WSIS Forum 2026
Rapport généré par l'IA

Connected and coherent: the Yin and Yang of digital education

16 intervenants
Résumé

Résumé

Cette conférence, organisée dans le cadre du Forum du SMSI 2026, a réuni des représentants de l'UIT, de l'UNICEF, de l'UNESCO, de gouvernements et du secteur privé pour débattre du double défi que représentent la connexion des écoles à Internet et la transformation de cette connectivité en une éducation numérique véritablement significative . La session s'est articulée autour de deux initiatives complémentaires : l'initiative GIGA, qui vise à connecter chaque école à Internet, et l'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public, qui se concentre sur la création de plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique . Avec 2,2 milliards de personnes encore non connectées, dont environ 500 millions d'enfants, et l'IA qui s'introduit rapidement dans les salles de classe, les participants ont souligné l'urgence de concevoir des systèmes gouvernés et alignés sur les objectifs de l'éducation publique . Des représentants du Kenya, du Mozambique, du Cambodge et de l'Afrique du Sud ont partagé les enseignements pratiques tirés de leurs expériences nationales. Le Kenya a souligné que la connectivité doit être considérée comme une infrastructure numérique nationale, intégrée dans des investissements haut débit plus larges, et que la durabilité au-delà du soutien des donateurs est essentielle . Le Mozambique a mis en évidence la façon dont son partenariat avec GIGA a transformé son approche, passant de la simple fourniture d'Internet à la cartographie des écoles, à l'intégration de solutions énergétiques et à l'incorporation de la protection des enfants en ligne . Le Cambodge et l'Afrique du Sud ont tous deux noté que la COVID-19 avait accéléré le besoin de plateformes d'apprentissage numérique, et qu'une approche pangouvernementale, incluant une coordination au niveau présidentiel, était indispensable pour assurer la cohérence entre les ministères . Du côté du secteur privé, le représentant de Vodacom a soutenu qu'un environnement réglementaire équitable pour les investisseurs est un prérequis à une connectivité durable, et a averti que l'écosystème dans son ensemble, incluant la connectivité à domicile, les appareils et la stabilité économique des familles, doit être pris en compte parallèlement aux infrastructures scolaires . Il a également soulevé des préoccupations quant à l'insensibilité culturelle de l'IA à l'égard des langues et des contextes africains . Ces préoccupations ont été relayées par des membres du public et des panélistes, l'Afrique du Sud et le Cambodge ayant tous deux mentionné des efforts actifs pour développer des grands modèles de langage en langues autochtones . Sur la question des plateformes, Frank van Cappelle de l'UNICEF a expliqué que les plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique sont un concept relativement nouveau, apparu pendant la COVID, qui touche désormais des dizaines de millions d'enfants dans le monde, le réseau Passerelles s'étendant à 35 pays membres . Hani Eskandar de l'UIT a introduit le concept d'infrastructure numérique publique pour l'éducation, comprenant des référentiels de contenus alignés sur les programmes scolaires, des systèmes de données éducatives interopérables et des accréditations vérifiables, en faisant valoir que cette approche peut améliorer les résultats d'apprentissage même sans tablette dans chaque salle de classe . Les remarques de clôture de Clara Cabrera Brasero et de Sobhi Tawil ont souligné la complémentarité entre GIGA et Passerelles comme exemple de l'ONU agissant de manière unifiée, et ont indiqué que les résultats de la session alimenteraient le Sommet sur la transformation de l'éducation+4 à Paris, marquant un moment important pour l'IA et l'éducation .

Points clés

Objectif général

La conférence a été organisée dans le cadre du Forum du SMSI (Sommet mondial sur la société de l'information) et a réuni l'UIT, l'UNICEF et l'UNESCO aux côtés de représentants gouvernementaux et d'acteurs du secteur privé. Son objectif était d'examiner comment la connectivité scolaire (l'initiative GIGA) et les plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique (l'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public) doivent fonctionner en tandem pour offrir une éducation numérique significative, inclusive et durable à tous les enfants, en particulier ceux vivant dans des contextes défavorisés et en développement. La séance a également servi de contribution préparatoire au Sommet sur la transformation de l'éducation+4 de l'UNESCO à Paris. ---

Principaux points de discussion

- La connectivité scolaire : une première étape nécessaire mais insuffisante. Plusieurs intervenants ont souligné que la connexion des écoles à Internet n'est que le début d'un défi bien plus vaste. La représentante du Kenya a exposé cinq enseignements clés, insistant sur le fait que la connectivité doit être traitée comme une infrastructure numérique nationale intégrée dans des investissements haut débit plus larges, et que l'infrastructure seule ne peut produire d'impact sans électricité fiable, appareils abordables, contenus numériques et renforcement des capacités des enseignants.

L'expérience du Mozambique a illustré comment le partenariat GIGA a transformé leur approche, passant du simple déploiement d'Internet par satellite à la cartographie des écoles, à l'adoption de solutions technologiquement neutres, à l'intégration de systèmes d'alimentation électrique et à l'intégration de la protection des enfants en ligne. - La nécessité d'écosystèmes durables et pangouvernementaux, au-delà du soutien des donateurs. Un thème récurrent a été le risque que les projets s'effondrent une fois les financements externes épuisés. Le Kenya a explicitement averti que « nous voyons des projets mourir dès que le soutien prend fin. » L'Afrique du Sud a décrit comment la fragmentation des budgets ministériels en matière de TIC et l'absence d'une vision partagée avaient précédemment compromis les efforts d'éducation numérique, et comment une unité de services numériques présidentielle et une feuille de route pour l'infrastructure publique numérique ont permis d'aligner les ministères, d'obtenir des financements et de créer une durabilité à long terme. Le représentant de Vodacom a soutenu que les gouvernements doivent créer des environnements réglementaires justes et équitables permettant aux opérateurs privés d'obtenir des rendements économiques, sans quoi l'investissement dans la connectivité ne peut être maintenu. - Les plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique comme infrastructure numérique publique pour l'éducation. L'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public a été présentée comme le « yang » complémentaire au « yin » de la connectivité de GIGA, visant à garantir que, une fois les écoles connectées, elles aient accès à des plateformes d'apprentissage numérique de haute qualité et à gouvernance publique.

