges tels que le SMSI et le Dialogue de l'ONU sur l'IA.

Le ton général était sérieux, axé sur les politiques et orienté vers les solutions. Il a débuté comme un panel formel animé par une modératrice, est devenu plus urgent et critique à mesure que les intervenants décrivaient l'exclusion, les coupures, les pénuries d'électricité et les défaillances des systèmes d'identité numérique, puis a évolué vers un ton constructif et pratique au fur et à mesure que la discussion s'est orientée vers les recommandations, les exemples de meilleures pratiques et l'engagement du public.

Intervenants

- Thobekile Matimbe - Modératrice de la discussion en panel ; Directrice principale des programmes, partenariats et engagements chez Paradigm Initiative. Elle a introduit la session sur la connectivité, l'inclusion numérique et l'IA dans le Sud global. - Shumaila H Hussain - Responsable des politiques et du plaidoyer pour les processus mondiaux de politique internet au Tech Global Institute. Elle a décrit son organisation comme œuvrant à combler les écarts d'équité entre les plateformes technologiques, les gouvernements et les communautés de la majorité mondiale. - Public - Participants du public posant des questions et offrant des réflexions lors de la séance de questions-réponses. - Bridgette Ndlovu - Chargée des partenariats et des engagements chez Paradigm Initiative, basée au Zimbabwe. Elle a présenté les résultats de recherches sur la connectivité, les coupures d'internet, les systèmes d'identité numérique et les fonds de service universel dans les pays africains. L'affiliation et le rôle au sein de Paradigm Initiative sont également confirmés par des sources externes. [S10]

Intervenants supplémentaires : - Aucun identifié.

Intervenants
TM
Thobekile Matimbe
149 wpm · 14 min
BN
Bridgette Ndlovu
133 wpm · 19 min
SH
Shumaila H Hussain
194 wpm · 8 min
A
Audience
148 wpm · 3 min

Le panel a examiné ce que devraient signifier la « connectivité significative » et la participation réelle à l'ère de l'IA, en particulier en Afrique et dans l'ensemble du Sud global. La modératrice Thobekile Matimbe, s'exprimant au nom de Paradigm Initiative, a cadré la session autour d'une contradiction : les gouvernements adoptent rapidement des stratégies d'IA, des services publics numériques, des identités en ligne et des outils de gouvernance électronique, tandis que les communautés rurales, les ménages à faibles revenus et les personnes handicapées restent exclues d'une connectivité fiable et abordable . Elle a indiqué que Paradigm Initiative opère dans plus de 28 pays et que son suivi global révèle un fossé numérique qui se creuse plutôt qu'il ne se réduit . Elle a relié la discussion aux engagements du SMSI et aux discussions mondiales en cours sur l'IA et la connectivité, notamment le Dialogue de l'ONU sur l'IA .

Bridgette Ndlovu a ouvert la discussion de fond en décrivant l'ampleur de la déconnexion. Elle a indiqué que plus de 2,6 milliards de personnes restent non connectées dans le monde et que plus de la moitié de la population africaine est encore hors ligne, ce qui illustre l'étendue de l'exclusion . Elle a souligné que le manque de connectivité ne se résume pas à l'absence d'infrastructures. Même là où les infrastructures existent, les gouvernements peuvent encore compromettre l'accès par des coupures d'internet, qu'elle a identifiées comme un défi majeur dans des pays tels que le Kenya et la Tanzanie . Se référant à la documentation 2025 de Paradigm Initiative couvrant 29 pays africains, elle a indiqué que neuf d'entre eux avaient mis en œuvre des coupures d'internet . Plus tard, Matimbe a renforcé ce point en décrivant les coupures comme une forme de « déconnexion délibérée » qui doit être traitée comme faisant partie du problème de connectivité .

Ndlovu a ensuite établi un lien entre la connectivité et les systèmes d'identité numérique et de services. Elle a indiqué que de nombreux pays africains adoptent des technologies d'identité numérique, qu'elle a décrites comme étant pour la plupart alimentées par l'IA, et a soutenu que ces systèmes peuvent réduire la participation plutôt que l'élargir lorsqu'ils sont discriminatoires ou inaccessibles . Elle a cité l'Ouganda comme exemple où les recherches et les engagements avec les parties prenantes de Paradigm Initiative ont révélé que la mise en œuvre de l'identité numérique avait laissé des personnes âgées, en particulier des femmes âgées, dans l'incapacité d'accéder aux services qu'elles étaient censées recevoir . Elle a averti que des systèmes d'identité numérique excluants peuvent bloquer l'accès aux services essentiels et approfondir la marginalisation des femmes, des personnes âgées et des personnes handicapées . Matimbe a fait écho à cette préoccupation, notant que les gouvernements utilisent de plus en plus des algorithmes dans les systèmes d'identité numérique et de protection sociale, notamment pour l'attribution d'aides, mais que ces systèmes ne peuvent être véritablement inclusifs s'ils sont déployés là où les personnes manquent de connectivité ou d'appareils .

L'accessibilité financière et les déficits d'infrastructure ont constitué un autre volet majeur de l'analyse de Ndlovu. Elle a indiqué que les coûts des données restent très élevés dans de nombreux pays et a utilisé le Zimbabwe pour illustrer ce fardeau : accéder à un forfait de 1,2 mégaoctet pourrait coûter un dollar américain par heure, ce qui est inabordable pour des personnes vivant avec environ 1,65 dollar américain par jour . Elle a soutenu que dans de telles conditions, les gens privilégieront d'autres besoins fondamentaux par rapport à l'accès à internet, même si l'accès à internet devrait être traité comme un droit . Elle a ajouté que de nombreuses communautés rurales restent déconnectées soit parce que les infrastructures sont absentes, soit parce que les services disponibles sont inabordables . À titre d'exemple de problèmes d'infrastructure, elle a mentionné la région de Zamfara Nord au Nigeria, où les difficultés infrastructurelles de 2025 avaient privé de nombreuses personnes d'accès à internet .

Shumaila H Hussain a élargi la discussion avec une perspective sud-asiatique du Pakistan, affirmant que la situation y est « littéralement presque la même » . Elle s'est moins concentrée sur les indicateurs techniques que sur les conséquences humaines d'une mauvaise connectivité . Son exemple portait sur des personnes sinistrées par des inondations auxquelles des repas avaient été refusés lorsque les rations alimentaires gouvernementales dépendaient de systèmes d'identification biométrique qui avaient échoué . Cela a mis en évidence comment les défaillances de connectivité peuvent directement affecter la survie, le bien-être et la dignité .

Hussain a également mis en lumière l'électricité comme enjeu fondamental. S'appuyant sur sa propre expérience lors d'un voyage dans sa ville natale, elle a décrit un rationnement sévère de l'électricité, avec une disponibilité limitée à de courts intervalles, rendant difficile voire impossible la recharge des téléphones . Sans électricité, a-t-elle dit, un téléphone devient « une brique », et sans données il devient inutile même lorsqu'il est chargé . Elle a ajouté que les femmes peuvent être particulièrement désavantagées car elles peuvent avoir encore moins accès aux points de recharge, tandis que les personnes handicapées font face à des obstacles supplémentaires pour utiliser des technologies auxquelles les personnes valides peuvent accéder plus facilement . Matimbe a vivement approuvé ce point, affirmant que l'électricité est un élément essentiel mais souvent négligé de la conversation sur la connectivité, et l'a relié aux remarques formulées précédemment par le Secrétaire général de l'ONU . Hussain a ensuite transformé cela en recommandation pratique en appelant à des tours alimentées à l'énergie solaire et en avertissant que sans électricité « tout le reste est simplement inutile » .

Un autre point central de Hussain était que l'IA n'est pas en elle-même le problème principal. L'exclusion émerge lorsque les nouveaux systèmes numériques remplacent les anciennes voies analogiques au lieu de les compléter . Elle a soutenu que la « nouvelle porte de l'IA » devrait être une porte supplémentaire, et non un remplacement de l'ancienne, car sans solution de repli hors ligne, des groupes entiers de personnes sont exclus . Elle a réitéré plus tard que les systèmes numériques devraient ajouter des canaux d'accès plutôt qu'éliminer les canaux hors ligne existants .

La discussion s'est ensuite orientée vers les Fonds de service universel, que Matimbe a présentés comme un instrument majeur lié au SMSI pouvant contribuer à rendre la connectivité réelle pour les groupes déconnectés . Ndlovu a répondu que la question reste profondément préoccupante à travers l'Afrique, car la plupart des pays ont adopté des FSU sous une forme ou une autre, mais beaucoup ne les mettent pas en œuvre efficacement . Elle a indiqué que ces fonds sont destinés à étendre la connectivité aux zones éloignées et mal desservies, mais que la mise en œuvre est souvent limitée même là où les pays disposent de plans haut débit ou de stratégies de transformation numérique . Elle a identifié le manque d'information publique comme une défaillance majeure de gouvernance : dans certains pays, les gouvernements font peut-être quelque chose avec le fonds, mais les budgets, les rapports d'avancement et les détails de mise en œuvre ne sont pas disponibles en ligne . Cela affaiblit la transparence et la responsabilité .

