The WSIS Forum 2026 opened in Geneva as the first major international gathering following the UN General Assembly's adoption of the WSIS Plus 20 outcome in December 2025, marking the beginning of a renewed ten-year mandate extending to 2035 . The forum brought together governments, industry, civil society, academia, and international organisations under the shared goal of building a digital world that is open, inclusive, and accessible to all .
ITU Secretary General Doreen Bogdan-Martin highlighted three priorities for the WSIS community: closing the digital divide, noting that while global internet use reached 74% by end of 2024, some 2.2 billion people remain offline ; closing a $2.8 trillion financing gap, with a partner-to-connect goal of mobilising $100 billion by year's end ; and building AI capacity to prevent a new digital divide from emerging alongside existing ones . She also emphasised that every major Global Digital Compact commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines .
UN Under-Secretary General Guy Ryder stressed that the digital divide has not closed but has shifted in shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance . He called for full alignment of the WSIS Action Lines with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Digital Compact, advocating for one coherent framework rather than parallel tracks . He also underscored the particular importance of WSIS for developing countries, citing priorities such as digital financial inclusion, e-health, digital education, and addressing e-waste .
A formal handover of the WSIS Forum chairmanship took place, with South Africa's Deputy Minister Mondli Gungubele passing the gavel to Egypt's Minister Raafat Hendy . Hendy outlined Egypt's vision for the chairmanship, emphasising that the next phase of WSIS must focus on implementation - moving countries from connectivity to meaningful use and from digital adoption to digital value creation . Strategic partners including the UAE and Malaysia also delivered addresses, with Malaysia showcasing initiatives on 5G skills development, human-centred digital governance, and a national fact-checking platform that has recorded over 439 million views .
Overall, the forum established a clear collective direction: translating the renewed WSIS mandate into tangible outcomes, ensuring coherence across UN digital frameworks, and guaranteeing that all nations - particularly developing countries - can both shape and benefit from the digital future .
Major Discussion Points
- Renewal of the WSIS Mandate and the Start of a New Decade: A central theme throughout the opening session was the significance of the WSIS Plus 20 review, which resulted in a renewed mandate extending the WSIS process to 2035. Speakers emphasised that this forum marks the beginning of a third decade of digital cooperation and the first major gathering following that landmark outcome.
- Closing the Digital Divide and Ensuring Meaningful Connectivity: Multiple speakers highlighted that despite progress - with global internet use reaching 74% - approximately 2.2 billion people remain offline, with the burden falling disproportionately on developing countries and Africa. Speakers called for concrete action on affordability, digital skills, and infrastructure financing, including closing a $2.8 trillion financing gap.
- Artificial Intelligence Governance and the Risk of a New Digital Divide: The rapid advancement of AI was identified as both an opportunity and a risk. Speakers warned that without inclusive governance and capacity building, AI could create a new layer of inequality on top of existing digital divides. The need for people-centred, ethical, and sustainable AI development was stressed across multiple addresses.
- Coherence Between WSIS, the Global Digital Compact, and the UN System: Several speakers underscored the importance of aligning the WSIS Action Lines with the Global Digital Compact (GDC) and the broader UN framework, including the 2030 Agenda. A joint implementation roadmap was referenced, and speakers cautioned against fragmented mandates or competing platforms within the UN system.
- Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships and the Role of Strategic Partners: The forum reaffirmed the WSIS model of bringing together governments, industry, civil society, academia, and the technical community. Strategic partners, including the UAE and Malaysia, presented concrete national and regional initiatives - such as the ASEAN 5G Skills Framework and Malaysia's national fact-checking platform - as examples of translating WSIS commitments into practical outcomes.
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Overall Purpose
- The discussion served as the official opening of the WSIS Forum 2026, marking the commencement of a renewed ten-year mandate for the World Summit on the Information Society process. Its primary goal was to set the agenda for the coming decade of global digital cooperation, celebrate the achievements of the past twenty years, and galvanise member states and stakeholders to move from commitment to implementation - particularly in areas such as connectivity, AI governance, digital inclusion, and coherence across UN frameworks.
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Overall Tone
- The overall tone was formal, celebratory, and aspirational, befitting a high-level UN opening ceremony. Speakers conveyed a strong sense of optimism and collective purpose, frequently invoking the milestone of the WSIS Plus 20 renewal as a source of renewed energy.
- However, the tone also carried a note of urgency and accountability, particularly when speakers acknowledged that billions of people remain offline and that AI risks deepening existing inequalities . This created a subtle but consistent undercurrent of sober realism beneath the celebratory framing.
- Towards the later segments, as strategic partners took the floor, the tone became more practical and promotional, with speakers presenting national initiatives and candidacies for ITU Council membership , reflecting a shift from visionary rhetoric to institutional and diplomatic positioning. Overall, the tone remained constructive and cooperative throughout, with no significant conflict or dissent.
WSIS Forum 2026 Opening Session: Expanded Summary
Opening and Context
The WSIS Forum 2026 opened in Geneva with a formal welcome and a curtain-raiser video that framed the gathering as a milestone moment in global digital cooperation. The video narration described the forum as a space "where the world connects to shape the digital future together," highlighting the December 2025 adoption of the WSIS Plus 20 outcome by the UN General Assembly as "a defining moment, charting a bold path for our digital future." The video underscored the multi-stakeholder character of the WSIS process, presenting governments, industry, civil society, academia, and global partners as coming together "with a shared purpose to build a digital world that is open, inclusive and accessible to all." It also noted that the WSIS mandate had been extended to 2035, that the WSIS stocktaking platform now holds over 21,000 projects, and that more than 55,000 participants have engaged with the process alongside 641 WSIS prize submissions since 2012.
Moderator Nur Sulyna Abdullah, Chief of Strategy at the ITU, opened the formal proceedings by contextualising the forum's significance. She emphasised that this was "not just another WSIS Forum," describing it as marking "the start of the third decade and the third mandate of the WSIS process," and noting that it would "kick off another 10 years of cooperation and digital development, following the WSIS Plus 20 review in December last year."
ITU Secretary General: Three Priorities for the Decade Ahead
ITU Secretary General Doreen Bogdan-Martin delivered the first major address, welcoming delegates back to Geneva "where the WSIS story began more than two decades ago" and expressing gratitude to co-hosts, co-organisers, and the WSIS Forum chair-designate, Egypt's Minister of Communications and Information Technology. She acknowledged the full breadth of stakeholders present — from government and the private sector to civil society, the technical community, and academia — as the people who make the forum "people-centred."
Bogdan-Martin framed the forum as a special one, noting that the 20-year review of WSIS by the UN General Assembly had resulted in "a new mandate to 2035 that has re-energised this community for the decade ahead." She asked who would have thought that the building blocks laid in 2003 "would be in even higher demand as we move from the information to the intelligent society," arguing that WSIS has always been about "value creation for people and for planet, equitable access to infrastructure, inclusive adoption of technology, digital development with humanity at its core," and that a new digital era now demands "a new kind of WSIS" capable of rising to "a challenging political moment and a technological landscape that's changing faster than ever."
She noted that the WSIS Forum "takes place alongside our AI for Good Global Summit, and the Project for Human Global Dialogue on AI Governance, which concluded last evening," describing this co-location as "not a coincidence" but "a signal of where the digital agenda is going."
She outlined three concrete priorities for the WSIS community. First, she called for closing the digital divide and making connectivity "truly meaningful for all," noting that global internet use had reached 74% by the end of the previous year but that 2.2 billion people remain completely offline, with affordability, relevant content and services, and digital skills persisting as "stubborn barriers." Second, she called for closing the $2.8 trillion financing gap, reporting that a task force on financing for digital development had been convened with concrete recommendations expected by 2027, and that the Partner2Connect goal of mobilising $100 billion by year's end was within reach with $82 billion already pledged — hinting that additional commitments might be announced later that day. Third, she called for building AI capacity so that "a new divide does not open up on top of the old one," arguing that the WSIS community is "uniquely placed" to keep people at the centre of AI development.
Bogdan-Martin also highlighted the operational significance of WSIS within the broader UN system, noting that every major Global Digital Compact (GDC) commitment — from open AI models to digital public infrastructure — had been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines, and that every effort must be made to maintain that alignment and build on those synergies. She described WSIS as "the operational engine that drives the global digital compact," noted that GDC coherence had been given a dedicated track at the forum, and highlighted the accountability chain running through CSTD and ECOSOC to the General Assembly as part of WSIS's operational role. She concluded by urging the community to build "the kind of WSIS that the world needs, especially an AI-driven world, one that is people-centric, one that is inclusive and development-oriented," reminding delegates that whilst the mandate was adopted in New York, "it will be delivered by the people in this room."
Swiss Confederation: Governance, Trust, and Geneva's Ecosystem
Jana Luzio, Director General of the Federal Office of Communication of the Swiss Confederation, affirmed Switzerland's commitment to the WSIS vision and its role as a trusted host for international digital dialogue. She acknowledged that the pace of digital transformation continues to intensify and that new technologies, particularly AI, "offer immense opportunities for innovation, economic development, and the achievement of sustainable development goals." However, she introduced a note of institutional caution, arguing that AI "increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities" and that "governance frameworks, democratic safeguards, and established forms of international cooperation must therefore find effective ways to keep pace." She framed the central question not as whether AI can be managed, but "how we ensure that it advances in a way that strengthens trust, improves opportunity and serves the public interest."
Luzio described the WSIS process as "so valuable" precisely because it provides a platform where all stakeholder groups can come together to shape the digital future, and noted that the forum is particularly significant as it follows the conclusion of the WSIS Plus 20 review, which "demonstrated the international community's continued commitment to strengthening digital cooperation." She also highlighted Geneva's unique ecosystem, noting that the WSIS Forum was taking place alongside the ITU AI for Good Global Summit and the AI Governance Dialogue, ensuring that "technological innovation, policy debate, and practical implementation are at work hand in hand."
UN Under-Secretary General: Coherence, Developing Countries, and the Evolving Divide
Guy Ryder, Under-Secretary General for Policy at the United Nations in New York, representing the UN Secretary General, delivered a substantive address. He opened by recalling that more than 20 years ago, WSIS "articulated a simple but profound ambition that digital transformation would advance human dignity, expand opportunity and accelerate development for all," and that as technological change accelerates at unprecedented speed, "that ambition remains as urgent as ever."