Hani Eskandar de l'UIT a introduit le concept de « GIGA Plus » - une couche d'infrastructure numérique publique comprenant des référentiels de contenus alignés sur les programmes accessibles via des API, des systèmes de données éducatives interopérables et des accréditations éducatives vérifiables - en faisant valoir que cette approche pourrait améliorer les résultats d'apprentissage même sans tablette dans chaque salle de classe, en ciblant les enseignants avec des contenus officiels et sélectionnés. Le Cambodge a partagé comment il a choisi des plateformes open source pour des raisons de coût et a mené des projets pilotes intensifs dans une seule école avant de les déployer à grande échelle, reconnaissant le système de gestion de l'apprentissage comme un vecteur essentiel de transfert rapide des connaissances. - Sensibilité culturelle, IA et risque d'outils numériques à prédominance occidentale. Ayman Essam de Vodacom a souligné que les outils d'IA fournissent actuellement des réponses culturellement et linguistiquement inadaptées aux élèves africains, les grands modèles de langage étant principalement entraînés sur des données occidentales en langue anglaise. Cette préoccupation a été relayée dans les questions du public et dans les réponses de l'Afrique du Sud et du Cambodge, qui ont tous deux décrit des efforts actifs pour développer des grands modèles de langage en langues autochtones afin de préserver la souveraineté culturelle et d'éviter la dépendance aux outils d'IA étrangers.

Hani Eskandar a également soulevé le défi plus large de l'écosystème - qu'un enfant disposant d'une tablette à l'école mais sans connectivité, appareils ou même sécurité alimentaire à la maison ne peut bénéficier de l'éducation numérique - en citant le modèle de Vodafone Égypte consistant à autonomiser les mères comme solution à l'échelle communautaire. - La collaboration interagences et multipartite comme modèle pour le système onusien. Thomas Gürber, ambassadeur de Suisse auprès des Nations Unies à Genève, a salué GIGA comme une initiative interagences exemplaire entre l'UIT et l'UNICEF, notant que ce type de coopération - impliquant gouvernements, régulateurs, partenaires de développement et secteur privé - « n'est pas toujours facile, mais c'est exactement ce dont nous avons besoin. » Sobhi Tawil de l'UNESCO a clôturé la session en soulignant la complémentarité entre GIGA et Passerelles, et entre les trois agences onusiennes, comme exemple de l'ONU « agissant de manière unifiée. » Clara Cabrera Brasero, ambassadrice d'Espagne auprès des Nations Unies à Genève, a appelé à ce que ce modèle soit amplifié et transposé dans le système multilatéral plus large, présentant l'éducation numérique comme faisant partie d'un nouveau contrat social. ---

Ton général

Les intervenants nourrit un échange constructif, collaboratif et axé sur les solutions, tout en soulignant l'urgence de la situation. Les remarques d'ouverture étaient formelles et empreintes de célébration, reconnaissant le partenariat entre les agences onusiennes et les progrès accomplis depuis 2019.

Au fil des témoignages des pays, le ton est devenu plus direct et pragmatique : le Kenya et le Mozambique ont offert des évaluations franches de ce qui n'avait pas fonctionné avant GIGA et de ce qui restait à résoudre.

Le représentant de Vodacom a adopté un registre nettement plus incisif, qu'il a lui-même qualifié de « politiquement incorrect », critiquant ouvertement les gouvernements qui pressent les investisseurs tout en attendant des résultats en matière de développement, et invitant l'assemblée à penser au-delà des bâtiments scolaires pour considérer l'ensemble de l'écosystème socioéconomique de la vie d'un enfant. Cette franchise a été bien accueillie et a suscité un vif engagement du public. À la fin de la discussion, l'UNESCO a présenté les résultats de la session comme une contribution à l'agenda mondial de développement post-2030 et au prochain Sommet sur la transformation de l'éducation.

