WSIS Forum 2026
Rapport généré par l'IA

High-Level Dialogue: Connecting Communities, Unlocking Futures: Strengthening Digital Connectivity for Refugees and Host Communities

10 intervenants
Résumé

Résumé

Ce dialogue de haut niveau, animé par Dominique Hyde du HCR , portait sur l'avancement de la connectivité numérique pour les réfugiés et leurs communautés d'accueil, centré sur l'initiative « Connectivity for Refugees   lancée lors du Forum mondial sur les réfugiés en 2023 . Avec environ 118 millions de personnes déplacées dans le monde , Dominique Hyde a souligné que le déplacement est rarement de courte durée et que l'objectif du HCR est de réduire de 50 % la dépendance des réfugiés à l'aide humanitaire d'ici 2035, dans le cadre de son programme phare « 50 by 35 » . Deux témoignages de réfugiés ont apporté un éclairage direct et saisissant. Mohamed Moussa, étudiant en médecine déplacé du Soudan et vivant désormais dans un camp à l'est du Tchad, a décrit comment la connectivité lui a permis de suivre des cours universitaires en ligne et de travailler comme facilitateur numérique, aidant d'autres réfugiés à comprendre qu'Internet offre de véritables opportunités au-delà des réseaux sociaux . Aziz Hazizi, fondateur de la première entreprise privée appartenant à un réfugié en Éthiopie, a soutenu que la connectivité est le fondement, mais que l'opportunité en est le véritable résultat, soulignant que les réfugiés possèdent talent et ambition, mais manquent souvent d'accès aux outils permettant à ces qualités de s'épanouir . Les panélistes institutionnels ont présenté des rôles complémentaires. Le Dr Cosmas Zavazava de l'UIT a soutenu que les besoins d'un réfugié ne diffèrent pas de ceux de n'importe quel citoyen local, et que les régulateurs nationaux devraient intégrer les réfugiés dans leurs mandats de connectivité . Crystal Rugege a décrit l'approche rwandaise reposant sur trois piliers, identité, compétences et confiance, notant que 92 % des ménages de réfugiés possèdent un téléphone mobile et que des identités numériques sont déployées dans les camps . Max Lamesch a expliqué que l'implication du Luxembourg est née de son expertise en infrastructure satellitaire et de son expérience en matière de réponse aux urgences, avec une contribution de 2 millions d'euros en espèces, en plus de la mise à disposition de technologies . Les représentants du secteur privé ont insisté sur la nécessité d'une collaboration intersectorielle. John Giusti de la GSMA a souligné que le coût des appareils demeure le principal obstacle à la connectivité à l'échelle mondiale , tandis qu'Erin Connor de Cisco a décrit un partenariat de 11 ans avec le HCR couvrant plus de 20 pays, fondé sur un engagement commun et la confiance plutôt que sur des transactions ponctuelles . Gerardo Franco de Microsoft a insisté sur le fait que la connectivité est une rampe d'accès, non une ligne d'arrivée, et que la transition en cours vers l'IA pourrait soit creuser, soit réduire la fracture numérique . La discussion s'est conclue par un large consensus selon lequel aucun acteur seul ne peut combler le fossé de connectivité , et qu'une inclusion véritable nécessite des investissements coordonnés entre gouvernements, secteur privé, organisations internationales et communautés de réfugiés elles-mêmes, le succès se mesurant non pas au nombre de personnes connectées, mais aux opportunités débloquées grâce à cette connexion .

Points clés
  • Points clés

  • Objectif général

  • La discussion, axée sur l'avancement de la connectivité numérique pour les réfugiés et leurs communautés d'accueil, était organisée par le HCR et l'UIT. L'objectif central était de présenter les progrès réalisés dans le cadre de l'initiative « Connectivity for Refugees », de partager les expériences vécues par les réfugiés eux-mêmes, et de mobiliser l'engagement de parties prenantes multiples - gouvernements, secteur privé et organisations internationales - pour élargir l'inclusion numérique significative et transformer la connectivité en opportunités économiques et sociales concrètes.
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  • Principaux points de discussion

  • L'ampleur du déplacement et l'importance stratégique de la connectivité numérique : Avec 118 millions de personnes déplacées dans le monde, le HCR a présenté la connectivité non pas simplement comme un outil humanitaire, mais comme un levier structurel d'autonomie, d'inclusion économique et de dignité. L'engagement « 50 by 35 » du HCR : réduire de 50 % la dépendance des réfugiés à l'aide humanitaire d'ici 2035, a été présenté comme le contexte stratégique global dans lequel s'inscrit la connectivité. La connectivité a été décrite comme un socle pour l'éducation, la santé, les services financiers et les moyens de subsistance. - Les expériences vécues par des réfugiés illustrant le potentiel transformateur de la connectivité : Mohamed Moussa, étudiant en médecine dans un camp de réfugiés à l'est du Tchad, a décrit comment l'accès à un centre d'apprentissage numérique lui a permis de poursuivre ses études universitaires en ligne et de devenir facilitateur pour aider d'autres personnes à acquérir une « conscience numérique ». Aziz Hazizi, fondateur de la première entreprise appartenant à un réfugié en Éthiopie, a expliqué comment les outils numériques lui ont permis de mettre en relation apprenants, éducateurs et communautés, et a affirmé que « la connectivité est le fondement, mais l'opportunité est le résultat ». Les deux intervenants ont souligné que les réfugiés ne manquent ni de talent ni d'ambition - ce qui fait défaut, c'est l'accès aux opportunités. - Le modèle multipartite du « village » comme seule voie viable vers le passage à l'échelle : Plusieurs panélistes ont insisté sur le fait qu'aucun acteur seul ne peut combler le fossé de connectivité. Le Dr Cosmas Zavazava de l'UIT a soutenu que les besoins d'un réfugié sont identiques à ceux d'un membre de la communauté d'accueil locale, et que les régulateurs doivent intégrer les réfugiés dans les statistiques et obligations nationales de connectivité. Max Lamesch du Luxembourg a expliqué comment l'infrastructure satellitaire du pays, née d'une réponse d'urgence après le tremblement de terre de 2010 en Haïti, a évolué vers un modèle de partenariat à long terme, apportant à la fois des financements et des technologies. John Giusti de la GSMA a mis en avant le rôle indispensable du secteur privé et la nécessité d'une politique gouvernementale cohérente, notant que 73 % des réfugiés au Soudan du Sud possèdent déjà un appareil mobile. Erin Connor de Cisco a décrit un partenariat de 11 ans couvrant 20 pays avec le HCR, fondé sur la confiance et un engagement commun plutôt que sur des relations transactionnelles. - Le Rwanda comme modèle de politique numérique inclusive : Crystal Rugege a présenté l'approche rwandaise reposant sur trois piliers : identité, compétences et confiance, comme cadre permettant l'inclusion numérique des réfugiés. Avec 70 % des réfugiés détenteurs d'une pièce d'identité délivrée par le gouvernement, 92 % des ménages de réfugiés possédant un téléphone mobile, et une personne sur cinq dans les camps exerçant un travail numérique rémunéré, le Rwanda a démontré que l'inclusion est un choix politique ancré dans la conception des systèmes plutôt qu'une initiative distincte. La loi rwandaise sur la protection des données couvre explicitement toutes les personnes relevant de sa juridiction, y compris les réfugiés. - L'obstacle du coût des appareils et le risque de fracture liée à l'IA : Les panélistes ont convergé sur le coût des appareils et des données comme obstacles les plus critiques à une connectivité significative. John Giusti a averti que la hausse des coûts de la mémoire pourrait inverser les progrès déjà accomplis, et a appelé à une action collective soutenue. Gerardo Franco de Microsoft a présenté l'IA comme une technologie susceptible soit de creuser, soit de réduire le fossé, affirmant que le moment actuel exige des investissements délibérés pour que la technologie serve ceux qui en ont le plus besoin. Le message central était que la connectivité est « la rampe d'accès, non la ligne d'arrivée », et que le succès doit se mesurer à l'aune des emplois créés, des entreprises développées et des vies sécurisées - et non simplement au nombre de personnes connectées.
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  • Ton général