Ryder acknowledged the remarkable achievements since the 2003 Geneva Plan of Action and the 2005 Tunis Agenda — billions more people connected, mobile technologies transforming economies and societies, and digital public services becoming integral parts of daily life. However, he offered a sharp analytical counterpoint: "the digital divide has not closed — in many ways it has simply changed its shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance." He noted that the WSIS Plus 20 review consultations were led by the permanent representatives of Kenya and Albania, and described the review as having produced a "renewed commitment to collective action." He noted that the 2026 WSIS Forum is "the very first major gathering following the landmark adoption of the WSIS Plus 20 outcome," offering "real opportunity to translate commitments into implementation and to set the course towards WSIS Plus 30 in 2035." He set out clear priorities: every person should have safe, affordable, and reliable access to digital opportunities; digital inclusion must be matched by digital capacity; and countries need access to infrastructure, skills, financing, data, and emerging technologies in ways that genuinely advance sustainable development.
On coherence, Ryder was emphatic, arguing that implementation must be coherent across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework — forming "one coherent framework, not parallel tracks." He thanked ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions for developing a joint implementation roadmap for coherence between the GDC and WSIS, and warned explicitly against "a fragmented UN digital and AI landscape" or "competing platforms" that would create confusion for the governments the UN is meant to serve. He called for strong coordination across the Working Group on Digital Technologies, the interagency Working Group on Artificial Intelligence, the AI Fellowship Programme, the Internet Governance Fund, and the UN Group on Information, arguing that together these mechanisms "need to form a coherent ecosystem capable of delivering results at scale."
Ryder devoted particular attention to the role of developing countries, noting that WSIS "has long held special significance for all, but especially for developing countries," who helped shape the process from its inception to ensure development remained at the centre. He cited concrete priorities repeatedly highlighted by developing country representatives: digital financial inclusion, e-health, digital education, and addressing e-waste and the environmental footprint of digital technologies, noting that the Secretary-General's AI Environmental Transparency Initiative represents "an important step forward towards greater accountability and sustainability." He concluded by calling on the international community to ensure that "every country, particularly those furthest behind, can participate fully in shaping and benefiting from our shared digital future."
Handover of the WSIS Forum Chairmanship
A formal and symbolically significant moment followed the opening addresses: the handover of the WSIS Forum chairmanship from South Africa to Egypt. Moderator Nur Sulyna Abdullah invited South Africa's Deputy Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies, Mondli Gungubele, and Egypt's incoming Minister of Communications and Information Technology, Raafat Hendy, to the stage for the ceremonial transfer of the gavel, describing it as symbolising "the change of leadership." The handover was accompanied by an exchange of gifts between the two delegations.
Deputy Minister Gungubele spoke on behalf of South Africa, expressing honour at having chaired the WSIS Plus 20 high-level event in 2025. He described the WSIS Plus 20 review as "the product of sustained inclusive dialogue" that validated WSIS as "a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism" and represented "both a vote of confidence and a call to action." He acknowledged the scale of the remaining challenge, noting that whilst 5.5 billion people have been connected over 20 years, "2.6 billion remain excluded," disproportionately in Africa and developing countries. He called for matching commitment with implementation, strengthening WSIS action lines, deepening capacity building, and ensuring that emerging technologies like AI "are governed inclusively and ethically." He expressed South Africa's readiness to work with all stakeholders "to turn this renewed mandate into tangible outcomes for our regulators and the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected."
Egypt's Incoming Chairmanship: A Phase of Implementation
Raafat Hendy, Egypt's Minister of Communications and Information Technology, accepted the chairmanship with a substantive address that set out his vision for the next phase of the WSIS process. He described it as "a great honor for Egypt to assume the chairmanship," noting that Egypt "has always stood at the heart of the connection between continents, culture, and civilization" and continues to believe in "dialogue, openness, and cooperation as a foundation of human progress." He expressed appreciation to South Africa for its "thoughtful and inclusive leadership" during the pivotal WSIS Plus 20 review year.
Hendy's most significant contribution was a decisive reframing of the central question facing the WSIS process. He declared that "the question before us today is no longer whether digital technology can support development — we know it can," and that "the real question is whether the digital transformation of the coming decade will widen existing gaps or help close them." He argued that technology "does not carry a moral direction on its own" but "reflects the choices we make, the rules we set, and the partnerships we build," grounding the governance agenda in human agency and responsibility.
He outlined what the next phase of WSIS must deliver: moving countries "from connectivity to meaningful use, from access to real capability, and from digital adoption to digital value creation." For developing countries and the Global South, he articulated an assertive vision of agency rather than mere inclusion: "Our ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy. It is to help shape it. It is to build local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services that respond to our own development needs."
Hendy described Egypt's approach to the chairmanship as one of listening, building consensus, and turning shared priorities into practical cooperation, stating that success "will not be measured by the number of sessions we held, but by the bridges we built, the partnership we enabled, and the tangible progress we achieved together." He affirmed that the diversity of voices the multi-stakeholder model brings together is "not a formality" but "a condition for better decisions," and called on all participants to work collectively to ensure that the next chapter of WSIS gives "all people and all nations the power to change."
Strategic Partners: UAE and Malaysia
Following the chairmanship handover, the forum moved to a spotlight session recognising key strategic partners. James O'Connor, Director General of the Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority of the United Arab Emirates, spoke on behalf of the UAE as "a long-standing partner of this journey." He noted that the UN General Assembly had adopted the WSIS Plus 20 review by consensus, reaffirming that "our shared digital future must be people-centric, inclusive, and development-oriented," and declared that "the time for reflection is over — this is the time for implementation."
O'Connor placed telecommunications infrastructure at the centre of his address, arguing that "before the apps, before the services, before the algorithms, there is the telecommunications infrastructure" and that it is "the backbone of modern life" upon which education, health, commerce, and security all depend — making telecom "not one sector among many" but "the foundation of them all." He reframed the connectivity gap as "not just a digital divide" but "a development divide," and introduced the concept of network resilience as a humanitarian imperative, citing the UAE's experience of maintaining connectivity during subsea cable cuts and crises, "keeping school lessons going and hospitals operating." He argued that "the resilience of the global network is a responsibility we all carry" and that "no single government and no single sector can build this future alone," adding that "nations are not defined by their size but by what they give to the world." He highlighted the UAE's contributions to the WSIS stocktaking platform — now past 500 projects from the UAE alone — describing each one as "putting technology in the service of people."
Malaysia's Secretary General of the Ministry of Communications, Datuk Abdul Halim Hamzah, spoke as Malaysia's platinum strategic partner for the year. He presented three concrete national initiatives under specific WSIS action lines as illustrations of Malaysia's approach to building "a digital ecosystem that is inclusive, trusted, and future-ready." The first was the ASEAN 5G Skills Framework and Capacity Development Platform, developed through extensive consultation with ASEAN member states, industry, academia, and international organisations. The framework identifies 50 critical job roles, 111 prime and power skills, and 12 high-priority skills gaps across areas including network infrastructure, cloud technologies, cybersecurity, AI, data engineering, and digital services, and is designed to accommodate different levels of digital maturity. The second initiative was Malaysia's MCMC Five-Year Plan 2030, described as a strategic roadmap focusing on expanding meaningful connectivity, strengthening digital trust, enhancing data governance, developing digital talent, and enabling responsible innovation, with a human-centred approach at its core. The third was the Sebenarnya.my national fact-checking portal, established to counter the rapid spread of misinformation through close collaboration with government agencies and stakeholders. As of 31 May 2026, the platform had recorded more than 439 million views, reflecting "strong public trust and reliance on the platform for verified information." Hamzah described these three initiatives as demonstrating Malaysia's "holistic approach to digital development" in talent, governance, and trust, and reaffirmed Malaysia's commitment to advancing the WSIS vision. He also announced Malaysia's candidacy for re-election to the ITU Council, noting the term as stated in the transcript, though "2037-2030" as recorded appears to be a transcription error, most likely referring to the 2027–2030 term.
Saudi Arabia's Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the UN Office in Geneva, Abdulmohsen Majed Bin Khothaila, concluded the strategic partner segment. Only the concluding portion of his address is captured in the transcript; in those remarks he affirmed the Kingdom's "firm commitment to the International Telecommunication Union mission" of "linking humanity, building capacity, promoting trust, and harnessing technology to serve sustainable development," and submitted Saudi Arabia's candidacy for re-election to the ITU Council.
Overarching Themes and Collective Direction
Across all addresses, several overarching themes emerged with remarkable consistency. The renewal of the WSIS mandate to 2035 was universally celebrated as a landmark moment that re-energises the global digital cooperation community and provides a strong political foundation for the decade ahead. All speakers acknowledged that the digital divide persists — with Bogdan-Martin citing 2.2 billion people still offline and Gungubele citing 2.6 billion, a discrepancy that may reflect different data sources or methodologies — and that the burden falls disproportionately on Africa and developing countries, with the divide itself having evolved to encompass AI access, computing power, and data governance.
The imperative to shift from deliberation to implementation was a consistent refrain, articulated most forcefully by O'Connor's declaration that "the time for reflection is over," Hendy's framing of the next phase as one of implementation, and Gungubele's call for matching commitment with implementation. The multi-stakeholder model was affirmed across all addresses as the defining and indispensable feature of the WSIS process, with Hendy arguing that the diversity of voices it brings together is "not a formality" but "a condition for better decisions."
The need for coherence across international digital frameworks — particularly between WSIS, the Global Digital Compact, the Pact for the Future, and the 2030 Agenda — was stressed by both Bogdan-Martin and Ryder, who called for one coherent framework rather than parallel tracks and highlighted the joint implementation roadmap developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions. AI governance emerged as a cross-cutting concern, with speakers warning against a new AI divide forming on top of existing digital divides, calling for governance frameworks to keep pace with AI's reshaping of economic and political realities, and emphasising that technology's moral direction is determined by human choices, rules, and partnerships.
The session established a clear collective direction for the WSIS process through to 2035: translating the renewed mandate into tangible outcomes, ensuring coherence across UN digital frameworks, building AI capacity inclusively and ethically, closing the financing gap, and guaranteeing that all nations — particularly developing countries — can both shape and benefit from the digital future.
The WSIS Forum 2026 marks the start of the third decade and a new 10-year mandate following the WSIS Plus 20 review in December 2025 - Third decade milestone
Arg. 1The moderator highlights that the 2026 WSIS Forum is not merely another annual gathering but a landmark event marking the beginning of the third decade of the WSIS process. It follows the WSIS Plus 20 review conducted in December 2025, which extended the mandate for another ten years of cooperation and digital development.
The moderator explicitly stated that the WSIS Forum 2026 marks the start of the third decade and the third mandate of the WSIS process , and that this year's Forum is set to kick off another 10 years of cooperation and digital development following the WSIS Plus 20 review in December last year .
on: The WSIS Plus 20 Review produced a landmark renewed mandate to 2035 that re-energises the global digital cooperation community
The UN General Assembly's adoption of the WSIS Plus 20 outcome reaffirmed collective commitment to digital cooperation and provides a renewed mandate through 2035 - Renewed collective commitment
Arg. 1Guy Ryder underscores that the WSIS Plus 20 outcome, adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2025, represents a renewed and collective commitment to digital cooperation at the global level. This outcome was the product of extensive and inclusive consultations, reflecting a broad consensus among member states and stakeholders.