Intervenants

- Alex Wong - Rôle/Titre : Conseiller principal au Bureau du Secrétaire général de l'UIT, responsable des initiatives spéciales - Ayman Essam - Rôle/Titre : Directeur des affaires extérieures, Vodacom Group - Domaines d'expertise : Télécommunications, investissement du secteur privé dans la connectivité, écosystèmes numériques, inclusion des langues africaines dans l'IA - Clara Cabrera Brasero - Rôle/Titre : Ambassadrice et Représentante permanente adjointe de l'Espagne auprès de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève - Domaines d'expertise : Politique d'éducation numérique, coopération multilatérale, technologies numériques centrées sur l'humain - Frank van Cappelle - Rôle/Titre : Responsable de l'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public à l'UNICEF - Domaines d'expertise : Plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique, infrastructure d'éducation numérique, technologie éducative inclusive - Hani Eskandar - Rôle/Titre : Responsable principal de projet GIGA, UIT - Domaines d'expertise : Infrastructure numérique publique pour l'éducation, systèmes de gestion de l'apprentissage, référentiels de contenus, normes d'interopérabilité, données éducatives - Helena Fernandes - Rôle/Titre : Représentante du Mozambique (participante au panel, deuxième segment) - Domaines d'expertise : Connectivité scolaire, plateformes d'apprentissage numérique, formation des enseignants dans des contextes multilingues - Ivan Monforte Fugarolas - Rôle/Titre : Coordinateur du Centre GIGA à Barcelone - Domaines d'expertise : Connectivité scolaire, environnements réglementaires, service universel, modèles d'investissement privé - Jeanette Morwane - Rôle/Titre : Directrice générale adjointe, Département des communications et des technologies numériques, Afrique du Sud - Domaines d'expertise : Infrastructure numérique publique, transformation numérique pangouvernementale, plateformes d'éducation numérique, IA et modèles de langage en langues autochtones - Mark West - Rôle/Titre : Représentant associé à l'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public de l'UNESCO (modérateur du deuxième panel) - Domaines d'expertise : Plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique, politique d'éducation numérique, coopération internationale en technologie éducative - Mary Kerema - Rôle/Titre : Secrétaire aux TIC, à l'économie numérique et aux technologies émergentes, Ministère de l'information, des communications et de l'économie numérique, Kenya - Domaines d'expertise : Connectivité scolaire, écosystèmes numériques, infrastructure numérique nationale, inclusion et durabilité dans les programmes de connectivité - SOK Puthyvuth - Rôle/Titre : Secrétaire d'État, Ministère des postes et télécommunications, Cambodge - Domaines d'expertise : Plateformes d'apprentissage numérique, systèmes éducatifs open source, politique d'économie numérique, IA et grands modèles de langage - Sobhi Tawil - Rôle/Titre : Directeur de la Division pour l'avenir de l'apprentissage et de l'innovation à l'UNESCO ; Directeur par intérim du Bureau international d'éducation, Genève - Domaines d'expertise : Technologie et éducation, infrastructure numérique publique, IA dans l'éducation, politique éducative mondiale et ODD 4 - Socrates Titoce - Rôle/Titre : Représentant du Fonds d'accès au service universel du Mozambique (Autorité des communications) - Domaines d'expertise : Mandats de service universel, connectivité scolaire, cadres réglementaires, modèles de connectivité durables - Thomas Gürber - Rôle/Titre : Ambassadeur et Représentant permanent de la Suisse auprès des Nations Unies à Genève - Domaines d'expertise : Coopération internationale, éducation numérique, diplomatie multilatérale, soutien à l'initiative GIGA - Video Narrator - Rôle/Titre : Narrateur de la vidéo promotionnelle GIGA --- Intervenants supplémentaires : - Intervenante nº1 - Rôle/Titre : Fondatrice d'une entreprise de formation en codage et en IA (Inde) ; Membre du Comité directeur d'AI for Good pour la formation en IA - Domaines d'expertise : Littératie en IA responsable, micro-accréditations pour les éducatrices rurales, formation en IA - intervenant nº2 - Rôle/Titre : Étudiant à l'Université Stanford ; Stagiaire à International Bridge to Justice - Domaines d'expertise : IA et sensibilité culturelle dans l'éducation - intervenant nº3 - Rôle/Titre : Représentant de Codata, Groupe de travail sur la qualité des données - Domaines d'expertise : Qualité des données, validation et vérification des contenus éducatifs, fiabilité de l'IA - intervenante nº4 - Rôle/Titre : Représentante du Cadre intégré renforcé à l'OMC - Domaines d'expertise : Commerce international et développement, initiatives d'éducation numérique - intervenante nº5 - Rôle/Titre : Co-fondatrice de la Fondation Interlay, une organisation technologique à but non lucratif développant des solutions d'IA pour les lycées en Afrique du Sud et au Kenya - Domaines d'expertise : Solutions d'IA pour l'éducation, outils numériques hors ligne, engagement des acteurs locaux dans les pays en développement - intervenante nº6 - Rôle/Titre : Responsable de la politique numérique pour les écoles mexicaines (rôle officiel) ; affiliée à Coursera - Domaines d'expertise : Numérisation à grande échelle des écoles, alignement du déploiement de la connectivité et des appareils, marchés publics en technologie éducative - intervenante nº7 - Rôle/Titre : Professeure associée, Université de Xiamen, Chine - Domaines d'expertise : Enseignement supérieur, apprentissage tout au long de la vie, IA dans l'éducation

Intervenants
TG
Thomas Gürber
122 wpm · 4 min
AW
Alex Wong
176 wpm · 5 min
VN
Video Narrator
133 wpm · 2 min
IM
Ivan Monforte Fugarolas
149 wpm · 4 min
MK
Mary Kerema
124 wpm · 10 min
ST
Socrates Titoce
104 wpm · 5 min
AE
Ayman Essam
130 wpm · 12 min
FV
Frank van Cappelle
196 wpm · 5 min
MW
Mark West
117 wpm · 14 min
HE
Hani Eskandar
150 wpm · 8 min
JM
Jeanette Morwane
130 wpm · 10 min
SP
SOK Puthyvuth
151 wpm · 10 min
HF
Helena Fernandes
120 wpm · 1 min
A
Audience
142 wpm · 7 min
ST
Sobhi Tawil
112 wpm · 5 min
CC
Clara Cabrera Brasero
147 wpm · 5 min

Des écoles connectées avec les infrastructures nécessaires : Le yin et le yang de l'éducation numérique

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Introduction de la séance

Cette conférence a réuni des représentants de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT), de l'UNICEF et de l'UNESCO, aux côtés de responsables gouvernementaux et d'acteurs du secteur privé, afin d'examiner le double défi que représentent la connexion des écoles à Internet et la transformation de cette connectivité en une éducation numérique significative, inclusive et durable . La conférence s'est tenue dans un contexte d'urgence considérable : avec 2,2 milliards de personnes encore non connectées dans le monde, dont environ 500 millions d'enfants et de jeunes, et avec l'intelligence artificielle qui fait rapidement son entrée dans les salles de classe, les participants ont souligné la nécessité de concevoir des systèmes gouvernés et alignés sur les objectifs de l'éducation publique . La session a également servi de contribution préparatoire au Sommet sur la Transformation de l'Éducation Plus Quatre de l'UNESCO, prévu à Paris deux jours plus tard, ce qui a rendu ses conclusions directement pertinentes pour le programme de développement mondial .