Pour illustrer ces problèmes, Ndlovu a donné plusieurs exemples de pays. En Angola, elle a indiqué que les signaux faibles, la couverture limitée des tours et les coupures de courant fréquentes restent courants malgré les lois destinées à réduire la fracture numérique . En Éthiopie, elle a dit qu'un cadre avait été créé en 2022, mais qu'il n'existe toujours pas d'information publique sur sa mise en œuvre et que le fonds reste non opérationnel . En Somalie, il n'existe pas de FSU fonctionnel et aucune structure opérationnelle n'a été établie . Elle a indiqué que le Soudan avait créé le fonds en 2003, à nouveau en 2005 et encore en 2018, mais qu'il ne fonctionnait toujours pas correctement . Elle a également noté qu'en République démocratique du Congo, une partie du problème tient au fait que les entreprises de télécommunications n'ont pas effectué leurs contributions obligatoires . Elle a précisé que dans la plupart des pays, les fonds sont alimentés par les contributions des entreprises de télécommunications, de sorte que le non-respect affaiblit directement les efforts d'élargissement de l'accès .

Hussain a complété ce diagnostic par des propositions pratiques. Elle a indiqué que certains pays ont réussi à réduire la TVA sur les appareils, améliorant ainsi la connectivité en abaissant les coûts des équipements, tandis que les pays qui ont augmenté la TVA ont aggravé les obstacles à l'accessibilité financière . Elle a également proposé le financement d'appareils, par exemple le paiement de téléphones en versements échelonnés, pour aider les femmes et les utilisateurs ruraux qui ne peuvent toujours pas se permettre des appareils même après la réduction des taxes . En ce qui concerne les FSU, elle a suggéré qu'une partie du fonds soit explicitement allouée à la connexion des femmes, tout en reconnaissant les problèmes de mise en œuvre plus larges . Elle a également souligné que la couverture réseau reste un problème sérieux, de sorte que la réduction des coûts des appareils seule est insuffisante s'il n'y a pas de signal . Pour cette raison, elle a recommandé de faire de la couverture rurale une obligation légale ou contractuelle liée à l'accès au spectre plutôt que de la laisser à la discrétion des opérateurs .

Alors que le panel se tournait vers les recommandations, Ndlovu a soutenu que les pays devraient commencer par des évaluations d'impact sur les droits humains avant de mettre en œuvre ou d'adopter des technologies intégrant l'IA . Elle a souligné que de nombreux gouvernements déploient des systèmes d'identité numérique et d'autres outils liés à l'IA sans consultation adéquate, et a indiqué que les consultations doivent être efficaces, larges et menées bien avant la mise en œuvre plutôt qu'à l'étape finale . Elle a également relié cela au suivi du SMSI en soutenant que les pays doivent mesurer non seulement les infrastructures et l'adoption de l'IA, mais aussi les préjudices et les impacts découlant de ces technologies . Matimbe a vivement approuvé la nécessité de mesurer, affirmant que « mesurer, mesurer, mesurer » était devenu une préoccupation majeure dans les discussions du SMSI sur la manière d'évaluer les progrès de façon tangible . Elle a cité la Zambie comme exemple où les discussions sur la mise en œuvre semblaient impliquer principalement le gouvernement et les entreprises tandis que les autres parties prenantes étaient laissées dans l'ignorance ou exclues, montrant que le multipartisme reste souvent faible au niveau national .

Hussain a ajouté que les statistiques actuelles sur la connectivité sont trop grossières. Elle a fait remarquer qu'une personne utilisant la 2G peut encore être comptée comme utilisatrice d'internet, ce qui masque si elle est véritablement connectée de manière significative . Selon elle, la mesure devrait inclure la vitesse, la qualité des appareils, l'accessibilité financière et l'utilisation quotidienne, et les données devraient être désagrégées afin que les décideurs puissent voir qui est exclu et comment . Sans ces informations, a-t-elle dit, il est impossible d'élaborer des solutions appropriées . Elle a également soutenu que toute stratégie nationale d'IA sans budget de connectivité n'est qu'un « communiqué de presse » . Elle a relié cela aux FSU en affirmant que les fonds collectés devraient effectivement être utilisés plutôt que laissés inactifs .

En conclusion, Matimbe a directement cité les engagements du document final du SMSI sur le haut débit d'entrée de gamme abordable, le financement mixte, les fonds de service universel, les réseaux communautaires et les installations d'accès public telles que les écoles, les bureaux de poste, les bibliothèques et les hôpitaux . Elle a ensuite posé la question centrale de la mise en œuvre : comment ces engagements peuvent-ils devenir réels pour les communautés plutôt que de rester un texte adopté à Genève ? Sa réponse était que la connectivité ne peut pas être traitée comme une responsabilité uniquement gouvernementale. Les entreprises, les technologues, la société civile et les autres acteurs doivent tous travailler ensemble pour que ce qui est discuté dans les forums mondiaux devienne « une réalité vécue » aux niveaux national et local .

Après ses réflexions de clôture, Matimbe a ouvert le débat aux questions, ce qui a fait émerger deux autres enjeux : des exemples de réussite et la signification de la connectivité des femmes . Un membre du public a demandé des exemples de mise en œuvre réussie des FSU et si des pays avaient amélioré non seulement la couverture mais aussi l'adoption côté demande . En réponse, Ndlovu a indiqué que l'Afrique du Sud s'était classée première parmi les 29 pays évalués et l'a citée comme l'exemple le plus solide de transparence et de reporting sur le FSU . Elle a également mentionné le déploiement de la Phase 1 du FSU de la Namibie en 2025 , ainsi que l'utilisation par la Tunisie des « zones blanches » pour améliorer la connectivité dans des zones précédemment non connectées . Elle a également évoqué la stratégie d'économie numérique du Malawi, qui cherche à améliorer l'environnement fiscal pour les appareils même si les taxes restent prohibitives à l'heure actuelle , et les stratégies nationales du Zimbabwe, qu'elle a décrites comme positives sur le papier mais n'ayant pas changé la réalité restrictive sur le terrain . Ndlovu a également ajouté que les personnes handicapées manquent souvent de technologies d'assistance, et elle a cité la loi zimbabwéenne sur les personnes handicapées, adoptée l'année précédente, comme exemple d'une politique destinée à améliorer l'accès même si la mise en œuvre reste incomplète .

Un autre membre du public a souligné que l'accessibilité financière des appareils, en particulier l'accès aux smartphones dans les zones rurales comme certaines parties de la RDC, doit être traitée comme un enjeu central de la connectivité plutôt que comme une préoccupation secondaire . La même intervention a soutenu que, les femmes et les hommes vivant souvent aux mêmes endroits, les recommandations devraient se concentrer plus précisément sur des obstacles tels que l'alphabétisation et l'accessibilité financière des appareils plutôt que de parler largement de « connecter les femmes » . Matimbe a nuancé ce point en rappelant une autre discussion dans laquelle il avait été dit que les femmes accèdent aux appareils uniquement par l'intermédiaire de leurs conjoints « par procuration », et elle a remis en question si cela devrait être considéré comme de la connectivité, et encore moins comme une connectivité significative . Ndlovu a ensuite expliqué que les femmes sont souvent privées de leurs droits en matière d'accès à la technologie et ne devraient pas avoir à dépendre des appareils de leurs partenaires pour exercer leurs droits en ligne . Hussain a affiné le propos avec l'exemple de résultats d'examens ou d'autres informations critiques arrivant en ligne tandis qu'un partenaire masculin contrôle le téléphone et peut retenir ou supprimer le message . L'échange a suscité une clarification supplémentaire selon laquelle l'accès via l'appareil d'une autre personne ne devrait pas être considéré comme une connectivité significative .

Dans l'ensemble, les intervenants ont largement convenu que l'IA, la gouvernance électronique et les services publics numériques progressent plus vite que l'accès équitable, et que ce décalage creuse l'exclusion plutôt qu'il ne la réduit . Ils ont traité les obstacles à la connectivité comme étant multicouches, incluant les lacunes infrastructurelles, les coûts des données et des appareils, les pénuries d'électricité, la faiblesse de la mise en œuvre, les coupures, le manque de transparence et les systèmes d'identité numérique excluants . Tout au long de la discussion, ils sont revenus sur plusieurs principes pratiques : les systèmes numériques devraient ajouter des canaux d'accès plutôt que de remplacer les canaux analogiques ; les indicateurs devraient refléter une connectivité significative plutôt que nominale ; les stratégies d'IA ont besoin de budgets de connectivité dédiés ; les FSU ont besoin de transparence et d'une utilisation effective ; et la conception des politiques doit être fondée sur les droits, consultative et véritablement multipartite . La discussion s'est terminée sur une note sérieuse mais constructive : l'inclusion à l'ère de l'IA dépendra moins de documents de stratégie ambitieux que de la capacité des gouvernements, des entreprises et de la société civile à rendre la connectivité abordable, fiable et véritablement utilisable pour ceux qui sont actuellement les plus laissés pour compte .