Ryder noted that the General Assembly's adoption of the WSIS Plus 20 outcome last December represented a renewed commitment to collective action , and that the 2026 WSIS Forum is the very first major gathering following this landmark adoption, offering a real opportunity to translate commitments into implementation .
on: The WSIS Plus 20 Review produced a landmark renewed mandate to 2035 that re-energises the global digital cooperation community
Nearly one third of humanity remains offline, and the digital divide has not closed but has changed shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance - Evolving nature of the divide
Arg. 2Ryder acknowledges that while significant progress has been made in connectivity since 2003, the digital divide has not been eliminated but has instead transformed. It now manifests along new dimensions such as access to artificial intelligence, computing power, and data governance, rather than simply internet access.
Ryder pointed out that nearly one third of humanity remains offline and that the digital divide has not closed but has simply changed its shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance .
on: Despite significant progress in connectivity, billions of people remain offline and the digital divide persists, requiring urgent collective action
on: Scale and framing of the digital divide: different figures and conceptual framings
Countries need access to infrastructure, skills, financing, data, and emerging technologies in ways that genuinely advance sustainable development - Comprehensive resource access needed
Arg. 3Ryder argues that digital inclusion must be matched by digital capacity, meaning that countries require a comprehensive package of resources — not just connectivity — to genuinely benefit from the digital age. This includes infrastructure, skills, financing, data, and access to emerging technologies, all oriented towards sustainable development.
Ryder stated that digital inclusion must be matched by digital capacity, and that countries need access to infrastructure, skills, financing, data, and emerging technologies in ways that really do advance sustainable development .
As AI reshapes nearly every dimension of society and the economy, coherence across the UN system becomes absolutely essential - UN system coherence on AI
Arg. 4Ryder argues that the pervasive impact of AI across society and the economy makes it imperative that the UN system operates in a coherent and coordinated manner. Fragmentation, competing mandates, or confusion among platforms would undermine the effectiveness of the international system in serving member states.
Ryder stated that as AI reshapes nearly every dimension of society and the economy, coherence across the UN system becomes absolutely essential , and he thanked ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions for developing a joint implementation roadmap for coherence between the Global Digital Compact and WSIS . He also warned that there cannot be a fragmented UN digital and AI landscape, nor competing platforms or confusion for the governments the system is meant to serve .
on: Artificial intelligence requires inclusive and ethical governance, and the WSIS community must ensure AI does not create a new divide on top of existing ones
Implementation must be coherent across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework, forming one coherent framework rather than parallel tracks - One coherent framework
Arg. 5Ryder stresses that the various international digital and development frameworks must be aligned and mutually reinforcing rather than operating as separate, parallel processes. The collective responsibility of the international community is to ensure these commitments generate tangible results for people and communities.
Ryder argued that implementation must be coherent across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework, forming one coherent framework and not parallel tracks .
on: Coherence and alignment between the WSIS framework, the Global Digital Compact, and other UN frameworks is essential to avoid fragmentation and deliver results
on: Emphasis on multi-stakeholder versus intergovernmental approaches to digital governance
A joint implementation roadmap for coherence between the Global Digital Compact and WSIS has been developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions - Joint implementation roadmap
Arg. 6Ryder highlights the concrete step taken by key UN agencies to develop a joint implementation roadmap that bridges the Global Digital Compact and the WSIS framework. This roadmap is intended to guide how the UN organises its work, aligns its mechanisms, and supports practical implementation on the ground.
Ryder thanked ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions for their work over the past year to develop a joint implementation roadmap for coherence between the Global Digital Compact and WSIS , and stated that this roadmap must guide how work is organised, how mechanisms are aligned, and how implementation is supported practically and on the ground .
on: Coherence and alignment between the WSIS framework, the Global Digital Compact, and other UN frameworks is essential to avoid fragmentation and deliver results
WSIS has long held special significance for developing countries, who helped shape the process from its inception to ensure development remained at the centre of global digital cooperation - Development at the centre
Arg. 7Ryder emphasises that developing countries have been central to the WSIS process from its very beginning, actively shaping it to ensure that development priorities remain at the core of global digital cooperation. This perspective continues to resonate strongly today.
Ryder noted that WSIS has long held special significance for developing countries, who helped shape the process from its inception to ensure that development remained at the centre of global digital cooperation , and that representatives from developing countries have repeatedly highlighted WSIS as a platform where their development priorities can be advanced through concrete action .
on: Developing countries and the Global South must be at the centre of the WSIS process, with their development priorities driving the digital cooperation agenda
on: The role of developing countries: recipients of digital development versus shapers of the digital economy
The WSIS process must ensure that countries furthest behind can participate fully in shaping and benefiting from the shared digital future - Inclusive participation for all
Arg. 8Ryder calls for ensuring that the most disadvantaged countries are not left behind in the digital transformation, but are instead empowered to both shape and benefit from the shared digital future. This is framed as a core responsibility of the international community.
Ryder stated that the collective responsibility is to ensure that every country, particularly those furthest behind, can participate fully in shaping and benefiting from the shared digital future .
on: The time has come to move from commitments and reflection to concrete implementation of the WSIS mandate
The WSIS Plus 20 review validated WSIS as a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism and represents both a vote of confidence and a call to action - Validation and call to action
Arg. 1Gungubele, speaking on behalf of South Africa as the outgoing WSIS Forum chair, frames the WSIS Plus 20 review outcome as a validation of the multi-stakeholder nature of the WSIS process. He emphasises that the renewal of the mandate is not to be taken lightly, as it is simultaneously a recognition of past achievements and an imperative for future action.
Gungubele stated that for South Africa, chairing the WSIS Plus 20 process was a profound honour, made more meaningful by what it represents - a validation of WSIS as a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism and a mandate renewed by UNGA to carry this work into its next year . He added that the renewal is both a vote of confidence and a call to action .
on: The multi-stakeholder approach is a defining and essential feature of the WSIS process, bringing diverse voices together for better outcomes
on: Emphasis on multi-stakeholder versus intergovernmental approaches to digital governance
20 years on, 5.5 billion people have been connected, yet 2.6 billion remain excluded, disproportionately in Africa and developing countries - Exclusion concentrated in developing world
Arg. 2Gungubele acknowledges the significant progress made over two decades of the WSIS process in connecting people globally, while drawing attention to the substantial number still excluded. He highlights that this exclusion is disproportionately concentrated in Africa and developing countries, making it a matter of particular urgency.
Gungubele noted that 20 years on, 5.5 billion people have been connected, yet 2.6 billion remain excluded, and that this exclusion is disproportionately concentrated in Africa and developing countries .
on: Despite significant progress in connectivity, billions of people remain offline and the digital divide persists, requiring urgent collective action
on: Scale and framing of the digital divide: different figures and conceptual framings
Emerging technologies like AI must be governed inclusively and ethically, and WSIS action lines must be strengthened alongside capacity building - Inclusive and ethical AI governance
Arg. 3Gungubele argues that the renewed WSIS mandate must be matched with concrete implementation, including strengthening the WSIS action lines and deepening capacity building. He specifically calls for emerging technologies such as AI to be governed in a manner that is both inclusive and ethical.
Gungubele stated that the union gives the platform to close the digital gap, but only if commitment is matched with implementation, WSIS action lines are strengthened, capacity building is deepened, and emerging technologies like AI are governed inclusively and ethically .
on: Artificial intelligence requires inclusive and ethical governance, and the WSIS community must ensure AI does not create a new divide on top of existing ones
South Africa stands ready to work with all stakeholders to turn the renewed mandate into tangible outcomes for the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected - Tangible outcomes for the excluded
Arg. 4Gungubele reaffirms South Africa's commitment to the WSIS process and its readiness to collaborate with all stakeholders in translating the renewed mandate into concrete, measurable outcomes. The focus is on the billions of people who remain without meaningful connectivity.
Gungubele stated that South Africa stands ready to work with all stakeholders to turn the renewed mandate into tangible outcomes for the regulators and the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected .
on: Developing countries and the Global South must be at the centre of the WSIS process, with their development priorities driving the digital cooperation agenda
on: The role of developing countries: recipients of digital development versus shapers of the digital economy
As outgoing chair, South Africa recognises the responsibility of the renewed mandate and calls for matching commitment with implementation, strengthening action lines, and deepening capacity building - Commitment must match implementation
Arg. 5In his role as representative of the outgoing WSIS Forum chair, Gungubele stresses that the renewal of the WSIS mandate carries significant responsibility. He calls for concrete action through strengthening WSIS action lines and deepening capacity building to ensure that commitments are translated into real-world impact.
Gungubele stated that the renewal is both a vote of confidence and a call to action, and that the community must match commitment with implementation, strengthen WSIS action lines, deepen capacity building, and ensure emerging technologies like AI are governed inclusively and ethically .
on: The time has come to move from commitments and reflection to concrete implementation of the WSIS mandate
The renewal of the WSIS mandate to 2035 re-energised the community and signals a new era demanding a new kind of WSIS capable of rising to challenging political and technological moments - New era demands new WSIS
Arg. 1Bogdan-Martin argues that the 20-year review and the resulting new mandate to 2035 have injected fresh energy into the WSIS community. She contends that the rapidly changing technological landscape and challenging political environment require WSIS to evolve into a new kind of forum capable of meeting these demands.
Bogdan-Martin stated that the 20-year review of WSIS by the UN General Assembly resulted in a new mandate to 2035 that has re-energised the community for the decade ahead , and that a new digital era demands a new kind of WSIS, one that can rise to a challenging political moment and a technological landscape changing faster than ever .
on: The WSIS Plus 20 Review produced a landmark renewed mandate to 2035 that re-energises the global digital cooperation community
Global internet use reached 74% by end of 2025, yet 2.2 billion people remain completely offline, with affordability, relevant content, and digital skills remaining stubborn barriers - Persistent connectivity gap
Arg. 2Bogdan-Martin presents a mixed picture of global connectivity progress: while internet use has reached 74% globally, a substantial 2.2 billion people remain entirely offline. She identifies affordability, relevant content and services, and digital skills as the persistent barriers preventing universal meaningful connectivity.