Alex Wong, conseiller principal au Bureau du Secrétaire général de l'UIT, a ouvert la session en présentant la métaphore du yin et du yang comme moyen d'illustrer la complémentarité entre deux initiatives distinctes mais interdépendantes . Le « yin », a-t-il expliqué, est l'initiative GIGA, un partenariat entre l'UIT et l'UNICEF lancé en 2019 avec pour mission de connecter chaque école à Internet, couvrant désormais 54 pays . Le « yang » est l'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public et sa charte relative aux plateformes d'apprentissage numérique (Charter for Public Digital Learning Platforms), une collaboration entre l'UIT, l'UNESCO et l'UNICEF visant à garantir que, une fois les écoles connectées, elles aient accès à des plateformes d'apprentissage numérique de haute qualité et gouvernées publiquement . Alex Wong a noté que ces initiatives touchent ensemble à plusieurs lignes d'action du SMSI, notamment l'infrastructure et les infrastructures de communication (C2), les applications TIC et l'apprentissage en ligne (C7), ainsi que la coopération internationale et régionale (C11) .

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Le soutientien de la Suisse et le plaidoyer pour la coopération multipartite

L'ambassadeur Thomas Gürber, représentant permanent de la Suisse auprès des Nations Unies à Genève, a apporté un soutien d'ouverture à l'initiative GIGA, décrivant la Suisse comme un soutien depuis ses débuts . Il a formulé la valeur de GIGA en termes de réponse à un problème concret : pour de nombreux enfants, l'absence de connectivité significative signifie moins d'opportunités d'apprentissage, moins de compétences numériques et un fossé plus grand avec ceux qui bénéficient déjà du monde numérique . Il a salué la méthodologie de GIGA - cartographier les lacunes, structurer les investissements et rassembler des expertises techniques, réglementaires et financières - ainsi que son caractère interagences, notant que l'UIT et l'UNICEF apportent chacun des atouts distincts tout en travaillant avec les gouvernements, les régulateurs, les partenaires de développement et le secteur privé .

Thomas Gürber a ensuite introduit une autre problématique récurrents de la séance : connecter les écoles est nécessaire mais pas suffisant. Il a déclaré que la connectivité est nécessaire, qu'elle constitue la première étape d'une série d'étapes qui doivent être suivies, et qu'une fois la connectivité en place, les pays ont également besoin de systèmes d'éducation numérique qui fonctionnent non seulement en théorie mais aussi en pratique, avec des plateformes, des contenus et des services qui s'articulent entre eux et que les enseignants et les élèves peuvent réellement utiliser . Il a exprimé l'espoir que la session aiderait à identifier ce dont les pays ont besoin, ce que les partenaires peuvent offrir, et comment la connectivité scolaire et les systèmes d'éducation numérique peuvent se renforcer mutuellement de manière durable .

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Premier panel : le yin - La connectivité dans le milieu scolaire

Le premier mini-panel, modéré par Ivan Monforte Fugarolas, Coordinateur du Centre GIGA à Barcelone, s'est concentré sur la dimension de la connectivité . Avant le début du panel, une courte vidéo a présenté la méthodologie étape par étape de GIGA, en commençant par la cartographie des écoles (« on ne peut pas connecter une école qu'on ne voit pas »), puis en passant par la planification de la connectivité, le financement mixte, la passation de marchés transparente et le renforcement des capacités . Ivan Monforte Fugarolas a présenté quatre problèmes simultanés à résoudre ensemble : des environnements réglementaires favorables, la capacité de planification gouvernementale à grande échelle, des modèles d'opérateurs privés durables et la mobilisation de capitaux au-delà des budgets publics .

Les cinq leçons du Kenya. Mary Kerema, secrétaire aux TIC, à l'Économie Numérique et aux Technologies Émergentes du ministère de l'Information, des Communications et de l'Économie Numérique du Kenya, a offert un témoignage exhaustif. Elle a présenté cinq leçons clés tirées de l'expérience du Kenya dans le déploiement à grande échelle de la connectivité scolaire . Premièrement, la connectivité doit être traitée comme une infrastructure numérique nationale, intégrée dans des investissements plus larges en matière de haut débit et d'accès universel, plutôt qu'abordée comme un projet scolaire isolé . Deuxièmement, l'infrastructure seule ne suffit pas : une école connectée nécessite également une électricité fiable, des appareils abordables, un réseau sécurisé, des contenus d'apprentissage numérique et des enseignants dont les capacités ont été renforcées pour utiliser la technologie avec confiance, notant que les enseignants « se détournent de la technologie » parce qu'ils n'ont pas été suffisamment équipés . Troisièmement, les partenariats et les collaborations entre le gouvernement, le secteur privé, les partenaires de développement, les communautés locales et les organisations internationales sont essentiels pour un investissement et une responsabilité partagés, car le gouvernement ne peut pas agir seul . Quatrièmement, des systèmes ouverts et interopérables sont essentiels pour éviter la dépendance vis-à-vis des fournisseurs, qui rend la durabilité, la croissance et le passage à l'échelle problématiques . Cinquièmement, et de manière la plus appuyée, la durabilité au-delà du soutien des donateurs est le plus grand défi. Selon Mary Kerema, certains des projets meurent une fois le soutien retiré, et selon elle, cela est inacceptable lorsque l'objectif est de construire l'avenir des enfants .

Mary Kerema a également offert des conseils pratiques aux pays cherchant à mettre en œuvre des initiatives telles que GIGA : commencer par des données précises et des enquêtes scolaires appropriées ; adopter une approche gouvernementale globale réunissant tous les ministères concernés ; tirer parti de ce qui a déjà été accompli plutôt que de tout réinventer ; prioriser l'inclusion afin que la connectivité ne produise pas de nouvelles formes d'exclusion ; et mesurer l'impact non pas par le nombre d'écoles connectées mais par le nombre de vies transformées, y compris la création d'emplois et les performances éducatives . Elle a conclu en affirmant que GIGA offre des ooportunités, combinant l'infrastructure, la politique, l'innovation et des partenariats solides pour garantir que chaque apprenant, quelle que soit sa situation géographique ou socioéconomique, ait accès à une éducation numérique de qualité .