  • Le ton tout au long de la discussion était empreint d'espoir, collaboratif et orienté vers l'action, avec une note d'urgence sous-jacente. La vidéo d'introduction et les premières remarques de Dominique Hyde ont établi un registre à la fois compatissant et sérieux, reconnaissant les dures réalités auxquelles font face les populations déplacées. Cette tonalité a cédé la place à une section centrale inspirante et chargée d'émotion lors des prises de parole de Mohamed Moussa et Aziz Hazizi, dont les témoignages ont suscité un enthousiasme visible parmi les panélistes. Le segment des experts a maintenu un ton constructif et axé sur les solutions, les intervenants s'appuyant mutuellement sur leurs propos plutôt que de débattre. Aucune tension n'était perceptible ; au contraire, le dialogue a renforcé un sentiment de mission partagée. Vers la clôture, le ton est devenu mobilisateur et tourné vers l'avenir, les panélistes lançant des appels à l'action et réaffirmant la nécessité d'un engagement collectif et durable.
Intervenants
VP
Video presentation
89 wpm · 2 min
MM
Mohamed Moussa
137 wpm · 5 min
AH
Aziz Hazizi
108 wpm · 5 min
GF
Gerardo Franco
153 wpm · 3 min
DH
Dominique Hyde
149 wpm · 23 min
DC
Dr. Cosmas Zavazava
145 wpm · 3 min
CR
Crystal Rugeje
169 wpm · 5 min
ML
Max Lamesch
151 wpm · 4 min
JG
John Giusti
187 wpm · 4 min
EC
Erin Connor
149 wpm · 4 min

Dialogue sur la connectivité numérique pour les réfugiés et les communautés d'accueil

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Contexte d'ouverture et cadrage stratégique

Le dialogue, organisé conjointement par le HCR et l'UIT, était animé par Dominique Hyde, Directrice des Relations Extérieures du HCR . Son objectif central était de faire avancer l'initiative « Connectivité pour les Réfugiés », de présenter les progrès accomplis depuis son lancement et de mobiliser un engagement multi-parties prenantes durable en faveur d'une inclusion numérique significative pour les populations déplacées et leurs communautés d'accueil . La session s'est ouverte par une présentation vidéo établissant les enjeux moraux et pratiques de la discussion, affirmant que le besoin de connexion accompagne les personnes déplacées, que la connectivité peut servir de bouée de sauvetage, et qu'atteindre chaque réfugié nécessite d'agir ensemble « à travers les secteurs, les frontières et les mentalités » . La vidéo faisait également référence à l'ambition commune de connecter 20 millions de réfugiés et membres de communautés d'accueil d'ici 2030 , le Luxembourg étant mis en avant comme partenaire contribuant à la fois au financement et à la technologie satellitaire pour desservir les zones reculées .

Dominique Hyde a ouvert la session en contextualisant l'ampleur du défi : environ 118 millions de personnes - soit une personne sur 70 dans le monde - sont actuellement déplacées . Elle a souligné que le déplacement est rarement de courte durée, qu'il est prolongé et dure souvent de nombreuses années, et que le défi majeur réside dans les possibilités extrêmement limitées offertes aux personnes déplacées pour reconstruire leur vie dans la dignité . De manière cruciale, le HCR ne considère pas cela comme un problème purement humanitaire. Il requiert des interventions structurées impliquant les systèmes nationaux, l'inclusion économique et la cohésion sociale, avec un accent sur l'autonomisation des personnes . Cette orientation stratégique s'est incarnée dans le nouveau programme phare du HCR, « 50 by 35 », qui représente l'engagement de réduire de 50 % la dépendance des réfugiés à l'aide humanitaire d'ici 2035 . Dominique Hyde a décrit la connectivité comme le socle de l'éducation, des soins de santé, des services financiers et des moyens de subsistance, permettant aux personnes de rester informées, de maintenir des liens familiaux et de s'engager avec les institutions et les activités économiques , tout en reconnaissant que le défi va bien au-delà du simple fait de posséder un téléphone : il englobe l'accessibilité financière, la cybersécurité et l'accès à une connectivité rapide et fiable . Elle a également évoqué le programme « Aiming Higher » du HCR, qui offre des bourses complètes aux réfugiés dans l'enseignement supérieur - que ce soit dans leur pays de résidence ou ailleurs - y compris dans des écoles technologiques, des collèges et des universités, comme exemple concret de la façon dont l'accès numérique peut être lié à des parcours éducatifs structurés .

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Témoignages de réfugiés : Mohamed Moussa et Aziz Hazizi

Les contributions les plus émouvantes de la session sont venues de deux réfugiés participant en ligne. Mohamed Moussa, étudiant en médecine ayant fui le Soudan et vivant désormais dans un camp de réfugiés à l'est du Tchad, a décrit comment la connectivité a transformé ce qui semblait impossible en réalité . Ayant initialement étudié la médecine à l'Université Al-Faz au Soudan, il est arrivé au camp en craignant d'avoir perdu son avenir académique, mais a découvert le Centre d'Apprentissage Numérique (DLC), d'abord en tant qu'étudiant, puis en tant qu'animateur salarié . Grâce à la connectivité, il a pu continuer à suivre ses cours de médecine en ligne via l'Université Al-Faz et s'est également inscrit à un cours avancé de santé communautaire proposé en ligne par l'Université de Genève, mettant ses connaissances au service de sa communauté . Il a observé que presque tout le monde dans le camp possède un smartphone, mais que la plupart des gens ne savent pas l'utiliser efficacement . Le rôle premier du DLC, a-t-il expliqué, n'est pas simplement de fournir un accès à internet, mais « d'ouvrir les esprits au monde », en aidant les réfugiés à comprendre que l'Internet offre de véritables opportunités au-delà du simple défilement des réseaux sociaux . Il a décrit un accent particulier mis sur les jeunes qui viennent d'obtenir leur baccalauréat et qui, sans cela, resteraient inactifs à attendre la fin de la guerre au Soudan, et pour qui les diplômes universitaires en ligne représentent une véritable voie d'avenir .

Aziz Hazizi, fondateur et PDG du Shama Institute for Cultural Exchange - décrit comme la première société à responsabilité limitée en Éthiopie entièrement détenue et dirigée par un réfugié - a offert une perspective complémentaire ancrée dans l'entrepreneuriat. Il a expliqué que Shama avait été délibérément structurée comme une entreprise sociale plutôt que comme une ONG, car la durabilité à long terme repose sur l'autonomie, l'opportunité et la dignité . Avec le soutien du HCR Éthiopie, d'autres partenaires et du gouvernement éthiopien, Shama a créé un écosystème dans lequel les réfugiés ne sont pas seulement bénéficiaires d'un soutien, mais contribuent activement à leurs communautés et économies . S'appuyant sur sa propre expérience en tant que réfugié yéménite confronté à des obstacles linguistiques, informationnels, relationnels et de mobilité, Aziz Hazizi a noté qu'il avait commencé sa carrière comme interprète en arabe - une opportunité qui, selon ses propres mots, « lui a ouvert la porte et le monde » - avant de fonder le Shama Institute . Grâce aux outils numériques, Shama a mis en relation des apprenants, des éducateurs, des interprètes et des communautés dans différents lieux et contextes . Son argument central - qui est devenu le fil conducteur de l'ensemble du panel - était que « la connectivité est le fondement, mais l'opportunité est le résultat » . Il a souligné qu'une connectivité significative permet aux personnes d'acquérir de nouvelles compétences, de trouver du travail, de créer des entreprises, d'accéder à de nouveaux marchés et de participer pleinement à la société , et que les réfugiés ne manquent ni de talent ni d'ambition ; ce qui fait souvent défaut, c'est l'accès aux opportunités permettant à ces talents de s'épanouir .