Bogdan-Martin noted that global internet use reached 74% by the end of last year , while at the same time 2.2 billion people are still completely offline , and that affordability, relevant content services, and digital skills remain stubborn barriers on the path to universal, meaningful connectivity .
on: Despite significant progress in connectivity, billions of people remain offline and the digital divide persists, requiring urgent collective action
on: Whether the primary focus should be on connectivity infrastructure or on meaningful use and value creation beyond connectivity
A task force on financing for digital development has been convened with concrete recommendations expected by 2027, and the Partner2Connect goal of mobilising $100 billion by end of 2026 is within reach with $82 billion in pledges - Financing task force and pledges
Arg. 3Bogdan-Martin highlights concrete steps being taken to address the financing gap for digital development, including the convening of a dedicated task force. She also reports significant progress towards the Partner2Connect goal, with $82 billion in pledges already secured against a target of $100 billion.
Bogdan-Martin stated that she and the UN secretariat have convened a task force on financing for digital development with concrete recommendations expected by 2027 , and that with $82 billion in pledges, the Partner2Connect goal of mobilising $100 billion by the end of the year is within reach , with the WSIS community helping to get there and potential additional commitments expected later that day .
Closing the $2.8 trillion financing gap is a critical priority for the WSIS community - Financing gap urgency
Arg. 4Bogdan-Martin identifies the closure of the $2.8 trillion financing gap as a critical and urgent priority for the WSIS community. This framing positions financing not merely as a technical issue but as a central challenge that the community must collectively address.
Bogdan-Martin explicitly called on the community to close the $2.8 trillion financing gap as the second of her three key priorities for the WSIS community to maintain momentum to 2035 .
Building AI capacity is essential so that a new divide does not open on top of the old one, and the WSIS community is uniquely placed to keep people at the centre of AI development - Preventing an AI divide
Arg. 5Bogdan-Martin warns that as AI advances rapidly, there is a real risk of a new digital divide emerging on top of the existing one, separating those with AI capacity from those without. She argues that the WSIS community, with its multi-stakeholder approach and focus on people-centred development, is uniquely positioned to address this challenge.
Bogdan-Martin stated that the third priority is to build AI capacity so that a new divide does not open up on top of the old one , and that as AI races ahead, the WSIS community is uniquely placed to answer the questions everyone is asking about how to keep people at the centre .
on: Artificial intelligence requires inclusive and ethical governance, and the WSIS community must ensure AI does not create a new divide on top of existing ones
Every major Global Digital Compact commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines, and maintaining that alignment and building on synergies is essential - GDC and WSIS alignment
Arg. 6Bogdan-Martin highlights the strong alignment between the Global Digital Compact and the WSIS framework, noting that every major GDC commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines. She stresses the importance of maintaining this alignment and building on the synergies between the two frameworks.
Bogdan-Martin stated that every major GDC commitment, from open AI models to digital public infrastructure, has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines , and that every effort must be made to keep that alignment and build on those synergies , which is why GDC coherence has a dedicated track at the forum .
on: Coherence and alignment between the WSIS framework, the Global Digital Compact, and other UN frameworks is essential to avoid fragmentation and deliver results
The WSIS Plus 20 review demonstrated the international community's continued commitment to strengthening digital cooperation - International commitment reaffirmed
Arg. 1Luzio, representing Switzerland as co-host, affirms that the WSIS Plus 20 review process demonstrated the sustained and broad commitment of the international community to digital cooperation. She frames this as evidence of the enduring value and relevance of the WSIS process.
Luzio stated that the WSIS Plus 20 review process demonstrated the international community's continued commitment to strengthening digital cooperation , and that the Swiss government is firmly committed to the WSIS vision and will continue to play its part in advancing its implementation .
on: The WSIS Plus 20 Review produced a landmark renewed mandate to 2035 that re-energises the global digital cooperation community
AI increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities, and governance frameworks, democratic safeguards, and international cooperation must find effective ways to keep pace - Governance must keep pace with AI
Arg. 2Luzio argues that AI is no longer a peripheral technology but is fundamentally reshaping economic, political, and infrastructural realities. She contends that existing governance frameworks, democratic safeguards, and forms of international cooperation must adapt effectively to keep pace with these rapid changes.
Luzio stated that AI increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities , and that governance frameworks, democratic safeguards, and established forms of international cooperation must therefore find effective ways to keep pace . She also noted that the key question is how to ensure AI advances in a way that strengthens trust, improves opportunity, and serves the public interest .
on: Artificial intelligence requires inclusive and ethical governance, and the WSIS community must ensure AI does not create a new divide on top of existing ones
The WSIS process provides a platform where governments, international organisations, the private sector, academia, technical community, and civil society come together to shape the digital future - Multi-stakeholder platform value
Arg. 3Luzio highlights the unique value of the WSIS process as a multi-stakeholder platform that brings together a diverse range of actors to collectively shape the digital future. She frames this inclusive approach as the reason why the WSIS process remains so valuable.
Luzio stated that the WSIS process remains so valuable because it provides a platform where governments, international organisations, the private sector, academia, the technical community, and civil society come together to shape the digital future .
on: The multi-stakeholder approach is a defining and essential feature of the WSIS process, bringing diverse voices together for better outcomes
on: Emphasis on multi-stakeholder versus intergovernmental approaches to digital governance
The 2026 WSIS Forum is the first major gathering following the WSIS Plus 20 adoption, offering a real opportunity to translate commitments into implementation - From commitment to implementation
Arg. 1O'Connor emphasises that the 2026 WSIS Forum is a pivotal moment, being the first major gathering since the UN General Assembly adopted the WSIS Plus 20 review outcome. He argues that the time for reflection has passed and that the forum must now focus on translating commitments into concrete implementation.
O'Connor stated that only months ago the UN General Assembly adopted the WSIS Plus 20 review by consensus, reaffirming that the shared digital future must be people-centric, inclusive, and development-oriented , and that as this is the first forum since that review, the task is clear: the time for reflection is over and this is the time for implementation .
on: The time has come to move from commitments and reflection to concrete implementation of the WSIS mandate
Connectivity must come first, as telecommunications infrastructure is the backbone of modern life upon which education, health, commerce, and security all depend - Connectivity as foundation
Arg. 2O'Connor argues that before applications, services, and algorithms, telecommunications infrastructure must be established as the foundational layer of the digital economy. He contends that telecom is not merely one sector among many but the essential backbone upon which all other digital services depend.
O'Connor stated that before the apps, services, and algorithms, there is the telecommunications infrastructure, which is the backbone of modern life, and that education, health, commerce, and security all run on that backbone, making telecom not one sector among many but the foundation of them all .
on: Whether the primary focus should be on connectivity infrastructure or on meaningful use and value creation beyond connectivity
The digital divide is no longer just a digital divide but a development divide, and connecting the world and keeping it connected is a shared global responsibility - Digital divide as development divide
Arg. 3O'Connor reframes the digital divide as fundamentally a development divide, arguing that the inability to access digital technologies has profound consequences for human development more broadly. He calls for connecting the world and maintaining that connectivity as a shared global responsibility, framing resilience as a lifeline rather than a luxury.
O'Connor noted that nearly three quarters of humanity is online, yet 2.2 billion people are offline, and that this is no longer just a digital divide but a development divide . He stated that connecting the world and keeping it connected is what resilience means, and that resilience is not a luxury but a lifeline .
on: Despite significant progress in connectivity, billions of people remain offline and the digital divide persists, requiring urgent collective action
on: Scale and framing of the digital divide: different figures and conceptual framings
No single government and no single sector can build the digital future alone, and the WSIS Forum brings everyone to the same table - Shared responsibility
Arg. 4O'Connor argues that the complexity and scale of building a shared digital future necessitates collaboration across governments and sectors. He presents the WSIS Forum as the unique platform that fulfils this function by bringing all relevant actors together.
O'Connor stated that no single government and no single sector can build this future alone, and that the WSIS Forum brings everyone to the same table .
on: The multi-stakeholder approach is a defining and essential feature of the WSIS process, bringing diverse voices together for better outcomes
The UAE has engaged with WSIS not as an observer but as a partner for two decades, contributing over 500 projects to the WSIS stocktaking platform - partnership over two decades
Arg. 5O'Connor highlights the UAE's long-standing and engagement with the WSIS process, distinguishing its role as a genuine partner rather than a passive observer. He points to the UAE's contributions to the WSIS stocktaking platform as concrete evidence of this commitment.
O'Connor stated that for two decades, the UAE has worked with WSIS not as an observer but as a partner, with contributions to the WSIS stocktaking now past 500 projects, each one putting technology in the service of people .
The UAE demonstrated network resilience when subsea cables were cut and crises hit, keeping school lessons and hospitals operating, and stands ready to share these lessons - Network resilience in crisis
Arg. 6O'Connor uses the UAE's experience of maintaining network connectivity during real crises — including subsea cable cuts — as a practical example of the importance of network resilience. He offers to share the lessons learned from this experience with the broader international community.
O'Connor stated that in a region that has seen real disruption, the UAE has stayed stable and connected, and that when subsea cables were cut and crises hit, their networks kept school lessons going and hospitals operating . He added that the UAE stands ready to share what it has learned because the resilience of the global network is a responsibility all carry .
The WSIS stocktaking platform now holds over 21,000 projects and has engaged over 55,000 participants, demonstrating the scale of the global community turning vision into reality - Scale of global engagement
Arg. 1The video narration presents quantitative evidence of the WSIS process's scale and reach, highlighting the large number of projects registered on the stocktaking platform and the extensive participation in the forum. These figures are presented as evidence of a global community actively working to translate the WSIS vision into concrete action.
The narration stated that the WSIS stocktaking platform now holds over 21,000 projects driving change worldwide , with over 55,000 participants engaged and 641 WSIS prize submissions since 2012 , describing this as a global community turning vision into reality .
The WSIS process is defined by multi-stakeholderism, bringing together governments, industry, civil society, academia, and global partners with a shared purpose - Multi-stakeholder spirit
Arg. 2The video narration frames the WSIS process as fundamentally defined by its multi-stakeholder character, bringing together a diverse range of actors united by a shared purpose. This is presented as the defining spirit of the World Summit on the Information Society.
The narration described the WSIS Forum as a place where governments, industry, civil society, academia, and global partners come together with a shared purpose to build a digital world that is open, inclusive, and accessible to all , and characterised this as the spirit of partnerships, aspirations, and multi-stakeholderism that defines WSIS .
on: The multi-stakeholder approach is a defining and essential feature of the WSIS process, bringing diverse voices together for better outcomes
The question before the international community is whether digital transformation will widen existing gaps or help close them, making this a responsibility for current and future generations - Widening or closing gaps
Arg. 1Hendy reframes the central challenge of the WSIS process not as a question of whether digital technology can support development — which he considers settled — but as a question of whether the coming decade's digital transformation will exacerbate or reduce existing inequalities. He frames this as a profound responsibility for both current and future generations.