Le témoignage du Mozambique. Socrates Titoce, représentant le Fonds d'Accès Universel du Mozambique, a fourni un témoignage saisissant sur la façon dont GIGA a transformé l'approche de son pays en matière de connectivité scolaire . Avant GIGA, le Mozambique avait connecté 310 écoles, mais avec une approche purement axée sur la connectivité et prescriptive en matière de technologie : toutes les écoles étaient connectées via des systèmes satellitaires LEO, il n'y avait pas de cartographie des écoles et aucune prise en compte de la protection de l'enfance, des solutions d'alimentation électrique ou des besoins plus larges de l'écosystème numérique . Après le partenariat GIGA et Banque mondiale, la méthodologie a fondamentalement changé : les écoles ont été cartographiées, la neutralité technologique a été adoptée afin que la meilleure solution de connectivité puisse être sélectionnée en fonction des conditions spécifiques de chaque école, la protection de l'enfance en ligne a été intégrée et des solutions d'alimentation électrique ont été incorporées car de nombreuses écoles mozambicaines manquent d'électricité . Le Mozambique s'est désormais engagé à étendre la connectivité à 10 000 écoles d'ici 2029 dans le cadre de l'initiative présidentielle « Mozambique pour Tous », le Fonds de Service Universel évoluant d'une approche par projet vers une obligation permanente de maintenir la connectivité scolaire après la fin du financement externe .

La perspective de Marché de Vodacom et le défi de l'écosystème. Ayman Essam, directeur des affaires externes du groupe Vodacom, a apporté a apporté un témoignage particulièrement politique au premier panel. Il a commencé par reconnaître que la connectivité est le premier facteur habilitant de l'éducation numérique, mais a soutenu qu'elle est dépend d'entreprises qui visent aussi à faire du profit, et on ne peut pas s'attendre à ce que les opérateurs investissent des milliards sans un retour économique viable . Il a soutenu que les régulateurs doivent permettre non seulement les licences, le spectre, les tours et l'infrastructure fibre, mais aussi un marché équitable avec une concurrence à conditions égales pour générer de la valeur économique pour les investisseurs . Il a ensuite déclaré que les gouvernements veulent simultanément satisfaire les électeurs, attirer les investissements et extraire des recettes fiscales maximales des opérateurs, puis « s'étonnent que les pays ne se développent pas » - une contradiction structurelle qui, selon lui, n'est pas réellement abordée avec transparence .

Ayman Essam a ensuite étendu l'analyse au-delà des structures scolaires pour englober l'environnement domestique complet. Il a décrit la situation d'un enfant à qui GIGA a remis une tablette à l'école et qui doit la laisser sur place en rentrant chez lui, qui n'a pas de connectivité à la maison et dont le tuteur pourrait vendre l'appareil pour acheter de la nourriture - soutenant que « nous pensons à l'éducation en termes d'un simple bâtiment, d'une école, de gens assis dans l'école, de beaux enfants, de belles photos, tenant des tablettes. Mais en réalité, cette tablette doit rentrer à la maison avec eux » . Il a fait référence à la pyramide des besoins de Maslow pour soutenir que la sécurité alimentaire doit précéder l'éducation, et que l'écosystème d'éducation numérique doit englober la connectivité à domicile, les appareils à emporter chez soi, l'habilitation numérique des parents et la stabilité économique des ménages . S'appuyant sur l'expérience de Vodafone Égypte, il a décrit comment le fait de doter les mères de compétences numériques, d'appareils et de connectivité avait eu un effet multiplicateur sur les résultats éducatifs et économiques de l'ensemble de la famille, étayé par des données d'enquête plutôt que par des opinions .

Ayman Essam a également soulevé la question de l'insensibilité culturelle de l'IA, décrivant comment un étudiant kényan utilisant les principales plateformes d'IA recevrait « une réponse d'inspiration occidentale, traduite linguistiquement, qui est culturellement insensible à la culture kényane », un constat qu'il avait personnellement vérifié . Il a noté que Vodacom et la GSMA travaillent sur l'inclusion des langues africaines dans les grands modèles de langage, et a décrit les solutions de la Fondation Vodafone Group pour les contextes mal desservis, y compris les camps de réfugiés .

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Deuxième panel : le yang - Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public

Le deuxième mini-panel, modéré par Mark West, représentant de l'UNESCO, a déplacé l'attention vers l'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public et la question de savoir comment la connectivité peut être mise à profit pour une éducation numérique significative .

L'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public Frank van Cappelle, responsable de l'initiative Passerelles vers l'apprentissage numérique public de l'UNICEF, a expliqué que les plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique sont un concept relativement nouveau et émergent qui a pris de l'importance pendant la COVID-19, lorsque de nombreux gouvernements ont mis des contenus éducatifs en ligne, qui ont en grande partie disparu après la pandémie . L'initiative Passerelles encourage les gouvernements à investir dans des plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique. Elle a permis d'élaborer les premières orientations normatives et les premiers principes sur ce qui constitue une plateforme efficace, inclusive et de haute qualité . Avec 35 pays membres et environ 50 pays ayant bénéficié du réseau, Passerelles fonctionne comme une communauté de pratique où les pays apprennent les uns des autres dans un paysage en rapide évolution .