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La Perspective de l'UIT : l'accès universel comme obligation réglementaire

Dr. Cosmas Zavazava, Directeur du Bureau de Développement des Télécommunications de l'UIT, a apporté la contribution structurellement la plus provocatrice de la session. Il a soutenu que l'UIT, avec ses 194 États membres et plus d'un millier de membres issus du secteur privé, de l'industrie et du monde académique, estime que l'accès universel et significatif s'applique à tous - y compris aux personnes déplacées à l'intérieur de leur propre pays et aux réfugiés . Il a remis en question la nécessité de traiter la connexion des réfugiés comme une démarche distincte si l'harmonie et la coexistence existent déjà entre les communautés d'accueil et les réfugiés, affirmant que « ce dont un réfugié a besoin, c'est ce dont le pays hôte local a besoin » . Pour illustrer le potentiel extraordinaire que portent les réfugiés, il a évoqué une bannière dont il se souvenait de ses années d'études : « Einstein était un réfugié » - un rappel, a-t-il soutenu, que les régulateurs ont l'obligation de connecter les réfugiés précisément en raison des contributions remarquables qu'ils peuvent apporter lorsqu'on leur en donne l'occasion . Il est allé plus loin, suggérant que le HCR devrait envisager d'inciter les États membres à revoir la Convention de 1951 relative aux réfugiés afin de garantir que les droits et services disponibles pour les communautés d'accueil soient également garantis aux réfugiés . Il a également soutenu que les statistiques nationales sur la connectivité devraient explicitement inclure les réfugiés, ce qui faciliterait un engagement plus productif avec les investisseurs du secteur privé et les responsables gouvernementaux . En référençant l'exemple du camp de réfugiés de Zaatari, où il a observé des réfugiés participant à des compétitions de robotique et à des activités entrepreneuriales, il a illustré le potentiel qui se libère lorsque les réfugiés bénéficient des mêmes opportunités que les citoyens . Dominique Hyde a répondu avec diplomatie mais fermeté, déclarant qu'elle ne serait pas d'accord pour rouvrir la Convention de 1951, tout en reconnaissant que « peut-être quelques changements » pourraient être envisagés - un moment notable de tension institutionnelle dans une discussion par ailleurs très consensuelle.

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Le modèle rwandais à trois piliers : identité, compétences et confiance

Crystal Rugeje, Directrice Générale au Rwanda du Centre pour la Quatrième Révolution Industrielle, a présenté l'approche rwandaise de l'inclusion numérique des réfugiés comme organisée autour de trois piliers : l'identité, les compétences et la confiance . Sur la question de l'identité, elle a noté qu'environ 70 % des réfugiés au Rwanda détiennent des pièces d'identité délivrées par le gouvernement, qui donnent accès à 240 services gouvernementaux hébergés en ligne, ainsi qu'à des services financiers et à un emploi formel . Il est essentiel de noter qu'il ne s'agit pas d'un système parallèle, mais bien du même système que celui utilisé par tous les citoyens rwandais. . Le Rwanda progresse désormais vers les identités numériques, l'Agence nationale d'identification enregistrant activement les réfugiés au camp de Mahama avec pour objectif d'achever l'enregistrement complet d'ici la fin de l'année . Crystal Rugege a décrit l'identité numérique comme un « effet multiplicateur », permettant la vérification instantanée, les exigences KYC pour les banques et l'accès à une gamme croissante de services en ligne . En conséquence, 92 % des ménages de réfugiés possèdent un téléphone mobile et environ deux tiers utilisent des services de paiement mobile .

Dominique Hyde a enrichi ce tableau en racontant une visite au camp de Mahama, où elle a rencontré un jeune homme nommé Jackson qui, ayant récemment eu accès à un ordinateur et à des outils de codage, était déjà en train de construire une plateforme web pour mettre en relation les compétences des réfugiés avec des opportunités d'emploi - une illustration concrète de ce qui devient possible lorsque l'accès numérique se combine avec l'ingéniosité individuelle . Elle a également noté que l'école du camp accueille 80 % d'élèves réfugiés et 20 % d'élèves rwandais, reflétant l'approche véritablement intégrée du Rwanda en matière d'éducation .

Sur la question des compétences, Crystal Rugege a reconnu que disposer d'une connectivité sans capacité ne constitue pas une véritable inclusion . Les données provenant des cinq camps du Rwanda ont montré que seulement 38 % des réfugiés utilisent actuellement Internet, confirmant que la possession d'appareils dépasse l'utilisation significative . Le Rwanda a répondu en investissant dans une pyramide de compétences : formation à la littératie numérique dans les camps, compétences d'apprentissage menant à l'emploi pour les jeunes et les femmes, programmes de codage, d'IA et d'entrepreneuriat, avec environ une personne sur cinq dans les camps effectuant désormais un travail numérique rémunéré . Au sommet de cette pyramide, la Carnegie Mellon University Africa - dont le seul campus africain se trouve à Kigali - propose des masters en ingénierie et en IA avec des bourses réservées aux réfugiés, leur permettant de devenir créateurs de technologie plutôt que simples utilisateurs . Sur la question de la confiance, Crystal Rugege a mis en avant la loi rwandaise de 2021 sur la protection des données et la vie privée, qui couvre explicitement toutes les personnes relevant de la juridiction du pays, y compris les réfugiés, garantissant que les plus vulnérables sont protégés dans l'utilisation de leurs données . Elle a conclu que l'inclusion est « un choix politique avant de parler d'investissement et d'infrastructure », et que lorsque les gouvernements intègrent l'inclusion des réfugiés dans la conception de tous les systèmes et lois dès le départ, les partenariats et les investissements suivent .

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Le partenariat évolutif du Luxembourg : de la réponse d'urgence à l'engagement à long terme

Max Lamesch, Directeur des Affaires Humanitaires au Département des Affaires Étrangères et Européennes du Luxembourg, a retracé les origines de l'implication du Luxembourg dans la connectivité des réfugiés à l'identité du pays en tant que petite nation enclavée qui a développé une industrie satellitaire dans les années 1970 comme bouée de sauvetage . À la suite du tremblement de terre en Haïti en 2010, lorsque les réseaux de communication se sont effondrés et que la coordination humanitaire a été gravement entravée, le Luxembourg a développé Emergency.lu - un outil de communication par satellite déployable partout dans le monde pour rétablir la connectivité après des catastrophes soudaines . Au fil du temps, l'outil a évolué vers des opérations dans environ 80 contextes humanitaires à travers le monde, d'Haïti à la République centrafricaine en passant par les Tonga . Le Luxembourg travaille également sur le volet préventif, en aidant les opérateurs locaux à renforcer leur résilience .

Cette expérience a conduit le Luxembourg à réfléchir au-delà de la seule réponse d'urgence vers des approches plus durables, l'amenant à co-fonder l'initiative Connectivité pour les Réfugiés avec l'UNICEF et la GSMA . Le Luxembourg a contribué à hauteur de 2 millions en espèces ainsi qu'avec des terminaux satellitaires - dont ceux visibles dans la vidéo d'ouverture depuis Farchana au Tchad - démontrant comment la communication par satellite peut créer les conditions pour le type d'opportunités décrites par Mohamed Moussa et Aziz Hazizi . Max Lamesch a confirmé que le Luxembourg entend poursuivre ce soutien dans le cadre d'un nouveau partenariat de cadre financier pluriannuel avec le HCR, dont la signature est prévue en septembre .

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Le rôle du secteur privé : GSMA, Cisco et Microsoft

John Giusti, Président de la Fondation et Directeur Réglementaire de la GSMA - l'association mondiale de l'industrie mobile - a soutenu que c'est le secteur privé qui investit dans la connectivité, que ce soit à travers les réseaux mobiles au sol ou les satellites dans le ciel, et que son inclusion dès le début des initiatives est donc essentielle . Il a décrit la valeur de rassembler des opérateurs mobiles tels qu'Airtel et MOOV, des ministères gouvernementaux et des agences humanitaires au Tchad pour discuter d'ambitions communes et identifier les obstacles, notant que si toutes les parties peuvent partager le même objectif, elles ne parlent pas toujours le même langage . Il a cité des recherches de la GSMA montrant que 73 % des réfugiés au Soudan du Sud possèdent déjà un appareil mobile, faisant de l'autonomisation de l'utilisation le défi principal plutôt que la couverture . Il a également présenté des données mondiales montrant que si 96 % de la population mondiale est couverte par Internet mobile, trois milliards de personnes restent non connectées, le coût des appareils étant identifié comme le principal obstacle, et de loin . Il a averti que la hausse des coûts de la mémoire pourrait inverser les progrès déjà accomplis et a appelé à une action collective continue . Il a également souligné l'importance des leviers politiques gouvernementaux, déclarant qu'« on ne peut pas avoir une connectivité efficace sans bonne politique gouvernementale » .