Thobekile Matimbe
in the Age of II is today's conversation this morning. Allow me to start by introducing myself and my fellow panelists. My name is Tobe Hulematimbe, and I work for an organization called Paradigm Initiative, which is an organization that works across the African continent promoting digital rights and digital inclusion. I work for that organization as the senior manager for programs, partnerships, and engagements, and it is my distinct pleasure to be moderating this panel as we unpack what connectivity looks like on the African continent, and not just the African continent, but within the context of the global south. So firstly, I will start by handing over the mic to Shumaila to do herself some justice by introducing herself.
Shumaila H Hussain
Thank you, Tobe. Hi, everyone. My name is Shumaila Shahani. I work with Tech Global Institute as a policy and advocacy lead for global internet policy processes. We are an organization that works to close equity gaps between tech platforms, governments, and communities in the global majority. Thank you.
Thobekile Matimbe
Thank you so much, Shumaila, and welcome to this conversation. Allow me to also go online and introduce or rather pass on the mic to my colleague, Bridget Mdowu. I'll allow you, Bridget, to unmute yourself and introduce yourself to the distinct guests in this room.
Bridgette Ndlovu
Hello, everyone. It's a very good morning to you all. My name is Bridget Mdowu, and I work with Paradigm Initiative as Partnerships and Engagements Officer. I'm based in Zimbabwe, and Paradigm Initiative is an organization that is headquartered in Nigeria, working across the African continent as well as the global south. Happy to be here and delighted to be joining you all.
Thobekile Matimbe
All right. Thank you so much, Bridget, for joining. Thank you for joining as well. To just introduce this session, despite increased interest in artificial intelligence, e -governance, and digital public services across the global south, persistent connectivity gaps exist that we have noted through research, and we are primarily concerned about that. While governments are adopting a plethora of AI strategies and are rolling out online IDs, portals, and e -services, rural communities and low -income households remain at the peripheries of access. Persons with disabilities remain offline on 2G or hindered by high data and device costs. This session's objective, basically, is to draw on evidence from global south actors and looking at their work and also monitoring. Our paradigm initiatives work covering over 28 countries in terms of assessing what connectivity looks like. And what we have witnessed is really, you know, a widening digital divide rather than one that is actually being breached as we continue to review, you know, the successes of the World Summit on Information Society. So we are going to be able to unpack some research findings and also make some critical recommendations and look at it not just from the African perspective, but also within the context of the global south. So with that, allow me to then hand over to our starting panelist, Bridget, to start off the conversation with unpacking what meaningful access or meaningful participation looks like in the era of artificial intelligence. As you know, Bridget, we are hosting this session alongside the UN AI Dialogue that is definitely talking about the vast benefits of AI. But also, what does this mean for our communities on the African continent from your perspectives?
Bridgette Ndlovu
Thanks a lot, Sobegile. So I will start off with situating connectivity across the globe. So at a global level, over 2 .6 billion people still remain unconnected. Within the African continent, at least over half of the population is still offline, which means so many of the people are still not connected and do not have access to the internet. In instances where infrastructure is available in the different countries, there has been challenges around internet shutdowns where governments are implementing internet shutdowns, even when the infrastructure is available. So we'll look at countries like Kenya, for example, that have great infrastructure. However, the challenges remain because year in, year out, we're seeing countries like Kenya beginning to be at the forefront of the internet shutdowns. So we're seeing countries like Kenya beginning to be at the forefront of implementing internet shutdowns, including countries such as Tanzania as well. So throughout our documentation within 2025, where we assessed 29 countries looking at their compliance with the African Commission on Human and People's Rights, declaration on principles of freedom of expression and access to information, we found that at least nine of the countries implemented Internet shutdowns. This really presents as a huge challenge out of those 29 countries. And to further elaborate on issues around digital identities, so many of the countries within the African continent are also beginning to adopt digital identity technologies, and these are mostly powered by AI. And in an era where artificial intelligence is becoming vast and dominating the African space, we're also seeing several challenges with these systems, which are leading really to, to reduce participation and also reduce meaningful access for people. persons with disabilities, as well as the general populace, and particularly women, the elderly, as well in different countries. I'll give an example of Uganda. In our research and throughout our work as Paradigm, we've had engagements with stakeholders where several findings, such as challenges in Uganda, where implementation of digital identity systems has really left out the elderly and limited their access to services. And this then means that they're not able to access any of the services within their country, yet they are expected to be accessing these services. So digital social protection systems, for example, that are also implemented within different countries, also part of the challenges that emerge when we speak of... AI -powered digital identity systems. So throughout these systems, particularly women, elderly women in Uganda have not been able to access services because of discriminatory and discriminatory digital identity systems, as well as exclusionary identity systems. This is really a challenge. And another key issue has been the cost of data in different countries. The cost of data is very expensive. I'll give an example of countries like Zimbabwe, for example, to access data packages of 1 .2 megabytes, you'd have to have one US dollar per hour. So that's really expensive, especially for people that live on at least $1 .65 per day. So that would present as a challenge because at the end of the day, people will not prioritize accessing the internet which is really a right for. them, but they'll prioritize other issues or other needs and demands. So this is really a great challenge in an era of AI. So many of the rural communities still do not have access to the internet, either because the cost is high or infrastructure is not available. In countries like Nigeria, for example, there are regions such as the Zamfara North region where there's been infrastructural challenges due to – there's been infrastructural challenges in 2025, and these infrastructural challenges have led to many of the people in Zamfara North not having access to the internet. I'll hand over to you, Tobegle, at this point.
Thobekile Matimbe
Thank you so much, Bridget, for giving us the context from where you're coming from in terms of your oversight or rather your monitoring of the internet. Thank you. Thank you. you've touched on some of the things that are very pertinent, including the deliberate disconnection. When we're talking about connectivity, we are also having deliberate disconnection in the form of Internet shutdowns that we're seeing on the continent. And you've also touched on key groups that are really left behind, including the elderly and also looking at digital social protection and how that is so much important and depends on connectivity at large. Obviously, looking at AI -powered systems, when we're looking at digital ID systems, when we're looking at even social protection and how it rolls out, sometimes you'll find governments are using algorithms to be able to allocate maybe food aid to specific groups and communities. You'll find that those systems, if they're not rolled out in an environment that is enabling where there's connectivity for all and access to digital devices, then we are actually not making any... steps towards ensuring that we have connectivity. Let me touch on another region. And Shumaila, thanks for joining this conversation. Please unpack. Maybe it could be different, but I know that Global South, we really have the same thread of experiences. So just unpack it for us in terms of, again, what is the environment like when we're looking at connectivity, digital divide, what is the situation on ground?
Shumaila H Hussain
Thank you, Dr. Bakle, and Bridget also for such detailed information and presentation of the research that you've conducted. And as you said, you're right. It's literally almost the same situation. I come from Pakistan, so in South Asia. And I will mainly be repeating the same points. So I would rather talk about, based on the information that we just had, talk about how things look like from a human's perspective. and currently it's not just about I think we have also heard from Bridget just about slower speed it's on oh sorry should I repeat myself? is it okay? thank you so what I meant was I would want to talk about how it looks from a human perspective and it's not just about low speed or a download I'm not able to make or based on my time there's a human cost for it if there are people who are flood affected and government announces food rations and your biometric ID does not work then you are denied a meal so it has very real consequences there further like electricity problems people do not have access to charging points if you do not have electricity which is mainly I come from Karachi by the way but I also have a hometown and I'm from a tribe and in my hometown you get electricity two hours and you don't get it for the next four hours and then you get two hours again. So it's really bad and you can't charge your phones. So whenever I'm visiting there, my phone is a brick because I can't charge it and if I can charge it, I do not have data. And I am without any phone access for a week. So that's how we have to live there. And based on that, I mean, if you're a woman then you do not have access to charging points at all. And in that case, you're excluding groups. If you're disabled, you do not have access to things that people, abled people can have. So there's certain groups that are excluded that way. And what my understanding, the way I see it, is the governments are not, there's nothing wrong with AI connectivity or AI -driven platforms. The problem is not having, the problem is that the new AI door is not an additional door. for people to facilitate, it is replacing the previous door. So if we do not have a fallback of analog systems or offline systems that we had before a new door is being added, we are literally excluding an entire group of people. Thanks.
Thobekile Matimbe
Thank you for unpacking that and touching on something that I also heard again from the UN Secretary General in his opening remarks of the UN AI Dialogue this morning around electricity. And it's something that is really critical to the conversation of connectivity as well. And, you know, touching on your experiences on, you know, electricity rationing and, you know, those kind of experiences, they also perpetuate that kind of, you know, digital divide, especially when we're talking about accessing the Internet, among other things. So, yeah, I think definitely there's a lot that we can reflect on, even as we continue to engage in this conversation around what needs to happen as tangible solutions on the ground, especially as we reflect on, you know, the WSUS outcome document that was adopted at the end of last year, as we map, you know, the implementation going forward. I'll let you pause for a little bit and come back to you, you know, Bridget, because I know that one thing that Paradigm Initiative has been doing is to assess what is happening with universal service funds. And you find that the WSUS outcome document references the utilization of USF, or universal service funds. In some countries, they are called universal service access funds. What's happening around those funds in terms of how they can ensure that connectivity is a lived reality, but not just for those who are always already connected, but also those who are disconnected and would love to also benefit from, you know, being connected.
Bridgette Ndlovu