Frank Van Cappelle a souligné que les plateformes publiques d'apprentissage numérique peuvent servir des publics divers au-delà des élèves scolarisés, notamment les enfants non scolarisés, les enfants en situation d'urgence, les enfants en situation de handicac et les minorités linguistiques . Il a cité l'exemple de l'Indonésie, qui a construit une plateforme destinée aux enseignants, accessible via leurs smartphones, même dans les écoles sans appareils pour les apprenants, spécifiquement conçue pour répondre aux difficultés des enseignants éloignés manquant d'opportunités de développement professionnel . Il a conclu en reprenant le point soulevé plus tôt par Mary Kerema : « l'objectif final n'est pas de construire ces plateformes. L'objectif final est d'avoir un impact pour les enfants », notamment à travers l'éducation de rattrapage, l'apprentissage accéléré et la fourniture de bouées de sauvetage pour les enfants incapables d'accéder physiquement à l'école .

L'architecture technique de l'UIT : GIGA Plus et l'infrastructure publique numérique. Hani Eskandar, responsable principal du projet GIGA à l'UIT, a présenté ce qu'il a décrit comme « GIGA Plus » - une couche d'infrastructure numérique publique pour l'éducation qui va au-delà de la connectivité . Il a commencé par remettre en question une hypothèse répandue : la prochaine étape après la connexion d'une école serait d'équiper les élèves de tablettes et d'installer le Wi-Fi dans chaque salle de classe. Il a soutenu que cela est extrêmement coûteux, pas réalisable pour de nombreux pays dans un avenir proche, et peut ne pas être pédagogiquement optimal, citant des études récentes suggérant que « nous devrions peut-être reculer un peu sur l'introduction de trop de technologie dans la salle de classe car elle distrait simplement les gens de l'apprentissage » et que l'apprentissage des mathématiques avec une feuille de papier peut mieux développer les capacités cognitives .

À la place, Hani Eskandar a proposé un référentiel de contenus d'apprentissage numérique comme étape intermédiaire plus réalisable et plus impactante. Il a établi une distinction technique nette entre un Système de Gestion de l'Apprentissage (Learning Management System ou LMS) déployé comme outil de classe et un référentiel de contenus construit comme infrastructure numérique publique : dans un LMS, le contenu est fragmenté, non consultable, non cartographié par rapport au programme scolaire et non soumis à une assurance qualité ; dans un référentiel d'apprentissage numérique, le contenu est codé, placé dans une base de données, cartographié par rapport au programme scolaire et rendu accessible via des API . Cette approche permet aux innovateurs tiers d'accéder aux contenus officiels du programme scolaire et de construire des outils culturellement sensibles et alignés sur le programme par-dessus, et permet à l'IA de générer des plans de cours basés sur des contenus gouvernementaux officiellement sélectionnés . Il a décrit trois éléments constitutifs de l'infrastructure numérique publique pour l'éducation : premièrement, un référentiel de contenus cartographié par rapport au programme scolaire, sélectionné et accessible au public, ciblant principalement les enseignants ; deuxièmement, une infrastructure de données éducatives interopérable qui intègre des données de l'éducation formelle, informelle et professionnelle pour créer des registres d'apprenants fiables ; et troisièmement, des accréditations éducatives vérifiables qui reconnaissent les acquis d'apprentissage, y compris les micro-accréditations, de manière fiable et portable . Il a conclu que cette approche pourrait améliorer l'éducation sans nécessiter de tablettes dans chaque école, en donnant aux enseignants accès à des contenus de haute qualité .

L'exemple du Cambodge. SOK Puthyvuth, secrétaire d'état du ministère des Postes et Télécommunications du Cambodge, a décrit le parcours de dix ans du Cambodge pour adopter un système national de gestion de l'apprentissage . Le processus a commencé par l'élaboration de cadres politiques pour l'économie numérique et la société, ce qui a conduit à la prise de conscience qu'une vision partagée entre les ministères était nécessaire et qu'une plateforme d'apprentissage numérique était un élément essentiel du puzzle . La COVID-19 a accéléré le besoin, car les écoles qui avaient adopté la technologie ont montré des notes d'élèves plus élevées, dissipant tout doute restant sur l'utilité de la technologie . Le Cambodge a choisi des plateformes open source pour des raisons de coût et parce que la communauté open source fournit des normes intégrées et un large soutien des développeurs, évitant les dépenses et la complexité de la construction de systèmes sur mesure . Un enseignement méthodologique clé a été de commencer par une seule école et d'investir pleinement dans la compréhension de chaque point de friction et de chaque coût avant de passer à l'échelle, en créant une liste de contrôle reproductible qui aide à distinguer les vrais problèmes des plaintes infondées . Le Cambodge connecte actuellement près de 100 de ses plus de 13 000 écoles via GIGA, avec des plans pour accélérer via l'initiative Paasserelles afin de garantir que l'architecture soit durable et évolutive .

Mark West, dans ses remarques de transition entre les présentations du Cambodge et de l'Afrique du Sud, a également mis en avant l'exemple de la Chine, où une plateforme qui a commencé comme un petit projet de soutien aux écoles rurales a grandi pour servir l'ensemble du pays, attirant finalement plus de 150 millions de visiteurs quotidiens, illustrant l'échelle potentielle d'une infrastructure d'apprentissage numérique gouvernée au niveau national .

L'approche de l'Afrique du Sud. Jeanette Morwane, directrice générale adjointe au département des Communications et des Technologies Numériques d'Afrique du Sud, a décrit comment l'Afrique du Sud avait historiquement souffert de budgets TIC ministériels fragmentés et d'un manque de vision partagée, aboutissant à des projets d'éducation numérique qui étaient pilotés mais jamais mis à l'échelle . La COVID-19 a exposé l'inégalité de manière criante : les enfants des zones rurales dépendant des écoles publiques ont dû arrêter d'apprendre, tandis que ceux des écoles privées disposant d'une infrastructure ont continué en ligne . Le tournant est venu lorsque le bureau du président a créé une Unité de Services Numériques pour coordonner tous les ministères, chaque ministre se voyant attribuer un rôle dans une feuille de route de transformation numérique . Cette coordination au niveau présidentiel a permis l'alignement inter-ministériel, les demandes de financement collectives au cabinet et une voie vers des budgets approuvés durables pour des projets numériques qui étaient auparavant restés bloqués en phase pilote . La plateforme citoyenne d'Afrique du Sud, MyMzansi, a mis en place une tarification zéro pour tous les services gouvernementaux afin que les personnes sans données abordables puissent y accéder sans interruption . Le gouvernement travaille également avec le ministère des Finances et le service des Impôts d'Afrique du Sud pour réduire le coût des appareils intelligents . Sur l'IA, l'Afrique du Sud investit dans la recherche et le développement pour construire des grands modèles de langage utilisant des langues autochtones, afin de préserver la culture et de construire une souveraineté en matière d'IA plutôt que de s'appuyer uniquement sur des outils d'IA étrangers .