Erin Connor, Directrice de Cisco Crisis Response, a apporté une perspective longitudinale sur le partenariat intersectoriel. Cisco a travaillé pour la première fois avec le HCR en 2015, déployant une connectivité d'urgence initialement pour les agences de réponse humanitaire, puis pivotant rapidement pour servir les réfugiés eux-mêmes - notamment ceux arrivant sur les côtes grecques avec des smartphones, cherchant du Wi-Fi pour contacter leurs proches . Cela a marqué le début de ce qui est aujourd'hui un partenariat de 11 ans couvrant plus de 20 pays . Erin Connor a soutenu que ce qui rend un partenariat intersectoriel véritablement significatif plutôt que transactionnel est un engagement partagé et une vision commune, construits au fil du temps grâce à la confiance . Elle a décrit comment cette relation approfondie a permis à Cisco de passer de déploiements ponctuels à la fourniture de financements, de formations, d'assistance technique et de technologie, et plus récemment à l'intégration de son programme de formation ICT de la Networking Academy dans les centres d'apprentissage numérique - y compris, a-t-elle noté, celui depuis lequel Mohamed Moussa avait participé ce jour-là . Son principal enseignement de la session était l'effet multiplicateur observé lorsque l'opportunité et l'accès se combinent avec l'ingéniosité individuelle, produisant un impact non seulement sur les vies individuelles mais sur des communautés entières .

Gerardo Franco, Directeur des Partenariats Mondiaux pour la main-d'œuvre chez Microsoft Elevate, a ancré la participation de Microsoft à l'initiative dans la mission fondamentale de l'entreprise : permettre à chaque personne et organisation sur la planète d'accomplir davantage . Il a soutenu que lorsqu'une personne sur 70 est déplacée de force, Microsoft ne peut prétendre être à la hauteur de cette mission . Il a présenté la connectivité comme « la rampe d'accès, pas la ligne d'arrivée », et a soutenu qu'un signal n'est significatif que lorsqu'il crée des opportunités de compétences, d'apprentissage, de moyens de subsistance et de sécurité . Il a proposé un cadre pour comprendre les contributions distinctes des différents acteurs : « Si vous voulez aller vite, vous allez avec le secteur privé. Si vous voulez aller loin, vous allez avec les gouvernements. Si vous voulez aller en profondeur, vous allez avec les organisations internationales et les organisations de base qui sont sur le terrain dans les camps. Si vous voulez avancer de manière durable et faire bouger les lignes, vous avez besoin de cette approche de la triple hélice » . Il a également soulevé l'urgence du tournant de l'IA, avertissant que la transformation technologique actuelle pourrait soit élargir soit réduire la fracture numérique, et soutenant que c'est maintenant le moment de faire des investissements délibérés pour s'assurer que la technologie serve ceux qui en ont le plus besoin . Microsoft s'est engagé à continuer d'apporter ses programmes de formation, sa technologie et ses réseaux à l'initiative en partenariat avec la GSMA, le HCR et l'UIT .

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Domaines de consensus et tensions constructives

À travers l'ensemble des contributions, plusieurs domaines de fort consensus ont émergé. Tous les intervenants ont convenu que la connectivité seule est insuffisante sans compétences numériques, accessibilité financière et lien avec de véritables opportunités . Tous ont affirmé qu'aucun acteur seul ne peut combler le fossé de la connectivité et que la collaboration multi-parties prenantes est essentielle . Tous ont reconnu que les réfugiés sont des contributeurs actifs dotés de talent et d'ambition, et non des bénéficiaires passifs de l'aide . Et tous ont approuvé la mesure du succès par les résultats - emploi, création d'entreprises, accès aux marchés - plutôt que par le nombre de personnes connectées .

Sous cette surface consensuelle, cependant, plusieurs tensions substantielles étaient visibles. La plus notable était l'appel du Dr. Zavazava à revoir la Convention de 1951 relative aux réfugiés - au motif que les réfugiés devraient bénéficier des mêmes droits et services que les membres de la communauté d'accueil - que Dominique Hyde a fermement refusé d'approuver, déclarant qu'elle ne serait pas d'accord pour rouvrir la Convention tout en laissant ouverte la possibilité que « peut-être quelques changements » pourraient être envisagés . Une deuxième tension concernait le principal obstacle à la connectivité : John Giusti a mis l'accent sur le coût des appareils comme le plus grand obstacle à l'échelle mondiale , tandis que Crystal Rugege et Mohamed Moussa ont pointé l'écart entre la possession d'appareils et l'utilisation significative, suggérant que la littératie et les capacités numériques sont tout aussi essentielles . Une troisième tension, plus subtile, existait entre les cadres humanitaire et de développement : le récit d'Erin Connor sur les origines de Cisco dans la réponse d'urgence côtoyait l'insistance de Dominique Hyde et d'Aziz Hazizi sur le fait que l'objectif réel est l'autonomie économique à long terme et la réduction de la dépendance humanitaire .

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Réflexions finales et engagements pour l'avenir

Dans leurs remarques de clôture, les panélistes ont convergé vers un ensemble de priorités claires. Crystal Rugege a appelé à investir dans la réduction du coût des appareils et des données comme les deux interventions les plus susceptibles d'avoir un impact significatif . Max Lamesch a réaffirmé que l'avenir des solutions durables réside dans l'approche multi-parties prenantes, décrivant l'initiative Connectivité pour les Réfugiés comme l'un des rares exemples où un engagement privé véritable et croissant est maintenu sur le long terme . John Giusti a réitéré l'importance de ne pas tenir la connectivité pour acquise et de continuer à investir et à collaborer . Erin Connor est revenue sur les témoignages de Mohamed Moussa et d'Aziz Hazizi comme principal enseignement à retenir, soulignant l'effet multiplicateur de la combinaison de l'accès avec l'ingéniosité individuelle . Gerardo Franco a offert une synthèse succincte : « La connectivité est le point de départ, pas la destination. L'objectif est une compétence, un emploi, une entreprise, une vie plus sûre. Et si nous concevons cela dès le premier jour, alors l'accès devient opportunité » .

Dominique Hyde a clôturé la session en affirmant que ce que le panel avait démontré était un succès construit sur le partenariat à tous les niveaux - des réfugiés et des communautés d'accueil aux gouvernements hôtes, à l'industrie, à l'ONU et aux donateurs bilatéraux tels que le Luxembourg . Elle a réitéré l'idée selon laquelle « il faut tout un village », qui avait été présente tout au long de la discussion , et a appelé toutes les personnes présentes dans la salle à apporter un soutien supplémentaire, en soulignant que tout ce qui reste figé finit par devenir obsolète et que l'initiative doit sans cesse évoluer, apprendre et rendre tout plus accessible . L'initiative Connectivité pour les Réfugiés, qui avait atteint plus d'un million de personnes avec un meilleur accès à la connectivité en moins de trois ans depuis son lancement au Forum mondial sur les réfugiés de 2023 , a été présentée non pas comme un projet achevé mais comme une coalition croissante et évolutive avec un objectif ambitieux de 20 millions de personnes d'ici 2030 - et avec la volonté collective des gouvernements, des organisations internationales, des partenaires du secteur privé et des réfugiés eux-mêmes pour y parvenir.