Hendy stated that the question before the international community today is no longer whether digital technology can support development, as it is known that it can , but rather whether the digital transformation of the coming decade will widen existing gaps or help close them, and that this is the responsibility for current and future generations .
on: Despite significant progress in connectivity, billions of people remain offline and the digital divide persists, requiring urgent collective action
Technology does not carry a moral direction on its own; it reflects the choices made, the rules set, and the partnerships built, making responsible AI governance a central task - Technology reflects human choices
Arg. 2Hendy argues that technology, including AI, is not inherently directed towards good or ill outcomes but is shaped by the decisions, rules, and partnerships that humans establish around it. This framing positions responsible governance as the central task of the WSIS process in the AI era.
Hendy stated that technology does not carry a moral direction on its own, and that it reflects the choices made, the rules set, and the partnerships built , and that this is why the next phase of WSIS must be a phase of implementation focused on helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability .
on: Artificial intelligence requires inclusive and ethical governance, and the WSIS community must ensure AI does not create a new divide on top of existing ones
WSIS has a special value because it brings the world's diverse voices to one table, and this diversity is not a formality but a condition for better decisions - Diversity as condition for better decisions
Arg. 3Hendy argues that the multi-stakeholder nature of WSIS is not merely a procedural formality but a substantive condition for producing better decisions and outcomes. The diversity of voices brought together at WSIS is presented as a core source of its value.
Hendy stated that WSIS has a special value because it brings the world's diverse voices to one table, and that this diversity is not a formality but a condition for better decisions .
on: The multi-stakeholder approach is a defining and essential feature of the WSIS process, bringing diverse voices together for better outcomes
on: Emphasis on multi-stakeholder versus intergovernmental approaches to digital governance
For the Global South, the ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy but to help shape it, building local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services - Shaping the digital economy
Arg. 4Hendy articulates an ambitious vision for the Global South that goes beyond mere connectivity to participation in shaping the digital economy. He calls for building local capacity, content, innovation, and trusted digital services that respond to the specific development needs of developing countries.
Hendy stated that for developing countries and the Global South more broadly, the ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy but to help shape it, building local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services that respond to their own development needs .
on: Developing countries and the Global South must be at the centre of the WSIS process, with their development priorities driving the digital cooperation agenda
on: The role of developing countries: recipients of digital development versus shapers of the digital economy
Egypt assumes the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum with a commitment to a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability - Implementation-focused chairmanship
Arg. 5Hendy outlines Egypt's vision for its chairmanship of the WSIS Forum, centred on a shift from planning and commitment to concrete implementation. He articulates a progression from mere connectivity to meaningful use, and from access to real capability, as the key objectives of this phase.
Hendy stated that it is a great honour for Egypt to assume the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum , and that the next phase of WSIS must be a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use, from access to real capability, and from digital adoption to digital value creation .
on: The time has come to move from commitments and reflection to concrete implementation of the WSIS mandate
on: Whether the primary focus should be on connectivity infrastructure or on meaningful use and value creation beyond connectivity
South Africa's chairmanship in 2025 provided thoughtful and inclusive leadership during the pivotal WSIS Plus 20 review year, and Egypt is proud to build on this strong foundation - Building on South Africa's legacy
Arg. 6Hendy pays tribute to South Africa's leadership of the WSIS Forum during the critical WSIS Plus 20 review year, characterising it as thoughtful and inclusive. He frames Egypt's chairmanship as building upon this strong foundation rather than starting afresh.
Hendy extended sincere appreciation to South Africa for its distinguished chairmanship of the WSIS Forum in 2025, a pivotal year marked by the WSIS Plus 20 review and important global discussions on the future of digital cooperation, noting that South Africa provided thoughtful and inclusive leadership . He stated that Egypt is proud to build on this strong foundation as it takes forward the next chapter of the WSIS process .
Egypt's role as chair will focus on listening, building consensus, and turning shared priorities into practical cooperation, with success measured by bridges built and tangible progress achieved - Consensus-building leadership
Arg. 7Hendy outlines Egypt's approach to its chairmanship role, emphasising listening, consensus-building, and the translation of shared priorities into practical cooperation. He redefines success not by the number of sessions held but by the bridges built, partnerships enabled, and tangible progress achieved.
Hendy stated that Egypt's role as chair is to listen, to build consensus, and to help turn shared priorities into practical cooperation , and that success will not be measured by the number of sessions held but by the bridges built, the partnerships enabled, and the tangible progress achieved together .
Malaysia developed the ASEAN 5G Skills Framework identifying 50 critical job roles, 111 skills, and 12 high-priority skills gaps to address talent needs across the region - ASEAN 5G Skills Framework
Arg. 1Hamzah presents Malaysia's leadership in developing the ASEAN 5G Skills Framework as a concrete initiative to address the talent and skills gap in advanced digital infrastructure across the region. The framework was developed through extensive consultation with ASEAN member states, industry, academia, and international organisations.
Hamzah stated that Malaysia led the development of the ASEAN 5G Skills Framework through extensive consultation and validation with ASEAN member states, industry stakeholders, academia, and international organisations . The framework identifies 50 critical job roles, 111 prime and power skills, and 12 high-priority skills gaps across areas such as network infrastructure, cloud technologies, cybersecurity, AI, data engineering, and digital services . He noted the framework is designed to accommodate different levels of digital maturity, making it adaptable within ASEAN and relevant to other regions .
Malaysia's MCMC Five-Year Plan 2030 serves as a strategic roadmap focusing on meaningful connectivity, digital trust, data governance, digital talent, and responsible innovation - Five-Year Plan 2030
Arg. 2Hamzah presents Malaysia's MCMC Five-Year Plan 2030 as a comprehensive strategic roadmap for guiding the country's digital transformation. At its core is a human-centred approach that ensures technological progress is accompanied by strong governance, accountability, and public trust.
Hamzah stated that the Five-Year Plan 2030 serves as MCMC's strategic roadmap to guide Malaysia's digital transformation, focusing on expanding meaningful connectivity, strengthening digital trust, enhancing data governance, developing digital talent, and enabling responsible innovation . He noted that at its core is a human-centred approach ensuring technological progress is accompanied by strong governance, accountability, and public trust .
Malaysia's Sebenarnya.my national fact-checking portal has recorded over 439 million views, becoming an important pillar of the country's digital trust ecosystem - National fact-checking platform
Arg. 3Hamzah presents Malaysia's Sebenarnya.my platform as a successful national initiative to combat misinformation and strengthen public trust in the digital information ecosystem. The platform's scale of usage is presented as evidence of strong public trust and reliance on verified information.
Hamzah stated that Malaysia established Sebenarnya.my as the country's official national fact-checking platform, providing the public with timely access to verified and authoritative information through collaboration with government agencies, ministries, and relevant stakeholders . As of 31st May 2026, the platform had recorded more than 439 million views, reflecting strong public trust and reliance on the platform for verified information .
Saudi Arabia affirms its firm commitment to the ITU mission of linking humanity, building capacity, promoting trust, and harnessing technology for sustainable development - Commitment to ITU mission
Arg. 1The Saudi Arabian representative reaffirms the Kingdom's strong and continued commitment to the ITU's core mission, framing it as an approach based on continuity and effective contribution. This commitment is presented in the context of Saudi Arabia's candidacy for re-election to the ITU Council.
The representative stated that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia affirms its firm commitment to the ITU mission and international organisations in linking humanity, building capacity, promoting trust, and harnessing technology to serve sustainable development , and that based on this approach of continuity and effective contribution, the Kingdom looks forward to renewed confidence and submits its candidacy for re-election to ITU Council membership .
The WSIS Forum is defined by the spirit of partnerships, aspirations, and multi-stakeholderism - Defining spirit of WSIS
Arg. 1Gitanjali, in her opening welcome, characterises the WSIS Forum as fundamentally defined by a spirit of partnerships, aspirations, and multi-stakeholderism. She frames this spirit as the essence of the World Summit on the Information Society, setting the tone for the entire forum.
Gitanjali invited delegates to enjoy the curtain-raiser video as a glimpse into the spirit of partnerships, aspirations, and the spirit of multi-stakeholderism that defines the World Summit on the Information Society .
on: The multi-stakeholder approach is a defining and essential feature of the WSIS process, bringing diverse voices together for better outcomes
Session Knowledge Graph
Speakers · Topics · Arguments · Relationships
All major speakers converged on the significance of the WSIS Plus 20 review outcome. Bogdan-Martin described it as resulting in a new mandate to 2035 that has re-energised the community . Ryder noted it represented a renewed commitment to collective action and that the 2026 Forum is the first major gathering following this landmark adoption . Gungubele framed it as a validation of WSIS as a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism and both a vote of confidence and a call to action . Luzio affirmed it demonstrated the international community's continued commitment to strengthening digital cooperation . O'Connor stated the UN General Assembly adopted the WSIS Plus 20 review by consensus, reaffirming the shared digital future must be people-centric, inclusive, and development-oriented . The moderator highlighted it as marking the start of the third decade and third mandate . Hendy framed Egypt's chairmanship as a phase of implementation following this milestone .
The renewal of the WSIS mandate to 2035 re-energised the community and signals a new era demanding a new kind of WSIS capable of rising to challenging political and technological moments - New era demands new WSIS
The UN General Assembly's adoption of the WSIS Plus 20 outcome reaffirmed collective commitment to digital cooperation and provides a renewed mandate through 2035 - Renewed collective commitment
The WSIS Plus 20 review validated WSIS as a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism and represents both a vote of confidence and a call to action - Validation and call to action
The WSIS Plus 20 review demonstrated the international community's continued commitment to strengthening digital cooperation - International commitment reaffirmed
The 2026 WSIS Forum is the first major gathering following the WSIS Plus 20 adoption, offering a real opportunity to translate commitments into implementation - From commitment to implementation
The WSIS Forum 2026 marks the start of the third decade and a new 10-year mandate following the WSIS Plus 20 review in December 2025 - Third decade milestone
Egypt assumes the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum with a commitment to a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability - Implementation-focused chairmanship
There was strong consensus that while progress has been made, the digital divide remains a critical challenge. Bogdan-Martin noted global internet use reached 74% but 2.2 billion people are still completely offline , with affordability, relevant content, and digital skills as stubborn barriers . Ryder pointed out that nearly one third of humanity remains offline and the divide has changed shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance . Gungubele acknowledged that 5.5 billion have been connected yet 2.6 billion remain excluded, disproportionately in Africa and developing countries . O'Connor reframed this as not just a digital divide but a development divide . Hendy posed the central question of whether digital transformation will widen existing gaps or help close them .