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Discussion avec le public : solutions hors lignes, gouvernance de l'IA et apprentissage continu

La discussion ouverte a généré un riche ensemble de questions et de contributions venant de la salle. Le fondateur d'une entreprise indienne de renforcement des capacités en IA a décrit la diffusion d'une formation à l'IA responsable auprès d'éducatrices rurales via WhatsApp dans des langues régionales à travers des vidéos courtes, rapportant des preuves précoces de changement de comportement chez les éducatrices qui transmettaient ensuite leur apprentissage à leurs communautés . Un étudiant de l'Université de Stanford a demandé s'il existe un moyen réalisable et efficace de résoudre le problème monoculturel de l'IA afin que celle-ci puisse être intégrée comme élément constitutif dans l'éducation numérique . Un expert en qualité des données de Codata a soulevé des préoccupations concernant la nature probabiliste des grands modèles de langage, notant que la même question peut donner des réponses différentes et s'interrogeant sur la pertinence de cela à des fins éducatives . Un représentant de l'OMC a demandé des éclaircissements sur le séquençage et la complémentarité entre GIGA et Passerelles, et sur les ministères qui servent de contreparties pour chaque initiative . Le fondateur d'une organisation technologique à but non lucratif travaillant en Afrique du Sud et au Kenya a demandé comment les initiatives contournent les goulots d'étranglement infrastructurels tels que le manque de tablettes et de connectivité, et si des solutions hors ligne et des acteurs locaux sont intégrés . Un responsable mexicain de la politique numérique a partagé que l'alignement des programmes de connectivité avec le déploiement d'appareils dans le cadre d'un programme intégré unique, avec des pénalités contractuelles pour non-performance, avait été essentiel pour numériser 25 millions d'élèves et 1,5 million d'enseignants . Un chercheur de l'Université de Xiamen a soulevé la question de la manière dont les universités peuvent remplir leur rôle dans les transitions d'apprentissage tout au long de la vie à l'ère de l'IA .

En réponse, Jeanette Morwane a décrit les initiatives de tarification zéro et d'accessibilité des appareils, et a noté que l'investissement de l'Afrique du Sud dans les systèmes de modèle de langage en langues autochtones est une réponse directe à l'insensibilité culturelle de l'IA . SOK Puthyvuth a exprimé son optimisme quant au potentiel de l'IA pour l'apprentissage continu, la comparant à la calculatrice, mais a soutenu que chaque pays a besoin de son propre système de modèle de langage et que faire de l'IA une forme d'infrastructure numérique publique pourrait aider à équilibrer les intérêts des utilisateurs et des propriétaires de technologie . Mary Kerema a décrit une approche intégrée de l'environnement numérique couvrant la connectivité Internet, les appareils, les laboratoires numériques, la sécurité, le renforcement des capacités pour les enseignants et les citoyens, le Wi-Fi public, les hubs numériques, les clubs numériques et les programmes d'emplois numériques . Le représentant du Mozambique a reconnu que le pays ne dispose toujours pas d'une plateforme nationale d'apprentissage numérique et fait face à des défis d'accessibilité des appareils, de coûts élevés des données, de formation des enseignants et de la nécessité de numériser les programmes scolaires dans de nombreuses langues locales .

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Remarques de clôture : complémentarité, éducation centrée sur l'humain et programme post-2030

La COVID-19 a servi de catalyseur dans plusieurs pays représentés à la session, accélérant l'urgence des investissements dans l'éducation numérique et exposant des inégalités préexistantes - un thème qui est revenu dans les contributions du Cambodge, de l'Afrique du Sud et d'autres. Clara Cabrera Brasero, l'ambassadrice d'Espagne à l'office des Nations Unies à Genève, a fourni des remarques de clôture qui ont réaffirmé le soutien de l'Espagne à GIGA depuis sa création, notamment à travers le Centre GIGA à Barcelone, et a appelé à ce que le modèle de coordination interagences de GIGA soit étendu à d'autres agences de l'ONU et au système multilatéral plus large . Elle a encadré l'éducation numérique comme faisant partie d'un nouveau contrat social, soulignant la nécessité d'une éducation numérique centrée sur l'humain avec une supervision humaine, et reliant les initiatives GIGA et Passerelles au programme plus large de gouvernance de l'IA, y compris la coalition pour la protection des enfants dans l'IA lancée la veille . Elle a conclu en affirmant qu'« il n'y a pas de progrès, pas de justice, pas de paix sans une véritable éducation », et que l'Espagne continuerait à soutenir GIGA et à s'engager avec tous les participants dans le cadre d'une feuille de route pour la voie à suivre .