Thanks a lot Tobegle I think year in year out the issue of the Universal Service Fund is really a concerning issue I think most of the countries within the African continent have adopted the Universal Service Fund and some are implementing the Universal Service Fund while some are not so I'll just speak to some of the examples of what we've seen in the research that we documented in 2025 and this is also a reflection of some of the research that we've gathered throughout the years as we document so I'll give an example of countries like Angola there's countries like Angola within the African region that have regions within their provinces that still have weak signals limited tower coverage and frequent power outages as we've already established and the reason why This is despite that these countries already have laws in place that promote and seek to close the digital divide. So primarily in most of the African countries, the Universal Service Fund is put in place so that it is able to provide and cover remote areas so that everyone has access to the Internet. But still, even with the enactment of policies such as the National Broadband Plan, Digital Transformation Strategy, which is, by the way, a cross -border in different countries, many countries are adopting this kind of policies. But in terms of implementation, we find that there is very limited implementation on ground and also limited information. In some instances, governments are implementing the Universal Service Fund, but information is not available. Yet it should be available for everyone and anyone through their websites. so that we know where it stands as with regard to implementation of USF. So you will find that in countries like in Angola, for example, budget, information on budget, information on progress, like general progress reports on implementation of the USF, this information is not available. And then we have unique countries such as Ethiopia, for example, where the Universal Service Fund, despite being available and a specific framework created in 2022, there's still no information about its implementation. In essence, the USF in Ethiopia is still not operational because there's no formally established Universal Service Access Fund, which is really concerning as well, because. When we look at the landscape within the African continent, the Universal Service Fund is meant to promote access across different regions, whether it be remote areas or urban areas. You will also see countries like Somalia, for example, where there is no universal service access fund at all. It is not functional. It has not yet been established, which is quite different from Ethiopia, where a framework was put in place in 2022, but it's not operational. In Somalia, there is no operational USF at all, which is a very huge concern, at least from what we gathered within our documentation. Somalia is also a unique country within the 29 countries we assessed because, like I said, it has no USF at all. And for us, this is really concerning. And then there's countries like Sudan, for example, where implementation... Implementation is happening at a very slow pace. Sudan implemented, put in place, or should I say established... the Universal Service Fund in 2023, and it never started functioning. In 2020, sorry, 2003, and it never started functioning. And then in 2005, again, it implemented it again, established it again, but it did not function again. And then in 2018. So there's three phases of establishment still without proper implementation, which is also a huge concern across the African continent. But of course, looking broadly at USF, our biggest concern was also the lack of availability of information online, and also the lack of proactive disclosure by the different governments within the African continent. There's also some countries like the DRC, for example, where telecommunications companies have failed to make the necessary and required contributions. So it's not... Not necessarily the government on its end, but also the telecommunications companies not contributing to this fund. We may maybe just to also give background that this fund is raised through contributions by telecommunications companies in almost all the countries within the African continent that we assessed. But when these telecommunications companies do not play their role as well, this leads to infringement of the rights to access to information, rights to access to technology in different areas within the different countries. I'll stop here for now, Tovele, and hand over to you.
Thobekile Matimbe
Thank you so much, Bridget, for taking us through a tour of the African continent and as far as the USF is concerned. And when I get back to you. You do tell us some good practices, because I know we spoke about Sudan, Ethiopia, et cetera, would like to just piggy bank off the country. that are also doing well. But before you do that, I'll turn to you, Shumaila, in terms of your experiences, be it in Pakistan or generally in Asia, any other sort of strategies that are working to ensure that connectivity is a lived reality. What can we learn from that region? And also, what is particularly of concern to you?
Shumaila H Hussain
Thank you, Tuba Clay. Am I audible? Thanks. So I think a few practices, and I would say not just from South Asia, but globally, that I can share and that can be scaled are tax policy, for example. So to remove or to reduce the connectivity gap, I think some countries did reduce VAT on handsets, and that was really helpful compared to other countries who added more VAT. So the connectivity, and obviously the countries that reduced VAT on handsets, improved. Another, for example, could be implementing device financing. So for example, in the United States, we have a lot of companies that are using VAT on handsets. So in that case, although like after VAT devices are cheaper, but some people can still not afford it. So you will have an option to buy it in installments, for example, that helps with connecting women and people from far off or rural areas. There's also about USF, there's this claim and some obviously studies suggest that gender, the distribution of the fund should be according to gender. For example, half of the USF should be used to connect women specifically and the other half could be used to connect for like a general connection. But we do know that USFs are struggling and implementation countrywide is a problem. So these are three very good practices. I do want to also point out that coverage of not just obviously Internet, but also mobile network, et cetera, is a problem. So even if you have handsets and you have from regionally. So you can use VAT or financing. you might not have network. And again, like I mentioned earlier, to be able to use those phones. So some practices also include and I think this would be a good practice would be that private companies accept rural coverage as rent for a spectrum. That is that comes as a duty and that should be put put out as a duty, not an ethical duty, but as a legal obligation or as a contractual obligation, because otherwise we are not able to we will not be able to cover those regions. Thank
Thobekile Matimbe
Thank you so much. You've mentioned apart from the USF as well around tech subsidies for digital devices, enabling access. You've also mentioned as well some of the challenges as well with with the USF and given a broader sort of outlook in terms of how this how this looks. Yeah. So I think we'll just I think, you know, circle back or maybe have a last round as we reflect. You know, recommendation. going forward. I know that we've talked about the role of government, the role of companies. Bridget, start us off with best practices, as I mentioned earlier, and just give us as well some critical recommendations that you think would work going forward. And also, yeah, just basically what can we do in the age of AI when we think about connectivity, especially for the vulnerable or rather underserved groups that you mentioned?
Bridgette Ndlovu
Thanks a lot, Tobigle. So given the challenges that we've outlined, I think one of the key issues when it comes to implementation and when it also comes to WUSIS as well would be that perhaps countries need to start considering implementing human rights impact assessment, conducting human rights impact assessments before even implementing or adopting specific technologies. that integrate AI. More often than not, we see a lot of the countries adopting the different digital identity systems, AI systems, without necessarily engaging or consulting. And when I say consulting, please consider the word effective consultations. So many a times we see most of the countries implementing or conducting consultations right at the end when they are just about to implement or adopt the policies. In actual fact, the consultations should really include everyone, be conducted well ahead of time so that everyone is aware of the policies that are about to be implemented. One other issue that I would like to highlight, especially when we, in the context of AI, in the context of WUSIS conversations, is that we are talking about the digitalization of the digital context of forces action lines as well. I would like to point out that there's also need to begin to measure the impact or measure the work that is going on within the countries. So maybe another key issue would be to consider measuring not just the availability of infrastructure or not just measuring the availability and use of AI technologies within the different countries, but also measuring the impact or harms that result, that
Thobekile Matimbe
Well, thank you so much. And I think measure, measure, measure is one of those things that even was really a big one, especially when we're discussing the outcome document of WSIS. When the outcome document was adopted last year, I think there was a whole process where a whole lot of stakeholders were also talking about the aspect of measuring progress. How do we actually have tangible ways to assess this? And one of the key things we did as Paradigm Initiative, I think, last year was to, you know, do an assessment of how some countries do this. And in one country, particularly in Zambia, we had a conversation with government actors and we said, okay, how are you implementing OSIS, for instance? And the kind of collaboration that was happening was largely between companies and the government, but other stakeholders were left behind. In fact, a lot of actors in the country who were not government or private sector were clueless as to what was happening on the other hand with regards to OSIS or even they had no feedback in terms of what's happening. So I'm touching on your point on consultations and how that's important to ensure that even at national level, different governments also bring everybody to the table as much as we talk about multi -stakeholderism in the context of these global, you know, digital processes. We need to also distill that to country level. And you also mentioned human rights impact assessment. And I know that once that happens... I think one of the key things that will be obvious is that specific or some of the specific AI tools that are deployed might actually perpetuate... digital divides and exclude other communities. So then that would ideally touch on a better way of implementation that ensures no one is left behind. So what are your reflections? What do you have to advise in terms of going forward, how we can continue maybe to measure or to implement better?
Shumaila H Hussain
Thank you. I do, when it comes to measure, I do want to point out that we keep measuring connectivity and the figure, the stats that we currently have also do not include, they're not segregated or desegregated. They are more like, so if somebody has 2G would be considered an internet user, but that's not helpful. So if we want to measure and I'm talking about connectivity specifically, we do have to consider device speed, daily use and even affordability access. So these are very important factors which, and we need desegregated data of connectivity whenever we measure that. I wanted to point that out, and I think that will also be a good recommendation to implement, because if we do not have important information, we will not be able to find solutions. I do, and some recommendations I also made earlier, but I do want to add two more things. We did talk about access and electricity, and so power solar towers is very important. If we do not have electricity, anything else is just useless. This is a very non -fancy recommendation, but we cannot escape that. That has to be at the basis of everything. And I do want to point out that any national AI strategy without connectivity budget is not better. It's just a press release, and those press releases are not helpful. So if people are not connected, like I mentioned earlier, if we are bringing a door, that door better not replace the previous one, but add to it. That would show progress, but that would also not exclude the groups that cannot access the new door currently. So I think we do have... I wanted to point that out, and I think that will also be a good recommendation to implement, because if we do not have important information, we will not be able to find solutions. I do, and some recommendations I also made earlier, but I do want to add two more things. We did talk about access and electricity, and so power solar towers is very important. If we do not have electricity, anything else is just useless. This is a very non -fancy recommendation, but we cannot escape that. That has to be at the basis of everything. And I do want to point out that any national AI strategy without connectivity budget is not better. It's just a press release, and those press releases are not helpful. So if people are not connected, like I mentioned earlier, if we are bringing a door, that door better not replace the previous one, but add to it. That would show progress, but that would also not exclude the groups that cannot access the new door currently. So I think we do have. to consider budgeting in our AI strategies, and that includes that actually means that we use USF funds that we collect, and they should not just be sitting around in our accounts.
Thobekile Matimbe
All right. Thank you so much for taking us through key recommendations, and I like the non -fancy one, too, because I think, like I mentioned earlier, it's one of those very critical discussion points right now when we look at access to electricity and how it touches on access to connectivity. It's very important and definitely a fancy recommendation, I would say. Yeah, but thank you so much for unpacking this, and I'll just close off this conversation and open up maybe to a couple of questions with a reflection from the WSUS outcome document in particular, where the outcome document states that we are committed to achieving entry -level broadband subscription costs that are accessible and affordable. This will require collaboration among all stakeholders and specifically between private and public actors or sectors, including blended finance, as well as the innovative mechanisms, including universal service funds and community networks. We recognize the continued role of public access facilities such as schools, post offices, libraries, hospitals in making access available, including to those in vulnerable situations. I mean, these are very good reflections. My whole point of referencing that is to say, how can we make that a reality? How can we operationalize that together? And one thing that the WSUS outcome document references is a multi -stakeholder approach of different stakeholders coming to the table. So connectivity issues are not just for governments. They're also for the companies, but they're also for diverse stakeholders, your technologists, your civil society actors, so that we are all able to put our hands together and, you know, collaborate and do meaningful work at national level so that what we discuss here in Geneva becomes a lived reality for our communities. Thank you so much panelists for those reflections and for everyone for listening. I'll open it up in case there are a few questions as we take this conversation to an end.