Global internet use reached 74% by end of 2025, yet 2.2 billion people remain completely offline, with affordability, relevant content, and digital skills remaining stubborn barriers - Persistent connectivity gap
Nearly one third of humanity remains offline, and the digital divide has not closed but has changed shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance - Evolving nature of the divide
20 years on, 5.5 billion people have been connected, yet 2.6 billion remain excluded, disproportionately in Africa and developing countries - Exclusion concentrated in developing world
The digital divide is no longer just a digital divide but a development divide, and connecting the world and keeping it connected is a shared global responsibility - Digital divide as development divide
The question before the international community is whether digital transformation will widen existing gaps or help close them, making this a responsibility for current and future generations - Widening or closing gaps
Multiple speakers emphasised the imperative to shift from planning to action. O'Connor declared that the time for reflection is over and this is the time for implementation . Hendy articulated that the next phase of WSIS must be a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use, from access to real capability, and from digital adoption to digital value creation . Ryder noted the 2026 Forum offers a real opportunity to translate commitments into implementation . Gungubele called for matching commitment with implementation, strengthening WSIS action lines, and deepening capacity building .
The 2026 WSIS Forum is the first major gathering following the WSIS Plus 20 adoption, offering a real opportunity to translate commitments into implementation - From commitment to implementation
Egypt assumes the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum with a commitment to a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability - Implementation-focused chairmanship
The WSIS process must ensure that countries furthest behind can participate fully in shaping and benefiting from the shared digital future - Inclusive participation for all
As outgoing chair, South Africa recognises the responsibility of the renewed mandate and calls for matching commitment with implementation, strengthening action lines, and deepening capacity building - Commitment must match implementation
There was broad consensus on the need for inclusive and ethical AI governance. Bogdan-Martin warned that as AI races ahead, the WSIS community must build AI capacity so a new divide does not open up on top of the old one . Luzio argued that AI increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities, and governance frameworks must find effective ways to keep pace . Gungubele called for emerging technologies like AI to be governed inclusively and ethically . Hendy argued that technology does not carry a moral direction on its own and reflects the choices made, the rules set, and the partnerships built . Ryder stressed that as AI reshapes nearly every dimension of society and the economy, coherence across the UN system becomes absolutely essential .
Building AI capacity is essential so that a new divide does not open on top of the old one, and the WSIS community is uniquely placed to keep people at the centre of AI development - Preventing an AI divide
AI increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities, and governance frameworks, democratic safeguards, and international cooperation must find effective ways to keep pace - Governance must keep pace with AI
Emerging technologies like AI must be governed inclusively and ethically, and WSIS action lines must be strengthened alongside capacity building - Inclusive and ethical AI governance
Technology does not carry a moral direction on its own; it reflects the choices made, the rules set, and the partnerships built, making responsible AI governance a central task - Technology reflects human choices
As AI reshapes nearly every dimension of society and the economy, coherence across the UN system becomes absolutely essential - UN system coherence on AI
Speakers consistently affirmed the multi-stakeholder nature of WSIS as central to its value. The video narration described WSIS as bringing governments, industry, civil society, academia, and global partners together with a shared purpose . Luzio stated the WSIS process remains valuable because it provides a platform where all these actors come together to shape the digital future . O'Connor argued that no single government and no single sector can build this future alone, and the WSIS Forum brings everyone to the same table . Hendy stated that WSIS has a special value because it brings the world's diverse voices to one table, and this diversity is not a formality but a condition for better decisions . Gitanjali framed the forum as defined by the spirit of partnerships, aspirations, and multi-stakeholderism . Gungubele validated WSIS as a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism .
The WSIS process is defined by multi-stakeholderism, bringing together governments, industry, civil society, academia, and global partners with a shared purpose - Multi-stakeholder spirit
The WSIS process provides a platform where governments, international organisations, the private sector, academia, technical community, and civil society come together to shape the digital future - Multi-stakeholder platform value
No single government and no single sector can build the digital future alone, and the WSIS Forum brings everyone to the same table - Shared responsibility
WSIS has a special value because it brings the world's diverse voices to one table, and this diversity is not a formality but a condition for better decisions - Diversity as condition for better decisions
The WSIS Forum is defined by the spirit of partnerships, aspirations, and multi-stakeholderism - Defining spirit of WSIS
The WSIS Plus 20 review validated WSIS as a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism and represents both a vote of confidence and a call to action - Validation and call to action
Both Bogdan-Martin and Ryder strongly emphasised the need for coherence across international digital frameworks. Bogdan-Martin noted that every major GDC commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines and that every effort must be made to keep that alignment and build on synergies . Ryder argued that implementation must be coherent across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework, forming one coherent framework and not parallel tracks . Ryder also highlighted the joint implementation roadmap developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions , warning against a fragmented UN digital and AI landscape or competing platforms .
Every major Global Digital Compact commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines, and maintaining that alignment and building on synergies is essential - GDC and WSIS alignment
Implementation must be coherent across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework, forming one coherent framework rather than parallel tracks - One coherent framework
A joint implementation roadmap for coherence between the Global Digital Compact and WSIS has been developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions - Joint implementation roadmap
Several speakers emphasised the centrality of developing countries to the WSIS process. Ryder noted that WSIS has long held special significance for developing countries, who helped shape the process from its inception to ensure development remained at the centre , and that representatives from developing countries have repeatedly highlighted WSIS as a platform where their development priorities can be advanced . Gungubele reaffirmed South Africa's readiness to work with all stakeholders to turn the renewed mandate into tangible outcomes for the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected . Hendy articulated that for developing countries and the Global South, the ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy but to help shape it, building local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services .
WSIS has long held special significance for developing countries, who helped shape the process from its inception to ensure development remained at the centre of global digital cooperation - Development at the centre
South Africa stands ready to work with all stakeholders to turn the renewed mandate into tangible outcomes for the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected - Tangible outcomes for the excluded
For the Global South, the ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy but to help shape it, building local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services - Shaping the digital economy
Bogdan-Martin, Ryder, and O'Connor all cited similar statistics and framing around the persistent connectivity gap. Bogdan-Martin stated that global internet use reached 74% but 2.2 billion people are still completely offline . Ryder noted that nearly one third of humanity remains offline . O'Connor similarly noted that nearly three quarters of humanity is online yet 2.2 billion people are offline, and reframed this as not just a digital divide but a development divide . All three agreed that connectivity must be treated as a foundational priority and that the gap represents a broader development challenge. Bogdan-Martin, Hendy, and Gungubele shared a common vision of what the renewed WSIS mandate demands in practical terms. Bogdan-Martin argued that a new digital era demands a new kind of WSIS, one that can rise to a challenging political moment and a technological landscape changing faster than ever . Hendy stated the next phase must be a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use, from access to real capability, and from digital adoption to digital value creation . Gungubele called for matching commitment with implementation, strengthening WSIS action lines, and deepening capacity building . All three framed the renewed mandate as a call to action requiring concrete delivery. Luzio, Hendy, and Gungubele shared a similar perspective on the governance of AI and emerging technologies. Luzio argued that AI increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities, and that governance frameworks must find effective ways to keep pace , with the key question being how to ensure AI advances in a way that strengthens trust, improves opportunity, and serves the public interest . Hendy argued that technology does not carry a moral direction on its own and reflects the choices made, the rules set, and the partnerships built . Gungubele called for emerging technologies like AI to be governed inclusively and ethically . All three emphasised that human agency and governance choices determine whether AI serves the public good. Both Bogdan-Martin and Ryder emphasised the importance of coherence between WSIS and the Global Digital Compact. Bogdan-Martin noted that every major GDC commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines and that WSIS is the operational engine that drives the Global Digital Compact . Ryder highlighted the joint implementation roadmap developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions for coherence between the GDC and WSIS , and warned against a fragmented UN digital and AI landscape or competing platforms . Both speakers framed coherence not as optional but as essential to delivering results for member states. Both Hamzah and O'Connor presented their countries as active, long-standing partners in the WSIS process who contribute concrete initiatives rather than merely participating as observers. O'Connor highlighted the UAE's contributions to the WSIS stocktaking now past 500 projects, each putting technology in the service of people . Hamzah presented three concrete Malaysian initiatives under specific WSIS action lines, including the ASEAN 5G Skills Framework developed through extensive consultation , the MCMC Five-Year Plan 2030 , and the Sebenarnya.my fact-checking platform with over 439 million views . Both speakers used their national examples to demonstrate how WSIS commitments translate into practical outcomes. Both Ryder and Hendy articulated a vision of the Global South not merely as a recipient of digital development but as an shaper of the digital future. Ryder stated that the collective responsibility is to ensure that every country, particularly those furthest behind, can participate fully in shaping and benefiting from the shared digital future . Hendy went further, stating that for developing countries and the Global South, the ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy but to help shape it, building local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services that respond to their own development needs . Both speakers framed this as a matter of agency and self-determination, not just access.
While it might be expected that a UAE representative would emphasise infrastructure given the country's advanced digital economy, the degree to which O'Connor explicitly elevated telecommunications infrastructure above all other digital considerations was notable. O'Connor stated that before the apps, services, and algorithms, there is the telecommunications infrastructure, which is the backbone of modern life, and that education, health, commerce, and security all run on that backbone, making telecom not one sector among many but the foundation of them all . This framing was implicitly shared by Bogdan-Martin, who identified affordability and connectivity as the first of her three priorities , and by Ryder, who argued that countries need access to infrastructure as the first element of digital capacity . The consensus around infrastructure primacy was unexpected given the forum's broad agenda covering AI, governance, and other advanced topics.
The emergence of network resilience as a shared humanitarian concern was an unexpected area of consensus. O'Connor used the UAE's experience of maintaining connectivity during subsea cable cuts and crises to argue that resilience is not a luxury but a lifeline, keeping school lessons going and hospitals operating , and that the resilience of the global network is a responsibility all carry . This framing resonated with Ryder's emphasis on ensuring countries furthest behind can participate fully and Bogdan-Martin's focus on meaningful connectivity for all . The consensus that network resilience has direct humanitarian consequences - affecting education and healthcare - was a more concrete and operationally specific point of agreement than typically emerges from high-level diplomatic forums.
The explicit quantification of the financing gap at $2.8 trillion and the near-consensus around the urgency of addressing it was somewhat unexpected in an opening session typically characterised by broad political statements. Bogdan-Martin explicitly called for closing the $2.8 trillion financing gap as her second key priority , and reported that a task force on financing for digital development has been convened with concrete recommendations expected by 2027 , with $82 billion in pledges already secured towards a $100 billion Partner2Connect goal . Ryder reinforced this by including financing as one of the essential resources countries need to genuinely advance sustainable development . The specificity of these figures and the existence of concrete mechanisms represented a more operationally grounded consensus than is typical for opening plenary sessions.