Video presentation
Their need to connect goes with them. Connectivity can be a lifeline for the community. It also enables us to keep pace with the scale and urgency of needs. Is the network also networks? But thank God, the network is strong. Thank God, the phone and internet are good. He has no words. ...on our shared ambition of connecting 20 million refugees and the communities that host them by 2030. Luxembourg is not only supporting the initiative by funding as a traditional donor, but we are also helping with technology to provide the service in these remote areas. Your commitment can support refugees and displaced persons here in Chad, across Africa, and all around the world. To reach every refugee, we need to act together across sectors, across borders, and across mindsets. Let's make sure no one is left offline.
Dominique Hyde
Good afternoon. Thank you, everybody. My name is Dominique Hyde, and I am the Director of External Relations at UNHCR. Thank you so much for joining us. Thank you so much for joining us today. at the high -level dialogue on connecting communities, unlocking futures, and obviously strengthening digital connectivity for refugees and their host communities. It's a privilege to be able to moderate today, and I look forward to hopefully having an engaging conversations with all of you. As many of you know, 2026 has been a challenging year. We have seen a bit of a breather. We've seen a decrease in the number of people that are displaced around the world, but the numbers are still incredibly high. 118 million people on this planet, or one in 70 that are displaced around this earth. So unfortunately for many of these people that are displaced, it's not a short -term situation. It's a prolonged one. It's not temporary. And unfortunately, it lasts many years. The biggest challenge is that there are very limited opportunities to rebuild their lives and create dignity for themselves. So for us at UNHCR, we do not see this only as a humanitarian challenge. It needs structured interventions, which you're going to hear about today, with national systems, economic inclusion, social cohesion. And we need to focus on enabling people to contribute and become self -reliant. At UNHCR, we have a new flagship. It's called 50 by 35. And it's basically our pledge to refugees that by 2035, we will have decreased their dependency on humanitarian aid by 50 percent. So on this, and with no further ado, I'd like to jump in with our first group of panelists. And to speak about connectivity. digital services, and what role do they have to play in the life of refugees and host communities. Connectivity underpins education, health care, financial services, livelihoods. It enables people to stay informed, stay connected to family, engage with institutions and economic activities. And honestly, it's part of what modern society is more and more about. You just saw pictures here of Chad. Recently I was in Chad, and you see people moving across the border with their phones. I've just come back last week from Rwanda and Burundi, same thing. But it's a lot more complex than just having your phone. And if you take Ethiopia, what we know about Ethiopia is that only or less than 40 % of the refugees have told us that they are having absenteeism. Access to... connectivity in terms of them versus their hosts. And it's not just about infrastructure. It's about affordability. It's about connectivity, about cybersecurity and access to fast and reliable connectivity. So as I've been telling a few colleagues, for me, it takes a village. It's not just about UNHCR. It's about partners like ITU, like GSMA that you just heard from, government of Luxembourg, who's here in the room, and UNHCR and private sector and refugees at the center of it all. So in 2025, we came together at the Global Refugee, in 2023, sorry, we came together at the Global Refugee Forum to launch connectivity for refugees to advance practical and scalable solutions. And in less than three years, we have over 1 million people who have been involved in the global refugee forum. And we have over 1 million people who have advanced their connectivity access. So how do we move forward to actually increase that number? So let's start with our two participants who are online here with us today to hear about the challenges and the opportunities, but also about what are your ambitions. So we have here, I'd like to first welcome Mr. Mohamed Moussa, who is a medical student who fled Sudan, who is now living in a refugee camp in eastern Chad, and he was displaced by the terrible conflict taking place in Sudan. And he's been committed to pursuing his education, his medical education with Université de Genève here, but all online, and we're going to hear more about that. But not only is he pursuing his degree, he's also an incredible facilitator for the community in terms of digital inclusion, and we'll hear more about that in a second. So he works in the digital space. And Mr. Aziz Hazizi, who... also has an incredible story. He is the founder and CEO of Sharma Institute for Cultural Exchange. It's the first private limited company in Ethiopia fully owned and led by a refugee, the first of its kind. So a big congratulation to you, Mr. Aziz Hazizi. He works on many different funds, different accesses. He is working on language access. He's working on entrepreneurship. He's working on digital inclusion and also not just for refugees, but also for the host communities. So with no further ado, let's start with hearing their voices and hearing about their experiences and opportunities. So Mohamed and Aziz, really sorry that you couldn't be with us here in Geneva, but so glad you were patient and you joined us online. So Mohamed, let's start. Let's start with you. You're completing, as I said, your medical degree at Université de Genève, but online, and you're also a facilitator helping others access digital learning. Can you just tell us how did this happen? Can you tell us what opportunities has this brought to you? Over to you, Mohamed. Go ahead, Mohamed.
Mohamed Moussa
Can you hear us? Yes, I can hear you. Okay. Hello, everybody, and thank you so much for having us with you. Yeah, we are actually far, but due to connectivity, actually. Thank you for everyone who has worked on this. Thanks UNHCR. Thanks other partners for providing connectivity. equally actually I can say now due to connectivity you can do things that seem impossible I haven't ever thought of maybe one day I'll talk to people in Geneva but now I'm doing this this all due to giving connectivity so I am a significant early in chat now I'm working in the digital learning center here as a facilitator and also I am still following my university studies actually I study medicine in Al -Faz University Sudan but the course I took in Geneva University is advanced course on community health so this was all because of connectivity when I came to Udemy Camp I almost felt like I have lost the campus but after I heard about the DLC I I originally started as a student I was a student there was no chance for me so I started as a student and then I searched here and there until I was hired as a facilitator and this opened really a lot of opportunities for me. I can now follow my courses online, register in any other courses online and also this is a great chance for me to use my experience and my knowledge to provide my community. Yes, young refugees who are now like close in the circle of humanitarian assistance, GT connectivity, they will become digitally aware, they will know that it's not just waiting for people to give you opportunities. You can do this if you are digitally aware. Almost everybody in the camp has a phone, a smartphone, but they don't know how to use it. So our role here at the DLC, you heard me, is to help people to use it. So our role here at the DLC, you heard me, is to help people to use it. is mainly to open people's mindsets to the world. The point is not just for Facebook, TikTok, it's not just for scrolling and spending time in vain. there is real chances, real opportunities that if you know how to deal with technology, use the internet, you can actually get so much benefit from this. Yes, thank you so much for
Dominique Hyde
Thank you so much, Mohamed. For any of you who've actually been to Chad and on this border, Mohamed is speaking from an incredibly harsh area and that we're able to hear from you directly, Mohamed, on the connectivity, on those opportunities. Who would have thought that? And again, it's a team effort with you at the center, but I'll be coming back to you in a second, Mohamed. And now turning to Aziz. Aziz, as I said, you founded the Sharma Institute. And if you could tell us, how has digital technology helped you create opportunities for refugees and their families and your hosts and any lessons learned that you would like to share with us?
Aziz Hazizi
Thank you so much for having me. Good afternoon everyone. I'm Aziz Hadizia, a refugee from Yemen and founder of Shamaa Institute for Cultural Exchange, the first refugee -owned company in Ethiopia. So we intentionally felt Shamaa as a social enterprise, not an NGO, because we believe that long -term sustainability comes from self -reliance, opportunity and dignity. With the support of UNHCR Ethiopia and many other partners, including the Ethiopian government itself, we are helping to create an ecosystem where refugees are not only recipients of support, but contributors to their communities and economies. As a refugee myself, I experienced firsthand how difficult it can be to find a job. to access opportunities when barriers such as language, information, networks, and mobility stand in the way. Digital technology helped change that. When I founded Shama, our goal was not simply to create an online platform. Our goal was to create opportunities. Through digital tools, we have connected learners, educators, interpreters, and communities across different locations and backgrounds. What I've learned is that connectivity is the foundation, but opportunity is the outcome. Access to the internet is important, especially in contexts where many refugees still lack reliable connectivity devices and safe access. But meaningful connectivity goes further. It enables people to learn new skills, access information, find work. start businesses, reach new markets, and participate fully in society. My own journey from refugee to entrepreneur wouldn't have been possible without digital access and digital skills. That experience has shown me that refugees do not lack talent or ambition. What is often missing is access to the opportunities that allow those talents to grow. When connectivity, skills, and opportunity come together, refugees become contributors to their communities and local economies.
Dominique Hyde
Thank you so much, Aziz. I think Aziz just shared something really key with us. You know, when a refugee crosses a border and reaches safety, they're not just a refugee, they're coming with their skills and with what they have learned in their previous life. And they're bringing that. And then it's how can we support refugees and their host communities to actually access any of these opportunities? And hopefully they make the best of it, as we've seen here with the incredible story that Aziz has just shared with us. Mohamed, I'm just I'm turning back to you and you've talked to us about your incredible experiences. If you could tell us why do you think connectivity is such an inclusion is such a game changer in the community where you
Mohamed Moussa