Audience
Thank you very much. Great panel. The question to Bridget, you did mention we have some success story with regard to the use of the universal service provision fund but you didn't really mention those specific cases. We need to celebrate those people doing pretty well and also in mentioning them, is there anyone that has done well in boosting the demand side because there is good coverage when it comes to network coverage but the demand, the uptake in terms of connectivity is a challenge. Thank you.
Thobekile Matimbe
All right. Any other question in the room?
Audience
Yes. Thank you. Yeah, mine is just on The side of the challenges They were presented by I don't know if this is Bridget The one who is online Because he mentioned many challenges And those are challenges That we are surviving But that is also one of the challenges That we are trying to ignore Because actually communication Is among the basic needs And when we normally provide The basic needs Some of Accessories used to come By free and then used to pay For services I mean the devices We don't focus on the devices When we are talking about the challenges Of universal access Let's take an example of a country Like the Democratic Republic of Congo There is some of the areas Where until now The population is not Able to Pay a smartphone And And so on They are supposed to use Technologies And that community is also having the right to communicate. So we need to focus also on the challenges. And some of the industry players are just focused on the challenges, on the devices, but they don't take it as if it is a need that we need to consider when we are discussing issues regarding the connectivity, especially in the rural areas. And I think also in some of the countries which are most affected by the issue of affordability of devices, those are the countries who are providing their own materials for the provision or the manufacturing of these devices. But still those countries are suffering. I think we need to consider those aspects of things. And also when you are talking about challenges, you mentioned about... the issue of connectivity of women. I don't know if women have their specific area which is not covered, where men are not living with them. I think when we are connecting women... we are also connecting men maybe we need to focus on some aspects like the issue of literacy, especially for women, I think we need to be specific on some of the aspects like those ones, because if we say like connectivity of women, that means we don't know what we are looking for women because women are living with men, so we need to focus on some specific aspects so that we may provide recommendations which are so successful thank you so much.
Thobekile Matimbe
that one was a very interesting one and interestingly in the previous session, we were discussing how actually women don't actually have meaningful connectivity because they are accessing devices through their spouses by proxy and I don't know whether we should count that as connectivity or even, never mind meaningful so yes Bridget, let me not attempt to answer any of your questions, but please proceed.
Bridgette Ndlovu
Thanks a lot for the wonderful questions. So I will start by responding to the question around what we can celebrate within the African region. Definitely, there's a lot to celebrate. There's some countries that have done well, some countries that have done well in transparency, again, as well as in transparency with regard to the USF. I'll give a very good example of South Africa. South Africa, amongst the 29 countries that we assessed, came out top. It was number one out of 29 of the countries in terms of our rankings, the different rankings across the 12 indicators. But specifically on the Universal Service Fund, South Africa has been transparent with regard to information availability on the Universal Service Fund. This information is available through their reporting, which they do. And this is what most of the countries do. within the African continent should emulate. Proactive disclosure is a very key issue when it comes to Universal Service Fund, and countries like South Africa have really done well when it comes to transparency around the Universal Service Fund. I'll speak secondly to Namibia as well. Over the years, Namibia has been having huge challenges with implementing the Universal Service Fund or at least officially adopting the Universal Service Fund. But in the year 2025, this took a different turn. Namibia was able to begin Phase 1 of its Universal Service Fund rollout, and at least so far they are doing very well in terms of coverage and giving access to technologies or infrastructure as well as the – – – improving network connectivity within the different regions in Namibia. So those are the two examples that I would like to highlight. A third other example that I will highlight is Tunisia, for example. Tunisia may not be doing very, very well in terms of its Universal Service Fund, but they've created alternatives, which is what governments can also look to. Tunisia has created alternatives such as white zones, what they term white zones, which really target areas that previously did not have connectivity to try and improve connectivity within those areas. This is not to say that they should continue in that trajectory without also improving the Universal Service Fund. They still need to make sure that the Universal Service Fund is up and running and working as it should. Then in response to a question, that came up on taxation and issues around... access to technologies. I will also give an example of countries like Malawi. They're also not doing well in terms of the cost of devices, but they've put in place policies to make sure that at least at some point, they will begin to improve access to technologies in terms of the cost. Malawi has put in place a policy that it calls the digital economy strategy. This digital economy strategy seeks really to improve taxation for devices. This is despite the fact that at the current moment, Malawi still has prohibitive taxes with regards to technology devices. But of course, most things often start with policing, at least with this kind of policy. If countries are able to emulate... and adopt policies that are set to improve access to technologies, this will go a long way. I'll also give an example of countries like Zimbabwe, for example. There is the National Development Strategy, there is the National Broadband Plan. All of these very good policies are meant to improve access to technologies and devices. But what we see on the ground, unfortunately we cannot change what is on the ground at the current moment. Many of the countries have prohibitive taxes and they have taxes that then infringe on the rights of the people because once you do not have access to a device that connects you to the internet, then you cannot enjoy all the other rights that come with the benefit of using the internet. Lastly, I'll then speak to the issue around why I specified women. So I specified women because women are often disenfranchised when it comes to access to technologies. Tobegule did highlight one key issue has been women increasingly accessing technologies through the devices of their partners or people around them, which should not be the case. So everyone, despite that they are a woman, despite that they are a person with a disability, and everyone in general should be able to access the Internet so that they enjoy the rights that come with the use of the Internet. Just to add on to that aspect as well, we increasingly see persons with disabilities in the different countries without access to assistive technologies. Zimbabwe adopted. Pissons. with Disabilities Act last year, seeking to increase access to technology devices and assistive technologies to persons with disabilities. Although this has not really translated fully on the ground, but at least there's initiatives like these policies that are being adopted. So really, adoption of policies is one key aspect that we can take away as a room, but this does not mean it should stop there. It should also translate to actual implementation on the ground. Thank you. Over to you, Tabele.
Thobekile Matimbe
Thank you so much for responding to that and giving us those last reflections from your desk. I'll hand it to you, Shumaila, for your last reflections as we close off this panel, but thank you so much for the great two reflections from the room.
Shumaila H Hussain
Thank you. I mean, we have very less time, so I'll just maybe, because I remember the last question only. So I'll respond to that. I think the issue about women's connectivity, I just want to say that. if my partner has phone access or internet access and I do not, and I have taken a government exam, and the result is supposed to come online on the internet, and my partner does not want me to take it, he might not even tell me that I've been accepted, for example. He might just delete the email. So that does not connect me. So I do not, yes, women live with men, but men live with women too. So because if I have the phone and my partner does not, I don't think my partner would be considered connected. And if you're, for example, if your boss has a phone and you don't, I don't think the office would be considered connected. So I do think, I understand where your thought might have come from, but I do think when you target women, men automatically benefit. Because when women have a phone, I'm sure in that household men definitely have a phone. But if you target men, then it's a long way if you also want to target women. So I think in that case, if you spend half of the USF on targeting women, you're benefiting everybody. Thanks.
Thobekile Matimbe
All right. On that note, if we live together, may we have a fantastic day. Thank you so much for following this conversation. I know, I know. You follow me everywhere. Thank you.
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Because the region lacks an adequate network of copper telecom cables (as fixed telephony landlines or cable TV did not have a significant uptake), Africa’s population has largely relied on mobile devices and networks fo...
UNECA Role in the Internet Ecosystem in Africa | IGF 2023 Open Forum #110
Onika Mwakatumbula Speech speed 166 words per minute Speech length 2291 words ...
East Africa outages highlight Africa's Internet vulnerabilities
Recent damage to undersea cables supplying internet to African countries has heightened concerns about the continent's network vulnerabilities. This marks the third major disruption since the beginning of the year, 2024....
Digital identities: Issues and cases
Low and middle income countries are rolling out sophisticated digital identification systems. Will they be a panacea for social and economic inclusion, or are they another way to control people’s personal information? ...
Internet Governance Forum 2025
This was further illustrated by concerns about "digital colonization" where "the data will be owned by the centralized company" and "the data will run out of your countries, and your people and the country don't own the ...
AI in Action: When technology serves humanity
In many cases, advice arrives too late or never at all. AI-powered services such as FarmerAI and Farmerline's Darli AI attempt to bridge this gap by meeting farmers where they already are, on their phones, using famili...
AI, smart cities, and the surveillance trade-off
The algorithm identifies patterns and extrapolates them into the future. This sounds rational until you consider why those patterns exist in the first place. Neighbourhoods that were historically neglected may show hig...
AI in 2026: Learning to live with powerful systems
This does not mean constant suspicion, but a more informed form of scepticism. Just as society adapted to earlier waves of misinformation, it begins to develop what might be called social antibodies against synthetic dec...
Revitalizing Universal Service Funds to Promote Inclusion | IGF 2023
One proposal is to diversify fund usage, directing them towards initiatives that address specific connectivity gaps, such as connecting women and girls, or supporting internet exchange points and community networks.Jane ...
Approaches Towards Meaningful Connectivity in the Global South
I think there's a lot of great stuff that came from today's conversation. And I think what has just come out is the importance of an enabling environment looking at policy and practice as well looking at people in the pr...
Digital infrastructure and standards in Africa: National priorities and elements of foreign policy
Across Africa, efforts are underway to advance the deployment of digital infrastructures that support meaningful internet connectivity. As the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) explains, meaningful connectivity is ...
WS #225 Bridging the Connectivity Gap for Excluded Communities
Preuves Specific research findings on device affordability across African countries showing the percentage of household income spent on devices Major discussion point Bridging the Connectivity Gap for Excluded Com...
1