An unexpected area of consensus emerged around the WSIS stocktaking platform as a concrete accountability tool valued across different types of stakeholders - the UN secretariat, the broader community, and individual member states. The video narration highlighted that the platform holds over 21,000 projects driving change worldwide . Bogdan-Martin noted that the UN General Assembly resolution commends the WSIS stocktaking platform and recognises ITU as a measure the world relies on to track digital progress . O'Connor specifically highlighted the UAE's contributions to the WSIS stocktaking now past 500 projects . The convergence of a UN Secretary General, a video presentation, and a national delegate all pointing to the same platform as a meaningful accountability mechanism was an unexpected degree of specificity and consensus.
The opening session of the WSIS Forum 2026 demonstrated a remarkably high level of consensus across all speakers on the core themes of the forum. All speakers affirmed the significance of the WSIS Plus 20 review and the renewed mandate to 2035 . There was universal agreement that the digital divide persists and requires urgent action , and broad consensus that the time has come to move from commitments to implementation . Speakers also converged on the need for inclusive and ethical AI governance , the value of the multi-stakeholder approach , and the importance of coherence across international digital frameworks . Developing countries' centrality to the WSIS process was affirmed by speakers from both the Global North and Global South . National initiatives from Malaysia and the UAE demonstrated how these shared principles translate into concrete practice .
Speakers present notably different figures for the number of people offline. Bogdan-Martin cites 2.2 billion offline , while Gungubele cites 2.6 billion excluded , and O'Connor references 2.2 billion offline . Beyond the numerical discrepancy, the conceptual framing diverges significantly: Bogdan-Martin frames the divide primarily as a connectivity and skills barrier ; Gungubele emphasises its disproportionate concentration in Africa and developing countries ; O'Connor reframes it entirely as a 'development divide' rather than merely a digital one ; and Ryder argues the divide has not closed but changed shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance . These differing framings carry different implications for what solutions are prioritised.
Global internet use reached 74% by end of 2025, yet 2.2 billion people remain completely offline, with affordability, relevant content, and digital skills remaining stubborn barriers - Persistent connectivity gap
20 years on, 5.5 billion people have been connected, yet 2.6 billion remain excluded, disproportionately in Africa and developing countries - Exclusion concentrated in developing world
The digital divide is no longer just a digital divide but a development divide, and connecting the world and keeping it connected is a shared global responsibility - Digital divide as development divide
Nearly one third of humanity remains offline, and the digital divide has not closed but has changed shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance - Evolving nature of the divide
O'Connor places telecommunications infrastructure as the unambiguous first priority, arguing that 'before the apps, before the services, before the algorithms, there is the telecommunications infrastructure' and that telecom is 'the foundation of them all' . By contrast, Hendy explicitly frames the next phase of WSIS as one that must help countries move 'from connectivity to meaningful use, from access to real capability, and from digital adoption to digital value creation' , implying that basic connectivity is no longer the sole or primary challenge. Bogdan-Martin occupies a middle position, acknowledging both the 2.2 billion still offline and the stubborn barriers of affordability, content, and skills , suggesting that connectivity and meaningful use must be addressed simultaneously rather than sequentially.
Connectivity must come first, as telecommunications infrastructure is the backbone of modern life upon which education, health, commerce, and security all depend - Connectivity as foundation
Egypt assumes the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum with a commitment to a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability - Implementation-focused chairmanship
Global internet use reached 74% by end of 2025, yet 2.2 billion people remain completely offline, with affordability, relevant content, and digital skills remaining stubborn barriers - Persistent connectivity gap
Ryder, while acknowledging developing countries' historical role in shaping WSIS , frames their primary concern as advancing 'development priorities through concrete action' on issues such as digital financial inclusion, e-health, and digital education , positioning them largely as beneficiaries of the digital agenda. Hendy articulates a more assertive vision, stating that for the Global South 'the ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy but to help shape it', calling for 'local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services that respond to our own development needs' . Gungubele's framing focuses on 'tangible outcomes for the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected' , which, while sympathetic, implicitly positions developing countries as awaiting connection rather than as co-architects of the digital future. These represent meaningfully different visions of agency and participation.
WSIS has long held special significance for developing countries, who helped shape the process from its inception to ensure development remained at the centre of global digital cooperation - Development at the centre
For the Global South, the ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy but to help shape it, building local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services - Shaping the digital economy
South Africa stands ready to work with all stakeholders to turn the renewed mandate into tangible outcomes for the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected - Tangible outcomes for the excluded
Luzio and Gungubele strongly emphasise the multi-stakeholder character of WSIS as its defining and most valuable feature , with Hendy reinforcing that diversity of voices is 'not a formality but a condition for better decisions' . Ryder, by contrast, frames the governance challenge primarily through the lens of UN system coherence and intergovernmental coordination, emphasising alignment across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework , and calling for strong coordination across interagency working groups . While not explicitly contradicting multi-stakeholderism, Ryder's framing places greater weight on intergovernmental and inter-agency coherence, reflecting a subtly different governance philosophy.
The WSIS process provides a platform where governments, international organisations, the private sector, academia, technical community, and civil society come together to shape the digital future - Multi-stakeholder platform value
Implementation must be coherent across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework, forming one coherent framework rather than parallel tracks - One coherent framework
The WSIS Plus 20 review validated WSIS as a truly multi-stakeholder mechanism and represents both a vote of confidence and a call to action - Validation and call to action
WSIS has a special value because it brings the world's diverse voices to one table, and this diversity is not a formality but a condition for better decisions - Diversity as condition for better decisions
In an opening ceremony characterised by strong consensus and shared messaging, it is unexpected that two senior speakers at the same event would cite materially different figures for the number of people offline. Bogdan-Martin states that '2.2 billion people are still completely offline' , while Gungubele states that '2.6 billion remain excluded' . This discrepancy of 400 million people is significant and unexpected at a forum where one would anticipate coordinated messaging. It may reflect different data sources, different definitions of 'offline' versus 'excluded', or different reference years, but the lack of a shared evidence base is notable given that monitoring and measurement is one of the WSIS action lines and that ITU is specifically recognised as the body the world relies on to track digital progress .
In a forum dedicated to multi-stakeholderism and collective action, O'Connor's presentation of the UAE's network resilience as a national achievement - 'in a region that has seen real disruption, the UAE has stayed stable and connected' - creates an unexpected implicit tension with the forum's ethos of shared responsibility. While O'Connor does frame resilience as 'a responsibility we all carry' , the framing of the UAE's experience as a model to be shared implicitly positions some nations as more advanced and others as learners, which sits in some tension with Ryder's call for ensuring 'every country, particularly those furthest behind, can participate fully in shaping and benefiting from our shared digital future' . The unexpected element is that a forum premised on equality of participation contains a presentation that, however well-intentioned, highlights significant asymmetries in national digital resilience.
There is an unexpected internal tension in the forum's messaging between the celebratory framing of WSIS achievements and the sobering acknowledgement of persistent failure. The opening video narration presents an overwhelmingly positive picture, highlighting 21,000 projects, 55,000 participants, and 641 prize submissions , framing this as 'a global community turning vision into reality' . Yet Ryder explicitly states that 'the digital divide has not closed' and has 'simply changed its shape' , and Gungubele acknowledges that 2.6 billion remain excluded after two decades . This tension is unexpected because it is rarely made explicit: the forum simultaneously celebrates its achievements and acknowledges that its core mission - bridging the digital divide - remains substantially unaccomplished after 20 years. This implicit disagreement about whether WSIS has succeeded or failed in its primary mission is never directly addressed or reconciled.
The WSIS Forum 2026 opening session is characterised by a high degree of surface-level consensus, with all speakers endorsing the renewed WSIS mandate, the importance of multi-stakeholderism, the urgency of closing digital divides, and the need for coherence between WSIS and the Global Digital Compact. However, beneath this consensus lie meaningful differences in emphasis, framing, and priority. The most substantive disagreements concern: (1) the conceptual framing of the digital divide - whether it is primarily a connectivity gap, a development divide, or an evolving AI-era challenge; (2) whether the primary focus should be on basic connectivity infrastructure or on meaningful use and value creation; (3) the degree of agency attributed to developing countries - as recipients of digital development or as shapers of the digital economy; (4) the relative weight given to multi-stakeholder versus intergovernmental approaches to governance; and (5) the status of WSIS-GDC coherence - whether it is substantially achieved or still being constructed. Additionally, there are unexpected discrepancies in the quantitative evidence base (different figures for the number of people offline ) and an unresolved tension between celebrating WSIS achievements and acknowledging the persistence of the digital divide after two decades .
All speakers agree that AI governance and capacity building are critical priorities for the WSIS process. However, they diverge on the primary mechanism for addressing AI challenges. Bogdan-Martin emphasises building AI capacity to prevent a new divide opening 'on top of the old one' , framing it as a capacity and inclusion challenge. Ryder focuses on UN system coherence as the essential response to AI's pervasive impact , emphasising institutional coordination. Gungubele calls for AI to be 'governed inclusively and ethically' , emphasising governance norms. Hendy frames AI governance as a matter of human choice, arguing that 'technology does not carry a moral direction on its own' and that it 'reflects the choices we make, the rules we set, and the partnerships we build' , emphasising agency and responsibility. O'Connor, while acknowledging AI's importance, focuses more on telecommunications infrastructure as the prerequisite foundation , implying that AI governance is secondary to basic connectivity.
Building AI capacity is essential so that a new divide does not open on top of the old one, and the WSIS community is uniquely placed to keep people at the centre of AI development - Preventing an AI divide As AI reshapes nearly every dimension of society and the economy, coherence across the UN system becomes absolutely essential - UN system coherence on AI Emerging technologies like AI must be governed inclusively and ethically, and WSIS action lines must be strengthened alongside capacity building - Inclusive and ethical AI governance Technology does not carry a moral direction on its own; it reflects the choices made, the rules set, and the partnerships built, making responsible AI governance a central task - Technology reflects human choices The digital divide is no longer just a digital divide but a development divide, and connecting the world and keeping it connected is a shared global responsibility - Digital divide as development divide
All speakers agree that the 2026 WSIS Forum must shift from commitment to implementation, and that coherence between WSIS and the Global Digital Compact is essential. However, they differ on how this coherence should be achieved. Bogdan-Martin highlights that every major GDC commitment has already been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines , suggesting the alignment architecture is largely in place and needs to be maintained. Ryder emphasises the need for a joint implementation roadmap developed by multiple UN agencies , suggesting more structural work is still required. O'Connor frames the shift to implementation as a clear and immediate imperative, stating 'the time for reflection is over' . Hendy frames implementation as a multi-year journey of moving countries 'from connectivity to meaningful use, from access to real capability, and from digital adoption to digital value creation' , suggesting a more gradual and phased understanding of what implementation entails.