live? OK, thank you. And hello again. Indeed, when people flee their hometowns and their home countries and cross the border, they are now in a totally different world, I could say. The system, the educational system, the chemical system, everything changes. And they feel like we are not included. but due to connectivity giving them access to internet they can expand their experiences they can make it fit so they can actually go with the flow as we say with where they are now for example here in Udemy camp we have those who are students of high school after they finish high school it's a little difficult to go into the educational system to go to university so most of them just after they sit for their high school exams they sit on their hands they don't have anything to do they wait until things go back to normal so they go back to Sudan and continue their education we don't know when wars will stop so here now in the early Udemy camp DLC we are focusing mainly on those who have just finished their high school baccalaureate Because these are people We need to open their mindset We are working mainly on some courses Like how to be a successful online learner By taking this course They will be digitally aware They will Because there is a lot of universities Where you can have a degree Not just certificates Degree So many universities So by having connectivity We give them access We walk them through And we tell them how to use it How to be safe online So this can never be done Without connectivity And without reliable internet So I think it's really very very important To change New young refugees Mindsets And make them feel included in the world And the opportunities that arise Every now and then Thank
Dominique Hyde
you. Thank you so much. Thank you, Mahat. So eloquent. And this challenge is real. And the focus on youth is so important because it is a luxury in a lot of these settings to finish high school already. But then how do you then do that next to tertiary? At UNHCR, we have a whole program called Aiming Higher to provide full scholarships in either their country of residence or elsewhere, or not residence or where they're hosted, whether it's technological schools, colleges or universities as well. And I think that link and what you're doing is quite exceptional. And thank you for sharing that with us. Aziz, you're speaking to a formidable room here. What's your one message to leaders, to policymakers, to companies, to organizations here in the room on why meeting is so important? Meaningful connectivity matters for refugees and their hosts. And what would you say? Over to you,
Aziz Hazizi
Thank you. So my message would be simple. The goal is not simply to connect refugees to the internet. The goal is to connect refugees to opportunities. When I started my career as an Arabic daughter myself, a refugee Arabic daughter six years ago, that opened the door, the world for me. So connectivity matters because it opens the door to education, livelihoods, entrepreneurship, financial inclusion and participation in society. It allows people to continue learning, working, creating and building a future for themselves. And. But we shouldn't measure success only by how many people are committed. We should measure success by how many people are able to find work, start businesses, access markets. and contribute to their communities because they are connected. Refugees are often viewed through the lens of vulnerability, yet refugees also bring skills, ideas, resilience, and innovation. If we invest in meaningful connectivity, affordable access, digital skills, and opportunities for economic participation, refugees can become not only users of technology, but creators of value through that technology. As a social entrepreneur, I believe the future of refugee inclusion lies not only in assistance, but also in enabling refugees to participate in economies, build businesses, create jobs, and contribute solutions. Because inclusion is not only about access. It's about the future. It's about enabling people to participate. contribute and thrive
Dominique Hyde
thank you so much wow thank you so much Aziz that's amazing round of applause for Mohamed and Aziz I hope somebody took notes of what they said I could not have said it better these are two entrepreneurs in their own way not just changing their lives but changing their communities you heard it from Aziz connecting it's not just about connectivity it's about connecting to opportunities and it's not about unit cost or numbers it's about measuring success and that success looks has many different faces as we just heard from both Aziz and Mohamed thank you so much to both of you please you're more than welcome to stay online and listen to our panelists and so I will I will then move on to our second part of our panel but just maybe one last round of applause for Mohamed and Aziz please everybody thank you so much So it's now my pleasure to introduce our panelists and to unpack the themes you've already heard of just now. And so what I'm going to do is I'm going to invite you each one and I'll introduce you and then please come and choose any chair that you want. Here, I'm going to be inviting colleagues from a range of organizations that are committed to advancing this initiative. So I would like to first invite Dr. Cosmas Zavazaga. He's the director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau at ITU. Welcome, Dr. Cosmas. I would like to invite Ms. Crystal Rugeje, who is the managing director in Rwanda for the Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Quite the title. Thank you, Crystal, for joining us. Thank you. Thank you. I'd now like to invite Mr. Max Lamesh, Director of Humanitarian Affairs at Luxembourg's Department of Foreign and European Affairs. Welcome, Max. Mr. John Juski, who is the President of the Foundation and Chief Regulatory Officer at the GSMA. A mouthful. Ms. Erin Conner, Director of Cisco Crisis Response. And Mr. Gerardo Franco, Director of Global Workforce Partnerships at Microsoft Elevate. Welcome. I'm just going to go and sit down. Give us one minute. Thank you. hello okay very good so dr cosmos uh turning to you first and just everybody i can i can i think we can say for those of you who've been here for a few days this is an amazing event that itu has organized thank you so much for pulling this together we know how much it takes and what a crowd uh so thank you so much to itu uh itu has just been absolutely instrumental in advancing the connectivity for refugees initiative so what does it take to uh move the commitments to concrete delivery for refugees and host
Dr. Cosmas Zavazava
community how do you do it yeah okay thank you very much and uh good afternoon i know that uh time is of essence i will be brief so i want to break with the tradition and say that um Maybe UNHCR you need to revisit Or to steer the member states To revisit the 1951 Refugee convention That provides rights Protection and also Assistance to refugees We in the ITU With our 194 member states And over a thousand private sector Industry and academia members We believe that Universal meaningful access Applies to everyone Internally displays the persons And the refugees as well So I think if there is harmony And there is peace And there is coexistence Between host communities And also the refugees Why should it be A distinct undertaking To connect And to provide access So what a refugee needs Is what a local Host country needs Thank you There is a banner that I saw When I was a student And it said Einstein was a refugee. So I believe that the regulators, it is their obligation to make sure that within their jurisdiction, they connect refugees and everyone else. And you provide what connectivity provides, all the services that they need, national IDs. And I want to congratulate, by the way, UNHCR and private sector partners, because last year I visited Zaatari refugee camp, and I was quite fascinated to see that the refugees were engaging in competitions and robotics challenges. It looked like a city on its own. They were engaging in entrepreneurship. And I think that is the spirit. They grow their own food, they participate in the affairs of the country, but of course limited by the laws of the country. So I believe that what applies to the citizens or local communities should apply to everyone. if we are collecting statistics and say so many people in this country are connected or offline, that should include the refugees. And that way it will be very easy for us to have a discussion with the private sector that invest and connect and also with the government officials. So that would be my position for healthcare. We had some interventions from colleagues who spoke earlier than me that they have received education thanks to the general city and also the host communities and other countries. So that would be my undertaking. And if there are commitments that are made in a project that we implement, they should
Dominique Hyde
Dr. Kosmas, we just filled our High Commissioner's position but maybe next time you should actually think of joining UNHCR and then we can discuss. But I wouldn't agree on reopening the 1951 Convention, but maybe some changes. I think that one thing that we heard from Dr. Kosmas, which is absolutely correct, is what a local person needs is what a refugee needs and who best to hear from than Rwanda next. I'm just back from Rwanda and I have, you know, just thought it's a land of opportunity and none of this happens without the important role of governments. And so now, Crystal, turning to you and Rwanda. Rwanda has been a massively generous host to refugees for many years. And so why does Rwanda, why do you feel that it is so important to actually include refugees into the digital access?
Crystal Rugeje
It's around three pillars, identity, skills, and trust. If I start with identity, that's really obviously the key that unlocks everything else. As of today, we have about 70 % of refugees that hold government -issued IDs. That opens the doors to all of our government services. We have about 240 government services that are hosted online, and we continue to add more and more to that platform. So that is our central gateway to providing just the basic government services, financial services, of course, and formal work. And as a result, 92 % of refugee households own a mobile phone, and about two -thirds use mobile money services. And this is not a parallel system. It's the same system that every Rwandan uses. And now we've taken the next step with the digital IDs. Just as we speak today, I was speaking with the team from the National ID. agency yesterday, and they're on the ground today at the Mahama refugee camp, which I think you visited recently, right? And they're registering refugees, you know, site by site, and now we have about 36 % that are already registered with the goal to get everyone registered by the end of this year. And I think, you know, you would all agree that, you know, when you have a digital ID, it's a multiplier effect, right? It unlocks what the physical world, you know, can't accomplish, I think, things like instant verification, you know, KYC requirements for banks and other, you know, more formal financial services, but really just expanding the many, you know, services that are increasingly online, and really making sure that we can give everyone the opportunity to fully participate in the digital economy. The second pillar is skills, because I think, you know, just having connectivity without capability is really not inclusion. And, you know, I think that's a really important part of the digital economy. And we measured this across all of our five camps, and we have 38 % of refugees that are currently using the internet. So we can say that clearly, you know, ownership of devices is outpacing the use. And so one of the things that we did was take a deliberate step to really invest in skills at each level. So just to highlight, you know, we do digital literacy training in the camps, learning to earning skills for youth and women, and coding, AI, and entrepreneurship. And now we have about one in five people in our camps that are doing paid digital work. And at the top of the skills pyramid, we have Carnegie Mellon University Africa that has its only Africa campus that's based in Kigali, and they provide master's degrees in engineering and AI, and they have scholarships that are earmarked for refugees. So we increasingly see a number of them taking advantage of those opportunities, so they can be creators of the technologies, not just, you know, using. And the last pillar is trust. Let me just quickly summarize. You know, we put in place our data protection and privacy law in 2021. And I think one of the fundamental pieces, which I hope is also present in other countries, is to make sure that the law is not just protecting our local citizens, but it's also protecting anyone that is within our jurisdiction, because we believe that, you know, this should be especially the most vulnerable. You know, when we talk about having privacy and agency over how your data is used, we wanted to make sure that they were also covered by the law. So I think these are the three pillars that have really guided our decisions. Thank you.