The knowledge base supports this framing. WSIS+20 review processes are described as covering digital divides, ICT for development, human rights and links to newer digital governance mechanisms [S89]. It also confirms there was an AI governance dialogue in Geneva in January 2025 focused on inclusive and enabling AI and AI divides [S90].

2

This is broadly consistent with the knowledge base. One source states that 32% of the world population remains unconnected, which implies roughly 2.6 billion people globally are still offline [S26].

3

The knowledge base provides useful nuance. While it does not give the exact offline share, it notes that 82% of Africa’s population had 3G or 4G mobile broadband coverage in 2021, showing that coverage is much higher than actual meaningful use and that offline exclusion is not explained by infrastructure alone [S26].

4

The knowledge base corroborates shutdown-related concerns in both countries. Tanzania is reported to have blocked access to X nationwide amid political unrest [S98]. Kenya is also identified among African countries where authorities disrupted access in 2024, and another source notes Kenya as a member of the Freedom Online Coalition that nonetheless resorted to shutdowns [S99] and [S100].

5

The knowledge base does not confirm Paradigm Initiative’s exact 29-country and nine-country figures, but it does show a severe and growing continental pattern: 15 African countries imposed shutdowns in 2024, with 21 shutdowns recorded across the continent [S99]. This supports the broader point that shutdowns are widespread, even if the precise Paradigm Initiative count is not independently verified here.

6

The knowledge base adds strong support for this interpretation by describing shutdowns as a growing tool used by governments, including democratic states, and by noting their impact on elections, conflict settings and humanitarian access [S99] and [S100].

7

This is directly supported. The knowledge base states that if digital ID programmes are not carefully designed, marginalised groups can be excluded from databases and the services tied to them, deepening existing inequalities [S22].

8

The knowledge base confirms widespread rollout of digital identification systems in low- and middle-income countries, including examples from Kenya and India, but it does not substantiate the specific characterisation that these systems are 'mostly powered by AI' [S22]. A more cautious phrasing would be that digital ID systems are increasingly data-intensive and can enable profiling and automated analysis [S22].

9

The knowledge base supports the general risk. It explains that those without identification may be unable to access banking and other services, and that flawed digital registries can exclude marginalised populations from consequential services [S22]. It also notes wider digital exclusion risks for vulnerable groups, including persons with disabilities, in government digitalisation efforts [S21].

10

This is supported by multiple sources. Research ICT Africa findings in the knowledge base note that users often lose connectivity mid-month because of high data costs [S10]. Other material on gender digital divides in Africa also identifies affordability, especially handset and access costs, as a principal barrier to internet use [S48].