Every major Global Digital Compact commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines, and maintaining that alignment and building on synergies is essential - GDC and WSIS alignment Implementation must be coherent across the Pact for the Future, the Global Digital Compact, the 2030 Agenda, and the WSIS Framework, forming one coherent framework rather than parallel tracks - One coherent framework The 2026 WSIS Forum is the first major gathering following the WSIS Plus 20 adoption, offering a real opportunity to translate commitments into implementation - From commitment to implementation Egypt assumes the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum with a commitment to a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability - Implementation-focused chairmanship
All speakers agree that financing for digital development is a critical challenge requiring urgent attention. However, they differ in their level of specificity and optimism. Bogdan-Martin is the most specific, citing the $2.8 trillion financing gap , the $82 billion in pledges against a $100 billion Partner2Connect target , and the convening of a dedicated task force , projecting cautious optimism. Ryder frames financing as part of a broader package of resources — infrastructure, skills, financing, data, and emerging technologies — that countries need , without specifying concrete targets or mechanisms. Gungubele and Hendy acknowledge the financing challenge implicitly through their calls for 'tangible outcomes' and moving from 'access to real capability' , but do not engage with specific financing mechanisms. Luzio acknowledges the challenge at a high level without addressing financing specifics.
A task force on financing for digital development has been convened with concrete recommendations expected by 2027, and the Partner2Connect goal of mobilising $100 billion by end of 2026 is within reach with $82 billion in pledges - Financing task force and pledges Countries need access to infrastructure, skills, financing, data, and emerging technologies in ways that genuinely advance sustainable development - Comprehensive resource access needed South Africa stands ready to work with all stakeholders to turn the renewed mandate into tangible outcomes for the billions still waiting to be meaningfully connected - Tangible outcomes for the excluded Egypt assumes the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum with a commitment to a phase of implementation, helping countries move from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability - Implementation-focused chairmanship The WSIS Plus 20 review demonstrated the international community's continued commitment to strengthening digital cooperation - International commitment reaffirmed
Ryder, Bogdan-Martin, and Luzio all agree on the importance of coherence between WSIS and other international frameworks, particularly the Global Digital Compact. However, they differ on the nature and status of this coherence. Ryder emphasises the joint implementation roadmap developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and regional commissions , framing it as a concrete path forward that must guide how work is organised , implying that coherence is still being built. Bogdan-Martin presents the mapping of GDC commitments into the 11 WSIS action lines as an accomplished fact , suggesting coherence is already substantially achieved and needs to be maintained rather than constructed. Luzio frames the WSIS process itself as the platform that enables coherence through multi-stakeholder dialogue , emphasising process over structural alignment.
A joint implementation roadmap for coherence between the Global Digital Compact and WSIS has been developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions - Joint implementation roadmap Every major Global Digital Compact commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines, and maintaining that alignment and building on synergies is essential - GDC and WSIS alignment The WSIS process provides a platform where governments, international organisations, the private sector, academia, technical community, and civil society come together to shape the digital future - Multi-stakeholder platform value
- The WSIS Forum 2026 marks the beginning of the third decade of the WSIS process, following the UN General Assembly's adoption of the WSIS Plus 20 outcome in December 2025, which renewed the WSIS mandate through to 2035 and re-energised the global digital cooperation community.
- Despite significant progress — with global internet use reaching 74% by end of 2025 and 5.5 billion people connected — approximately 2.2 to 2.6 billion people remain completely offline, with the digital divide disproportionately affecting Africa and developing countries. The divide has also evolved to encompass AI access, computing power, and data governance.
- Closing the $2.8 trillion financing gap for digital development is a critical priority. A task force on financing for digital development has been convened with recommendations expected by 2027, and the Partner2Connect goal of mobilising $100 billion by end of 2026 is within reach, with $82 billion already pledged.
- Artificial intelligence governance and capacity building are central concerns. The WSIS community is uniquely positioned to prevent a new AI divide from forming on top of existing digital divides, and governance frameworks must keep pace with AI's rapid reshaping of economic, political, and social realities.
- Coherence across the UN system is essential. Every major Global Digital Compact commitment has been mapped into the 11 WSIS action lines, and a joint implementation roadmap for coherence between the Global Digital Compact and WSIS has been developed by ITU, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, and the regional commissions.
- The WSIS process holds special significance for developing countries and the Global South, whose ambition is not merely to be connected to the digital economy but to actively shape it through local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services.
- The multi-stakeholder model — bringing together governments, industry, civil society, academia, and the technical community — remains the defining and indispensable feature of the WSIS process, with diversity of voices considered a condition for better decision-making rather than a formality.
- Egypt has assumed the chairmanship of the WSIS Forum 2026, building on South Africa's leadership during the pivotal WSIS Plus 20 review year, with a commitment to a phase of implementation focused on moving countries from connectivity to meaningful use and from access to real capability.
- National digital initiatives showcased by strategic partners — including Malaysia's ASEAN 5G Skills Framework, MCMC Five-Year Plan 2030, and Sebenarnya.my fact-checking portal, as well as the UAE's network resilience experience — demonstrate practical, people-centred approaches to digital development that can inform the broader WSIS community.
- The WSIS stocktaking platform now holds over 21,000 projects with over 55,000 participants engaged, serving as the operational engine that drives the Global Digital Compact and tracks measurable digital progress globally.
“Who would have thought 20 years on that those very same building blocks would be in even higher demand as we move from the information to the intelligent society?”
“The digital divide has not closed — in many ways it has simply changed its shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance.”
“The question before us today is no longer whether digital technology can support development. We know it can. The real question is whether the digital transformation of the coming decade will widen existing gaps or help close them.”
“Technology does not carry a moral direction on its own. It reflects the choices we make, the rules we set, and the partnerships we build.”
“AI increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities. Our governance frameworks, democratic safeguards, and established forms of international cooperation must therefore find effective ways to keep pace.”
“Our ambition is not only to be connected to the digital economy. It is to help shape it. It is to build local capacity, local content, local innovation, and trusted digital services that respond to our own development needs.”
“Connectivity comes first — before the apps, before the services, before the algorithms, there is the telecommunications infrastructure. It is the backbone of modern life... Telecom is not one sector among many. It is the foundation of them all.”
How do we ensure that AI advances in a way that strengthens trust, improves opportunity, and serves the public interest?
As AI increasingly shapes economic, political, systemic, and infrastructural realities, governance frameworks must keep pace. This question is central to the WSIS process and requires ongoing research into regulatory models, ethical frameworks, and international cooperation mechanisms.
How do we keep people at the centre of AI development and deployment?
As AI races ahead, there is a risk that human-centred values are deprioritised. This question calls for further research into AI governance models, human rights impact assessments, and inclusive design principles that ensure technology serves humanity rather than the reverse.
How can the $2.8 trillion financing gap for digital development be closed, and what concrete mechanisms will the task force on financing for digital development recommend by 2027?
The financing gap represents a critical barrier to universal connectivity and digital development. The task force's forthcoming recommendations require further research into innovative financing models, public-private partnerships, and multilateral funding mechanisms.
How can AI capacity be built globally to prevent a new digital divide from opening on top of existing ones?
As AI capabilities expand rapidly, there is a risk that countries already behind in digital development will fall further behind in AI adoption. Research is needed into capacity-building programmes, technology transfer mechanisms, and inclusive AI governance frameworks tailored to developing nations.
How can the WSIS Action Lines be fully aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Digital Compact to form one coherent framework rather than parallel tracks?
Fragmentation across international digital cooperation frameworks risks duplication of effort and confusion for member states. Further research and practical work is needed to map overlaps, identify gaps, and develop a unified implementation roadmap.
How can the digital divide be addressed given that it has changed shape, now running along contours of AI access, computing power, and data governance rather than simply connectivity?
The evolving nature of the digital divide means that previous metrics and interventions may be insufficient. Research is needed into new indicators of digital inequality, particularly around AI readiness, data sovereignty, and computing infrastructure access in developing countries.
How can e-waste and the environmental footprint of digital technologies, including the growing demand for data centres and AI computing infrastructure, be effectively managed?
The environmental impact of digital expansion is increasingly urgent. Further research is needed into sustainable infrastructure design, circular economy approaches to e-waste, and the effectiveness of initiatives such as the Secretary-General's AI Environmental Transparency Initiative.
How can the UN system avoid fragmentation and ensure coordinated, coherent support to member states across digital and AI-related mandates, platforms, and mechanisms?
Multiple UN bodies and mechanisms are working on digital and AI issues, creating a risk of competing mandates and confusion. Research into interagency coordination models and the practical implementation of the joint roadmap for coherence between the Global Digital Compact and WSIS is essential.
Will the digital transformation of the coming decade widen existing gaps or help close them, and what governance choices will determine the outcome?
This is identified as the central question facing the WSIS process going forward. Research is needed into the conditions under which digital transformation reduces rather than exacerbates inequality, including the role of policy choices, international cooperation, and local capacity development.
How can developing countries and the Global South move from merely being connected to the digital economy to actively shaping it through local capacity, content, innovation, and trusted digital services?
There is a distinction between passive digital inclusion and participation in shaping the digital economy. Further research is needed into models for building local digital ecosystems, supporting indigenous innovation, and ensuring that global digital governance reflects the priorities of the Global South.
How can the ASEAN 5G Skills Framework be adapted and applied to other regions seeking to strengthen digital skills, given the 12 high-priority skills gaps identified?
The framework identifies significant skills gaps across network infrastructure, cloud technologies, cybersecurity, AI, and data engineering. Research is needed into how this regional model can be scaled or adapted globally, and how identified gaps can be systematically addressed through education and training systems.
How can global network resilience be strengthened so that connectivity is maintained during crises such as subsea cable cuts or regional disruptions?
The UAE's experience of maintaining connectivity during regional crises highlights the importance of network resilience as a development issue. Further research is needed into infrastructure redundancy, international cooperation on network security, and best practices for resilient telecommunications systems.
How can the rapid spread of misinformation be effectively countered at scale, and what governance models for national fact-checking platforms can be shared internationally?
Malaysia's Sebenarnya.my platform has recorded over 439 million views, indicating strong public demand for verified information. Research is needed into the scalability of such platforms, their governance structures, and how similar initiatives could be implemented in other national contexts while preserving independence and public trust.
How can meaningful connectivity be achieved for the 2.2 billion people still completely offline, given that affordability, relevant content, and digital skills remain stubborn barriers?
Multiple speakers highlighted that connecting the remaining offline population requires more than infrastructure investment. Research is needed into demand-side barriers, locally relevant content development, last-mile connectivity solutions, and integrated approaches that combine infrastructure with skills and affordability interventions.