Dominique Hyde
Thank you so much, Crystal. And there's so much to learn about what Rwanda has done. It's quite extraordinary. I was in Mohamed camp last week. The camp is the school and the camp is the best school of the country with 80 percent refugees and 20 percent Rwandans. So amazing. But even more amazing, I met these this group of young. young adults who have been given digital access to a computer and coding and things I didn't even understand. And many of them had not seen a computer or had access. And all of a sudden, it has opened opportunities for them. And this group led by a boy called Jackson was creating a whole web page and system. I didn't quite hear everybody in the room is probably much more expert than I am, but to actually match skills of refugees with job opportunities that are there, so that they can put it into the system and then be tagged to different opportunities. So there's also so much opportunities with youth across Rwanda, across Africa. So thank you so much, Crystal. We'll be coming back to Max. Max, you know, I think Max has been and the government of Luxembourg has been spearheading and supporting communities and communities of color. And I think that's a really important thing to for refugees since the beginning. And it's much more than a short term support. It's by our side, it's financial, it's in -kind, it's advisory role, and we need more partners like the government of Luxembourg, like Rwanda, like ITU, and we'll keep going down the road. But I think you've been one of the founding partners, Max. So from Luxembourg's perspective, what and why has this
Max Lamesch
work been so important to you? Thank you. Thank you very much, Dominic, and thank you very much for having me here today. So for Luxembourg, supporting connectivity for refugees initiative obviously is a natural choice, not just because Luxembourg considers itself sometimes as a satellite nation, being a small landlocked country. We decided in the 1970s or so to build a satellite industry because it was obviously a lifeline to us. and beyond that, over time, we increased the industry and then 20 years ago or so, we decided to find more use cases and also in the humanitarian sphere. So this is a little bit where our journey began, working with connectivity outside of Luxembourg, obviously. And so I think colleagues of mine at that time, they decided, so that was after the Haiti earthquake in 2010, for those of you who remember. So there was a lack of communication, networks were down, so humanitarianism couldn't coordinate. So later on, we decided then, as Luxembourg, because of our satellite infrastructure, to provide a solution, which we call Emergency .lu, which is a satellite -based communication tool that can be provided wherever in the world, especially after sudden -onset disasters, to restore local connectivity and with these communication means for mostly humanitarians. So that was the initial idea. And then over time, with years, so I think now we can say we've been operating in 80 or so contacts, humanitarian contacts worldwide from Haiti to Central African Republic to Tonga, wherever there's a need for networks and for communication. We also work on the more preventive side of things together with SIDIMA, also with the Humanitarian Assistance Center of ASEAN group to work on the prevention side and to make local operators also more resilient. So this has made us think about, OK, how can we go beyond the pure emergency response, the humanitarian approach and finding more sustainable approaches? And this is where we came up together with this. The Connectivity for Refugees initiative together with UNICEF, of course, and GSMA. and who are we missing and that was the start you mentioned Dominic 2023 that we launched it and it really grew bigger ever since so as Luxembourg we provided 2 million in cash but it's not just cash we also provide terminals again we saw the video at the beginning so that was in Farchana in Chad so you can see how satellite communication can change and we also heard from Mohamed and Aziz the opportunities that can be created on the connectivity and so this is what it's all about is digital inclusion, the changing of mindsets and creating of opportunities and this is what we'd like to try to continue in our next multi -annual financial framework with
Dominique Hyde
UNHCR that we hopefully will sign in September. Thank you, thank you very much. Thank you Max, thank you for announcing our global partnership but thank you I think that was very clear from the earthquake to in 2010 to learning and understanding how innovative innovation can actually support and be brought to scale, which is really what we want to be seeing. A big thanks to my colleague, Hovig, who was central to that and started the whole thing. For those of you who don't know Hovig, you need to meet him. He's in the room. That was just my pitch. And I'm going to go over to you, John. So, John, at GSMA, which is, for everybody else, it's the global association of the mobile industry, for the mobile industry, what do you see as the unique role for the private sector
John Giusti
and your members in the industry in delivering this ambitious objective of the connectivity for refugees? Thanks. Thank you so much, Dominique, for that. And also, I second that. You talked to Hovig. He's the guy to help bring us all together. But I also just really want to start by commending the leadership of UNHCR, the ITU, the government of Luxembourg because it's not every initiative that comes out of these platforms that recognizes the value of the private sector coming into it. And I think here when you're talking connectivity, it is the private sector that's investing in that connectivity in whatever form it takes, whether it be the mobile networks on the ground, the satellites in the sky, technology companies like Cisco. So I think it's really key that they be involved from the beginning. And I can say from firsthand experience the value of this initiative, right, being in the field and seeing, because our operators are already in these markets. They're already providing the services to many people in some of these humanitarian impacted regions, but they don't always have the voice to be able to communicate with the key stakeholders. So for example, when I was with Hovig & Co. in Chad, also, of course, with Kelly Cummins and ITU Secretary General, we were able to sit down with Airtel, with MOVE, with the government ministries, with the humanitarian agencies, and talk about what is our shared ambition. And also importantly, what are the barriers to it? Because I think we may not necessarily always speak the same language. We have the same ambition, but we don't speak the same language. So I think by having us all together, and at GSMA and the foundation, what we're also really focused on is making sure we're informed by data. So I know we're actually currently working with you in South Sudan. And, you know, for your point at the beginning, so many people do have devices when they come. They may not be able to use them. They may not have the connectivity to use them. But in South Sudan alone, our research shows 73 % of refugees have a mobile device. So now it's up to us to figure out how to empower them to use it, how to make sure the connectivity is there. And that requires investment from industry. It requires government policy.
Dominique Hyde
And I'm so enthused by also being on the ground in Chad and seeing what the Chad government is doing in terms of building in refugees as part of their government policy, refugee connectivity. We've already heard from Crystal about the priority that Rwanda has put, of course, on refugees. also on connectivity more broadly. So I think it's a huge opportunity for us to continue to leverage. And what we at GSMA want to do is use our platforms to make sure all the mobile operators in every country impacted by displaced populations, and let's face it, that's a lot of countries, is aware of this opportunity. And also to use our platforms like Mobile World Congress to bring together stakeholders and get more people, more governments supporting initiatives like this one. So in short, I think you can have connectivity without the private sector, and you won't have effective connectivity without the right government policy levers. So we've got to work together. Well, that was absolutely right, James. And I think everybody needs, we need all of the different actors here to be at the table. The language that James just spoke to, the regulatory frameworks, the policy shifts, the understanding of the market, of the industry, together with government, with refugees, with the private sector, with ITU, that's what really moves. the sector. And I really like, James, the ambition that this is not just a project. This is something we're trying to bring to scale. And the more people are connected and not just connected, as we heard from Aziz, but actually given opportunities as well with that connectivity, the more are going to become self -reliant and the better that will be for the global economy and for those individuals and their dignity. And so, as I said, it takes a village. So now I'm moving on to Erin. Thank you so much, James. You know, this initiative, Erin, was built on a pretty simple premise, which we've just mentioned, that no single actor can close the connectivity gap alone. When we combine technology and funding across sectors, we create something that is much greater than the sum of the parts. And that's what, James, I think you were just trying to tell us. So from your vantage point, Erin, What makes a cross -sector partnership genuinely meaningful rather than transactional?
Erin Connor