The WSIS welcome Part II: and now for the Shakers! — The adaptability of the WSIS Action Lines was acknowledged for matching the pace of rapid technological changes, supported by the Internet Governance Forum's role in wider digital governance issues.This high-level discus...
Sheba Mohammid — Sheba Mohammid
IN CONVERSATION WITH BIRAME SOCK Table of contents Knowledge Graphe of Debate Rapport de session Intervenants Disclaimer: This is not an official record of the UNCTAD eWeek session. The DiploAI system automatica...
Thato Morokong — Ms Thato Morokong is an assistant director within the Africa Multilateral Cooperation Directorate of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) in South Africa. She contributes to the coordination of South Africa’s p...
Measuring Gender Digital Inequality in the Global South — Tamara Dancheva Speech speed 180 words per minute Speech length 877 words ...
European Broadcasting Union — Capacity development Most of the EBU’s activities are aimed at increasing the capacity of its members to address challenges and embrace opportunities brought about by the digital age. To that end, through its Digital T...
EQUAL Global Partnership Research Coalition Annual Meeting | IGF 2023 — Is there any summary from Audience: their discussions? Yeah maybe I can just briefly summarize so thanks to the great tech team we were able to like solve our issues and communicate with each other but...
IN CONVERSATION WITH BIRAME SOCK — She shared the stress of maintaining her established standards while starting from zero. Topics: Entrepreneurship, Business Startups Birame N. Sock is working on B2B marketplace for quality made in Africa produc...
Approaches Towards Meaningful Connectivity in the Global South — So this panel will be able to unpack some of the challenges, some of the gaps, and be able to maybe hopefully come up with some critical recommendations going forward with regards to promoting meaningful connectivity, at...
Brigid Starkey — Brigid Starkey
Africa – In the AI era — 'Africa's data infrastructure needs to be more developed. The entire continent has fewer data farms than the Netherlands, a stark indicator of the digital divide.' In this article, Dr Jovan Kurbalija looks at Africa's ...
Thinking Big on Digital Inclusion — She notes that while they have financed mobile and telecommunications, her question now is focused on governments seeking digital infrastructure funding. Topics: Digitalization, Government Funding, Infrastructure Dev...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — The scenario reveals an increasing divide when it comes to the ownership of and access to data. Tackling this “data divide” is important to bridging the digital divide. However, discussions on the digital divide under t...
Multistakeholderism and Internet governance in Cameroon — The same actors will not have the same impact or mastery in all spheres, so it is important to understand, integrate and harness this factor to promote national development objectives where different actors could work th...
From Principles to Practice: Operationalizing Multistakeholder Governance — Preuves References research by Paradigm Initiative in collaboration with GNI and GPD, specifically consultations in Zambia that revealed disconnect between government global activities and local knowledge Major disc...
Internet and Development: A Reality-Check — This post was originally published at the Huffington Post blog channel. By Constance Bommelaer de Leusse and Tereza Horejsova How can we create a more inclusive Internet? What are the practical steps we can take to exp...
WS #225 Bridging the Connectivity Gap for Excluded Communities — Is it 40% of the unconnected? What percentage of that is women and what percentage is rural? Women are also not a monolithic group. So really getting into all those intersections of how we are connecting people is really...
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review — In 2016, the French DPA fined Google €100 000 for refusing to delist sensitive information from Internet search results globally upon request, but in an appeal to France’s supreme administrative court, the company argued...
Internet blackouts and their impact on IG and ICT policy — 3. IGF: reaching out The Internet blackouts have not affected the people living in the affected regions, who used the Internet to voice their dissatisfaction and frustration, but the rest of the world. Everyone else has ...
HLPF 2020: Leaving the digital behind? — Austria, which has incorporated digitalisation as one of its three focus areas, launched the ‘fit4Internet’ initiative that aims to leave no one in the digital age behind, whereas Bangladesh has undertaken measures to ma...
Digital identities: Issues and cases — Low and middle income countries are rolling out sophisticated digital identification systems. Will they be a panacea for social and economic inclusion, or are they another way to control people’s personal information? ...
DC-Gender Disability, Gender, and Digital Self-Determination | IGF 2023 — Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore how individuals can exercise control over their digital identities and have autonomy over their digital selves. By unpacking digital self-determination through the lens of th...
Rights of persons with disabilities — There are approximately 1 billion people around the world, or 15% of the world's population, who experience some form of disability. There are several factors that contribute to the increase of this number, including: h...
‘The poorer the country, the higher the cost’ – webinar host — The cost for Internet access differs significantly from one country to another. Take for instance the price for 1Mbps: it can cost $250 in Togo (TogoTelecom), and $445 in Niger (Orange Niger), but it can cost only $25 fo...
Status of internet access and connectivity in Africa — And there is also the issue of affordability: a monthly residential subscription to Starlink could go up to USD$100, which is more often than not a prohibitive cost. Across Africa, barriers to access are not only rela...
[Webinar] Cable connections and the cost of Internet access — Our July webinar is coming up! Join us next Tuesday, 31st July, at 13:00 GMT, to discuss a much-awaited topic: cable connections and the cost of Internet access. [Update] Scroll down to the section 'Also of Interest' bel...
Access of ICT benefits for underserved rural communities in developing countries: A case study from Nepal — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IGCBP2010_2011_Poudel.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/page_1-4.jpg
Beyond the hype of the race for 5G — The resulting excess costs could be put to much better use in product development and tackling the digital divide. An even more considerable risk for the long-term future of the internet is a fragmentation of the interne...
Information and communication technology for African livelihood — In 2019, the International Telecommunication Union’s (ITU) Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) published the report Measuring digital development. The report presented several important facts and figures, includin...
Digital infrastructure and standards in Africa: National priorities and elements of foreign policy — Across Africa, efforts are underway to advance the deployment of digital infrastructures that support meaningful internet connectivity. As the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) explains, meaningful connectivity is ...
Effectiveness of multistakeholderism: the Kenya ICT Review 2016 — Under all categories, respondents raised concern over the lack of a data protection and privacy framework yet there was increased surveillance. A golden thread connecting many of the recommendations was a desire to see m...
The year of AI clarity: 10 AI Forecasts for 2025 — China: China has implemented strict regulations requiring platforms to label AI-generated content, especially deepfakes, and to obtain consent from individuals before using their likenesses. Which practices do social ...
Unpacking the High-Level Panel’s Rapport on Digital Cooperation: Geneva policy experts propose action plan — The Panel’s five main recommendations Introducing the main recommendations, Amb. Amandeep Singh Gill and Dr Jovan Kurblija, Executive Co-Directors of the Panel’s Secretariat, explained that the report provides a basis fo...
What policy levers can bridge the AI divide? What policy levers can bridge the AI divide? Rapport de session Intervenants Graphe de connaissances Analyse approfondie Session at a gl...
Digital inclusion by design: Leveraging existing infrastructure to leave no one behind — Co-organisers & host The event is co-organised by the Universal Postal Union (UPU), Giga, and DiploFoundation. It is hosted by the Giga Connectivity Centre in Geneva. AI Agents These AI agents are...
UNECA Role in the Internet Ecosystem in Africa | IGF 2023 Open Forum #110 — Onika Mwakatumbula Speech speed 166 words per minute Speech length 2291 words ...
Internet Governance Forum 2025 — This was further illustrated by concerns about "digital colonization" where "the data will be owned by the centralized company" and "the data will run out of your countries, and your people and the country don't own the ...
Creating digital public infrastructure that empowers people | IGF 2023 Open Forum #168 — Shared experiences reveal challenges in terms of costs for SMS systems and infrastructure development when handing over systems to the government. It is important for the government to try out systems before making purch...
Revitalizing Universal Service Funds to Promote Inclusion | IGF 2023 — One proposal is to diversify fund usage, directing them towards initiatives that address specific connectivity gaps, such as connecting women and girls, or supporting internet exchange points and community networks.Jane ...
Stronger digital voices from Africa: Building African digital foreign policy and diplomacy — African countries joined other developing nations in the Group of 77 in putting forward a proposal for a UN resolution (adopted in December 2021), which ‘recognises the importance of the consideration of international ta...
Data Ethics & Governance: Towards UK Net Zero 2050 — associated with smart meters could also be applicable to EVs when charged at home There are risks associated with public charging as well Charging facilities in addition to vehicle and battery metadata collect financial ...
Status of internet access and connectivity in Africa — Because the region lacks an adequate network of copper telecom cables (as fixed telephony landlines or cable TV did not have a significant uptake), Africa’s population has largely relied on mobile devices and networks fo...
Effectiveness of multistakeholderism: the Kenya ICT Review 2016 — Collective decision making is not alien to African culture. In many traditional societies, decisions were made by a council after listening to the views of different age groups and other societal groupings. In Kenya for ...
Nri Collaborative Session Community Based Connectivity to Achieve Digitally Inclusive Societies — academia, and private sector are essential for sustainable digital transformation Multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential, with all parties being partners rather than pointing fingers NRIs should bring di...
Inclusive Internet Governance — https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/MultistakeholderDiplomacy_Part3.pdf https://www.diplomacy.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/page_1-2-1.jpg
All hands on deck to connect the next billions | IGF 2023 WS #198 — Supporters of the Global Digital Inclusion Partnership advocate for a policy approach to tackle these issues. They emphasize the need to raise standards of affordability and speed, invest in digital skills, and promote p...
Gender equality in Africa: Priorities, policies, and initiatives — Among other things, it urges member states to ‘promote research and investment in new and renewable energy sources and appropriate technologies, including information technologies and facilitate women’s access to, and pa...
Women's rights online: Translating access into empowerment — This study is based on a survey of thousands of poor urban men and women across nine developing countries and found that while nearly all women and men own a phone, women are still nearly 50% less likely to access the In...
WS #225 Gender inequality in meaningful access in the Global South — This investment is seen as crucial for understanding and addressing digital gender gaps. Point majeur de discussion Policy implications and recommendations R Relebohile Mariti Speech speed 0 words per min...
Access to the Internet is a Human Right — 60% of the world's population is not online. Michael Moller, Acting Director General of UNOG, was the first to raise the issue during his opening remarks at the launch of the Geneva Internet Platform (GIP) on 8th April. ...
The year of AI clarity: 10 AI Forecasts for 2025 — China: China has implemented strict regulations requiring platforms to label AI-generated content, especially deepfakes, and to obtain consent from individuals before using their likenesses. Which practices do social ...
Top digital policy developments in 2019: A year in review — If security and privacy considerations are properly addressed these developments hold considerable promise. World Bank’s ID4D initiative The World Bank’s Identification for Development (ID4D) initiative is helping cou...
Digital inclusion by design: Leveraging existing infrastructure to leave no one behind — Co-organisers & host The event is co-organised by the Universal Postal Union (UPU), Giga, and DiploFoundation. It is hosted by the Giga Connectivity Centre in Geneva. AI Agents These AI agents are...
Revitalizing Universal Service Funds to Promote Inclusion | IGF 2023 — Originally intended to subsidise fixed fiber networks, these funds have had mixed implementation and impact. While some have been well-administered, others have been misused for purposes unrelated to network expansion, l...
Unpacking the High-Level Panel’s Rapport on Digital Cooperation: Geneva policy experts propose action plan — The Panel’s five main recommendations Introducing the main recommendations, Amb. Amandeep Singh Gill and Dr Jovan Kurblija, Executive Co-Directors of the Panel’s Secretariat, explained that the report provides a basis fo...
Ensuring user-centred privacy in a connected world — A business-dominated session at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona (2-5 March) covered the issue of user-centred privacy. Since the introduction of the smartphone, many things have changed… But laws have not kept up ...
Webinar digest: Exploring the potential of mobile broadband technology — Mobile broadband technology is evolving at a fast pace, and 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) is set to become the dominant technology. In North America, mobile network operator Verizon Wireless launched the first large-scale...
Launch / Award Event #223 Affordable Access for Education and Health Aa4edu — private sector and academia is essential Résumé Multiple intervenants agreed that providing connectivity infrastructure alone is insufficient; digital literacy training and capacity building across all stakeholder groups i...
Connecting the dots and (finally) understanding international security — Women are even more negatively impacted by the lack of infrastructure, connectivity, and digital skills. There is still a long way to go before we reach global connectivity, despite internet advancements brought about by...
WS #479 Gender Mainstreaming in Digital Connectivity Strategies — Major discussion point Solutions and Recommendations Topics Legal and regulatory | Development | Gender rights online Accord avec - Waqas Hassan Accord on Economic imperative of gender inclusion in digital ...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — 2.6 E-commerce and Closing the Gender Gap in Trade: Toward gender-inclusive e-commerce As mentioned above, new business models are emerging due to the fast digitalization of the economy and the rise of e-commerce. Some o...
IGF 2016 - Dynamic coalition on connecting the unconnected — Digital literacy and connectivity help people in their daily lives. It is important to work with local government and make them understand needs, and how technology advances communities. Having prescriptive regulation ma...
Rethinking governance: The West vs Confucius — How the theory of ‘good governance’ failed in practice Twenty years ago, ‘good governance’ became the buzz-word among theoreticians of economic development. The assumption was that, once in place, good government would...
Day 0 Event #119 Roam X Driving WSIS Implementation and Digital Cooperation — The combination of theoretical framework and practical implementation experiences from Brazil, Fiji, and Kenya provided concrete evidence of both the framework's utility and persistent challenges in digital governance. T...
Meaningful Youth Engagement in Policy and Decision-making Processes | Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 3 — Kigali, 2022) of the World Telecommunication Development Conference.PROGRAMME OF ACTIONOF THE INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ONPOPULATION ANDDEVELOPMENTHigh-Level Commissionon the NairobiSummitProvides high-level leadership and...
Investment policy framework for sustainable development — 50 3. IMPLEMENTATION AND INSTITUTIONAL NATIONAL INVESTMENT POLICY GUIDANCE MECHANISMS FOR POLICY EFFECTIVE...
The year of AI clarity: 10 AI Forecasts for 2025 — China: China has implemented strict regulations requiring platforms to label AI-generated content, especially deepfakes, and to obtain consent from individuals before using their likenesses. Which practices do social ...
Addressing the Digital Divide in the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce: from enabling issues to data and source code provisions — The scenario reveals an increasing divide when it comes to the ownership of and access to data. Tackling this “data divide” is important to bridging the digital divide. However, discussions on the digital divide under t...
HLPF 2020: Leaving the digital behind? — Austria, which has incorporated digitalisation as one of its three focus areas, launched the ‘fit4Internet’ initiative that aims to leave no one in the digital age behind, whereas Bangladesh has undertaken measures to ma...
WS #204 Closing Digital Divides by Universal Access Acceptance — And there was a question in the chat about the coders who kind of build this stuff. And I had, I attended a meeting not too long ago with computer, like a year ago with computer scientists who were talking about digital ...
Status of internet access and connectivity in Africa — Because the region lacks an adequate network of copper telecom cables (as fixed telephony landlines or cable TV did not have a significant uptake), Africa’s population has largely relied on mobile devices and networks fo...
UNECA Role in the Internet Ecosystem in Africa | IGF 2023 Open Forum #110 — Onika Mwakatumbula Speech speed 166 words per minute Speech length 2291 words ...
East Africa outages highlight Africa's Internet vulnerabilities — Recent damage to undersea cables supplying internet to African countries has heightened concerns about the continent's network vulnerabilities. This marks the third major disruption since the beginning of the year, 2024....
Digital identities: Issues and cases — Low and middle income countries are rolling out sophisticated digital identification systems. Will they be a panacea for social and economic inclusion, or are they another way to control people’s personal information? ...
Internet Governance Forum 2025 — This was further illustrated by concerns about "digital colonization" where "the data will be owned by the centralized company" and "the data will run out of your countries, and your people and the country don't own the ...
AI in Action: When technology serves humanity — In many cases, advice arrives too late or never at all. AI-powered services such as FarmerAI and Farmerline's Darli AI attempt to bridge this gap by meeting farmers where they already are, on their phones, using famili...
AI, smart cities, and the surveillance trade-off — The algorithm identifies patterns and extrapolates them into the future. This sounds rational until you consider why those patterns exist in the first place. Neighbourhoods that were historically neglected may show hig...
AI in 2026: Learning to live with powerful systems — This does not mean constant suspicion, but a more informed form of scepticism. Just as society adapted to earlier waves of misinformation, it begins to develop what might be called social antibodies against synthetic dec...
Revitalizing Universal Service Funds to Promote Inclusion | IGF 2023 — One proposal is to diversify fund usage, directing them towards initiatives that address specific connectivity gaps, such as connecting women and girls, or supporting internet exchange points and community networks.Jane ...
Approaches Towards Meaningful Connectivity in the Global South — I think there's a lot of great stuff that came from today's conversation. And I think what has just come out is the importance of an enabling environment looking at policy and practice as well looking at people in the pr...
Digital infrastructure and standards in Africa: National priorities and elements of foreign policy — Across Africa, efforts are underway to advance the deployment of digital infrastructures that support meaningful internet connectivity. As the Alliance for Affordable Internet (A4AI) explains, meaningful connectivity is ...
WS #225 Bridging the Connectivity Gap for Excluded Communities — Preuves Specific research findings on device affordability across African countries showing the percentage of household income spent on devices Major discussion point Bridging the Connectivity Gap for Excluded Com...
WS #214 AI Readiness in Africa in a Shifting Geopolitical Landscape — The potential for AI to reach indigenous people in rural areas and educate them in their own languages represents a transformative opportunity.

Economic Development and Innovation #

Redefining Success Metrics ...

AI for Good Global Summit — And you can make your own judgment where things stand in that regard. Let me give you a second example, much earlier, a dialogue where I worked in UNIT for two years on the national dialogue, where we had really a kind o...
African priorities for the Global Digital Compact — ⏰ 16:00–17:30 EAT / 15:00–16:30 CEST / 13:00-14:30 UTC In 2022 the idea of a Global Digital Compact was floated by the UN with the intention of developing shared principles for a secure digital future – a future in whi...
Pan African digital rights bodies laud Kenya Government’s decision not to shut down the internet – Paradigm Initiative — With elections set for 9th August 2022, the Kenya government's decision not to shut down the internet has been lauded by digital rights and inclusion organizations on the continent in a press release. While encouraging ...
Tech attache briefing: AI, WSIS, and IGF in Focus — The event is part of a series of regular briefings the Geneva Internet Platform (GIP) is delivering for diplomats at permanent missions and delegations in Geneva following digital policy issues. It is an invitation-only ...
Tech attache briefing: WSIS+20 zero draft and AI capacity building — The event is part of a series of regular briefings the Geneva Internet Platform (GIP) is delivering for diplomats at permanent missions and delegations in Geneva following digital policy issues. It is an invitation-only ...
Global AI governance: Reflecting on 2024 and shaping the path for 2025 — On 9 January 2025, DiploFoundation, in collaboration with the Permanent Missions of China, France, Kenya, Mexico, Pakistan, Switzerland, and the United States to the United Nations in Geneva – as co-sponsors – hosted an ...
WSIS Forum 2017: Résumé of Day 4 — Digital divide, cybersecurity, human rights, the digital economy, and new technologies were among the main digital policy issues discussed during day 4 at WSIS Forum 2017. As was the case on the previous days, the role o...
Build a legacy for future generations, connect bridges: some suggestions for future action — People are key, he said, but this is not enough. Nnenna Nwakanma, Africa Regional Coordinator, World Wide Web Foundation, brought up the case of Ethiopia in which 90% of the population still has no Internet access. There...
5th 'Road to Bern via Geneva' dialogue: On data and Tech4Good — She stated that efforts should be made to bridge these gaps. For achieving the SDGs, the ‘business-as-usual’ approach and relying on existing solutions is not sufficient. Simply delivering technologies available in devel...
Bridging the digital divide — As part of the Commonwealth Peoples Forum, at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, Diplo held a discussion panel targeted at decision makers from countries with limited financial and human resources. The discuss...
More than 3.2 billion people worldwide will have Internet access in 2016 — The International Data Corporation has estimated that Internet access will be available to 3.2 billion people, or 44% of the world's population. Of this number, 2 billion will be using mobile Internet. User growth is big...
WS #231 Address Digital Funding Gaps in the Developing World — Neeti Biyani: Thank you. Diya? Sabhanaz Rashid Diya: I guess I get the last word, but unless Maarten wants to come in. You know, one of the things I always take a lot of inspiration from is I come from the traditional ...
Tanzania allegedly blocks access to X amid political unrest — NetBlocks reports that major Internet Service Providers in Tanzania, including Airtel, Vodacom, Halotel, Tigo, and TTCL, have blocked access to X (formerly Twitter), making the platform inaccessible nationwide. Restricti...
Internet shutdowns surge in Africa despite human rights concerns — Governments across Africa imposed a record number of internet shutdowns in 2024, according to a report by Access Now and the #KeepItOn coalition. Authorities in 15 countries, including Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya and Nige...
Day 0 Event #82 Inclusive multistakeholderism: tackling Internet shutdowns — And then protest was the second highest of 63 shutdowns in 15 countries. And then we've also seen government. disrupting internet during school exams and then elections is also an area where governments are likely to...

Avertissement : Il ne s'agit pas d'un compte rendu officiel de la session. DiploAI génère ces ressources à partir d'enregistrements audiovisuels ; elles sont présentées telles quelles, y compris d'éventuelles erreurs. En raison de contraintes logistiques (audio/vidéo ou transcriptions), les noms peuvent être mal orthographiés. Nous nous efforçons d'être aussi précis que possible.