Thank you, Dominique, and thank you so much for having me here today. And I would just want to echo what John was saying about the role and the importance of the private sector working with the public sector to address some of these deeply entrenched and systemic challenges. You really do need everyone at the table bringing their respective core competencies and resources to bear to really move the needle. So Cisco, as many of you may know, is a cybersecurity and networking company. Cisco Crisis Response is a dedicated team focused on leveraging the breadth of Cisco's resources, so financial, technical, our people, our strategic partnerships, to securely connect and empower vulnerable communities in crisis. And we first started working with UNHCR actually back in 2015. when our team deployed to provide emergency connectivity initially for response agencies and humanitarian aid organizations and quickly pivoted to provide connectivity for refugees themselves. It was the first time people were arriving on the shores of Greece with mobile phones, with smartphones, wanting Wi -Fi to be able to connect with loved ones, access resources, get information. And that was the beginning of what is now an 11 -year partnership. I think we've worked in over 20 countries providing connectivity for UNHCR, its NGO partners, as well as refugee communities. And so we were thrilled when Connectivity for Refugees was launched because it fits so well within the work that we were already doing. And I think for our partnership, I think foundationally what's probably most important is just a shared opportunity of alignment and commitment towards the work and the common vision. And then I think a lot of it is over time building trust. I think because we were already working with UNHCR and better understanding how you operated. We also saw the emerging opportunities and ways that we could engage more meaningfully beyond just one deployment or transaction and looking at how we could provide funding, how we could provide more training and technical assistance, how we could continue to deploy our technology to support these efforts. And then more recently, how we can integrate our networking academy curriculum, so ICT training curriculum, into some of these digital learning centers, including, I think, the one that Mr. Musa called in from today. So, you know, I think it takes a shared commitment. It's not a one -time commitment. It's a continuous commitment and really kind of rolling up your sleeves and working together to address it collectively.
Dominique Hyde
Thank you so much. Thank you so much, Erin. And I think that's really key, what you just said, because often when people think of UNHCR and partnering also with refugees, they're thinking humanitarian, that immediate relief. And I'm not saying that that's not needed. But what we know is that some of these solutions for refugees and their host communities, who are often as poor as them or as rich, is long -term partnerships. And as we just heard from Erin, that's built on trust. That's 20 countries, 11 years of working together, of understanding each other, of understanding those challenges together. Thank you for staying by the side of refugees. I love this whole network curriculum. I think that's a great addition as well. And for everybody, just to add before I turn over to Gerardo, is I've been calling John James, and I just realized that James is not James. He's John. So really sorry about that, John. And it's not because I was listening to James Brown. So apologies, John. Shakespeare said, what's in a name? I'll answer to anything you call me, Dominique. No, so it's John, everybody. So apologies about that, John And over to Gerardo. Gerardo, you know, Microsoft has been... a strong proponent of digital inclusion and skills development globally. What motivated Microsoft to join this effort, and why do you believe it is so important for technology companies to invest in advancing meaningful connectivity? There we go.
Gerardo Franco
Thanks, Dominique, and thanks for having me here. It's an honor to be here, and I also want to thank Mohamed and Aziz. I think their testimonials and their interventions are a very clear reminder of why we're all in this room. It's very inspiring, and I do a lot of social impact work, and listening to the actual people on the ground is essential to keep us going and to remind us why we are here, so I just wanted to say that. And so many of you might not be aware, Microsoft's mission is to empower every person and organization on the planet to achieve more, and that mission says every person. So... Microsoft Mechanics When one out of every 70 people in the world is forcibly displaced, as you mentioned, Dominique, we cannot possibly claim to be living up to that mission. That is what motivated us to join Connectivity for Refugees. I think that for us, connectivity is not the finish line. It's the on -ramp. It's also what helps Mohamed continue his course online. It's what helps us build the first ever refugee -owned social enterprise in Ethiopia. And meaningful connectivity is the foundation of skills, of learning, of livelihoods, and of safety. So it's something that we definitely need to go after. And a signal is only meaningful when it creates opportunity. So why should tech companies invest in initiatives such as this one? Well, first I would say... When your company... the technology of your company is changing the world, you bear a responsibility to ensure that no one is left behind. And of course, what everyone's already said, we can't all do it alone. And I think I've always said, if you're going to go fast, you go with private sector. If you want to go long, you go with government. If you want to go deep, you go with international organizations and grassroots organizations that are on the ground at the camps. If you want to go sustainably and move the needle, you need that triple helix approach. Everyone needs to be involved and contribute. And secondly, we are in the middle of a technological shift, the AI shift, which will either widen the gap or help close it. AI has that potential to make leapfrogs in both directions. So I think now's the time to really think about how we can help, how we can make investments that really move the needle. And innovation cannot stay constant. That's what we did. if innovation, if technology is to live up to its promise, it needs to help those that need it the most. And so we're very happy to be part of this initiative, and we will continue to bring our skilling, our technology, our networks, and we will continue to show up with GSMA, with UNHCR, with ITU to help bring this promise to life.
Dominique Hyde
Thank you so much, Gerardo. Gerardo, well said, and I think it's a nice closing of this session of just understanding how each one of you contributes to this in the long term. I was actually thinking of an effort that I'm Canadian, from the Canadian government 30 years ago in Cote d 'Ivoire, where they tried to do something, but they were doing it on their own, not with the government, not with the regulators, not with the GSMAs of this world, or Microsoft, or Cisco's, or ITU's, and how the world has changed. But how do we actually get? How do we get ready for that next step? So thank you so much. So before I turn to the floor to ask... any questions. I just want to have you guys do one more round. I've got two questions. You can choose to just answer one. You can be brief and I'll start again from the beginning of the row. But looking ahead, what is the key message that you believe is important that people in this room take away? So that's your question number one. If you choose, you can answer the second or not. And what is your suggestion for people and organizations who are listening here today who may want to work on advancing connectivity for
Crystal Rugeje
Thank you. I think for me, maybe speaking from the government's perspective, is that inclusion is really a policy choice before we talk about investment and infrastructure. And so I think what governments can do is really making sure that when we're thinking about refugees, those policy choices are embedded in the design of all of the systems that we're creating, all the laws we're creating, so on and so forth. And then the partnerships and the investments will follow. And then if I can maybe just offer two concrete recommendations on then what are the partnerships and what are the investment opportunities, I think two things that can really move the needle, it's bringing down the cost of devices and the cost of data. I think these two things, we've seen how many people actually own mobile phones and what that can unlock for them, but we know that they're not meaningfully using. We're accessing all of the opportunities that they could through those phones because of the cost of data. So if I can urge anyone in the room to invest in those two things, I think that we could really make significant impact. Thank you.
Max Lamesch
Thank you very much very quickly I believe that and Dr. Kosmas already said it the future for durable solutions lies definitely in the multi -stakeholder approach we can see evidence here on the panel I think it's a fantastic example of how governments and private sector can work together and it's one that I've been working in the sector for over 10 years now and it's one of the few examples where I can see that that is growing and that there's a real interest of private sector coming in and staying in the initiative in the long run and I can only commend also Cisco because I forgot to mention earlier for your leadership here and for being with us from the start thank you very
John Giusti
much So I think very quickly, I mean, I would just say I would just take away. I would love people is not to take connectivity for granted, because I think whether you're in the most developed or the least developed markets, whether you're in a big city or in a refugee camp, I think the state of connectivity today is one thing. But it's going to require continued investment, continued government policy that enables it. So I think the more we can continue to talk together. Now, I think it was a triple helix approach that was mentioned over here is I mean, I think that's the way we're going to move the needle forward. And I think Chris made an excellent point. I think one of the things that really worries me is the challenge of access to the devices. People connect with the smartphones. We know that one of the biggest barrier to connectivity, 96 percent of the world's population is connected or falls within mobile Internet. three billion of those people are not connected. And the biggest barrier is the cost of the device. That is the biggest barrier by far. And what I'm really – I mean, there's a lot of things we can try to do as an industry. Also, I think there's a lot of taxation issues. But what's really worrying me right now is the increased cost of memory, which means that the progress we've made today could push us behind going forward. So let's not sit still. Let's keep talking together
Erin Connor
and tackle the challenges that are in front of us. Thank you, John. And my takeaway is really what I heard from Mr. Hazizi and Mr. Moussa. And so I feel like I'm just going to reiterate that because I think that is what I'll be leaving with, just what is possible when you take opportunity and access and combine that just with the ingenuity and expertise and smarts of individuals, the impact that has not just on their lives but on their communities. It's just – this multiplier effect and the value that they'll be providing to so many people is just really powerful. And I think another reason why I think
Gerardo Franco
Yeah, I would just reiterate connectivity is the starting point, not the destination. The goal is a skill, a job, a business, a safer life. And if we design that from day one, then access becomes opportunity.
Dominique Hyde
Thank you so much. So unfortunately, we have no time for more questions. So I would just like to really thank all of our panelists here, our panelists online. Well, I personally think this was a great discussion. I don't think I'm allowed to say that as a moderator. But I think that what you're seeing here today is success. It's success because it's built on a partnership at all levels from refugees, to host communities, to host governments. to the industry, to the UN and the multilateral sector, to governments like the government of Luxembourg. If you have more questions, I'm sure you can find us and ask us what else needs to be done. We said it takes a village. Anybody in the room, we need more support. We heard it from many of the panelists. This is anything that stays stale becomes a dinosaur, and we can't afford that. We need to actually be shifting continuously, learning, and making everything more accessible. So thank you to ITU for hosting us here, and thank you to all of the panelists. Just superb. And to all of you who listened. Thank you.

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