Sobhi Tawil de l'UNESCO, directeur de la division pour l'avenir de l'apprentissage et de l'innovation et directeur par intérim du bureau international d'éducation, a fourni la synthèse finale. Il a encadré le contenu de la session autour des trois piliers du Sommet sur la transformation de l'éducation de 2022 : la connectivité, les compétences numériques et le contenu numérique . Alors que GIGA aborde le premier pilier, l'initiative Passerelles aborde le troisième, qui permet d'organiser le matériel pédagogique, d'assurer la qualité et la pertinence contextuelle, de protéger la sécurité et la vie privée des enfants, et de s'aligner sur les normes des programmes scolaires locaux et nationaux . Il a salué la complémentarité entre GIGA et Gateways, et entre l'UIT, l'UNICEF et l'UNESCO, comme « un excellent exemple de l'ONU travaillant comme une seule entité, apprenant des pays et soutenant les pays » . En regardant vers l'avenir, il a noté que les deux priorités de l'UNESCO sous la nouvelle direction - l'IA et l'éducation, et le programme de développement post-2030 - font des initiatives combinées GIGA et Passerelles un moyen essentiel d'avancer ensemble sur l'avenir de l'apprentissage .

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Tensions principales et questions non résolues

Malgré un consensu général, plusieurs tensions implicites ont émergé au cours de la discussion. La plus significative concernait le rôle des systèmes LMS : les remarques de Hani Eskandar étaient spécifiquement dirigées contre le déploiement d'outils LMS comme instruments au niveau de la salle de classe, arguant qu'ils sont fragmentés et mal adaptés en tant qu'infrastructure numérique publique , tandis que la stratégie nationale réussie du Cambodge est construite autour d'une plateforme LMS au niveau national . Cette distinction n'a pas été explicitement abordée lors de la session, laissant la contradiction apparente non résolue. Une deuxième tension existait entre l'argument orienté marché de Vodacom selon lequel les gouvernements doivent créer des environnements favorables aux retours sur investissement et l'accent mis par les représentants gouvernementaux sur les mandats publics, les obligations de service universel et les mécanismes de durabilité dirigés par le gouvernement . Une troisième tension concernait le rôle approprié de la technologie dans la salle de classe : Hani Eskandar a cité des études suggérant qu'une technologie excessive peut distraire de l'apprentissage , tandis que le Cambodge, le Kenya et Vodacom ont tous implicitement ou explicitement soutenu une plus grande intégration de la technologie .

Plusieurs questions importantes sont restées non résolues à la clôture de la session : comment le biais monoculturel de l'IA peut être systématiquement abordé pour les apprenants non occidentaux ? Comment valider et assurer la qualité des contenus éducatifs dans des contextes culturels et linguistiques divers ? Comment concevoir des solutions capables de fonctionner sans connexion pour les écoles qui ne disposent pas d'une connectivité avancée ? Comment étendre les bénéfices de l'éducation numérique de l'école à l'écosystème domestique ? Et comment construire et maintenir des grands modèles de langage nationaux dans les pays à revenus plus faibles manquant de la capacité technique et des ressources financières pour le faire de manière indépendante ? Ces questions, laissées ouvertes par la session, pointent vers le programme de recherche et de politique qui devra être abordé si les ambitions de GIGA et de l'initiative Passerelles doivent être pleinement réalisées dans le paysage de développement post-2030.

Alex Wong
session. So we know for WSIS, the people sitting in the room here are really the technical experts and are really following what's happening. So I wanted to first thank you for joining. There's a lot going on right now. It is a nice and cool air -conditioned room. So I don't feel, I feel a little worse that I'm wearing a t -shirt because it was hot in the other rooms. But anyhow, welcome all for this session after lunch. And it's a great session that we think really demonstrates WSIS in action, focused on education. So this session, we're calling it the connected and coherent, the yin and yang of digital education. So all of us know that education systems are now becoming digital. It's happening, for better or for worse. Yet we still know that 2 .2 billion people remain unconnected. That includes roughly 500 million children and young people. And it is coming. And now we have AI. AI is now entering the schools, entering the classrooms. So we have to accept this. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. It's happening. But now we have to make sure, especially that the systems are designed. that are governed and aligned properly with public education objectives so that the use of technology is meaningful and to the benefit. This is why the basis of this session is a collaboration between three UN agencies. We're really pleased and honoured that we have our partners from UNICEF and UNESCO here. I'm with the ITU. I didn't introduce myself. Alex Wong, Senior Advisor in the Office of the Secretary General, overseeing special initiatives. But together with our colleagues from UNICEF, who, as you all know, focuses on the rights of children, and UNESCO, who really drives the vision on education and pedagogical functions, together the three agencies have combined to bring you this session, but more importantly to work together on this challenge of ensuring education is meaningful for all. We call it the yin and the yang because, first of all, with UNICEF, ITU has the GIGA initiative. I have the T -shirt, the GIGA T -shirt. That's our initiative that we've had since 2019 to connect every school to the internet. And we're really honored that we have 54 countries now part of GIGA, including some of the colleagues here on the panel who also wear a hat of making sure schools get connected. That's the yin, I guess. Actually, I wasn't told which is the yin and which is the yang. The yang, then, is the gateways, the Charter for Digital Public Learning and the Gateways Initiative, of which ITU is now part of together with UNESCO and UNICEF. And this, of course, gateways is about how do you actually leverage the connectivity and have the right platforms in place so that you have meaningful education for all. Now, to WSIS, for those of you that follow the WSIS process, the reason why we think the work we're doing, whether it's GIGA or through the gateways and the Charter, are exemplary for WSIS because we touch on multiple action lines. Action line C2, which is infrastructure and communications infrastructure, that's the connectivity. Action line C2. C7, which is around ICT applications and e -learning. And C11, which is international and regional cooperation. And that's, of course, not just the three UN agencies, but all stakeholders, the governments. the civil society, the private sector, many of who are represented on this panel. A final comment, then, is that what comes out of this session, we're really excited that timing -wise on Friday in Paris, UNESCO is hosting the Transforming Education Summit Plus Four. So for those of you that remember, four years ago, the Secretary General of the United Nations, together with the Deputy Secretary General, convened the Transforming Education Summit. Many declarations and commitments were made. We are really honoured that together with UNESCO, we've actually done things, and we're looking forward to reporting back at the Test Plus Four in Paris on Friday. So what comes out of this session is a bit of an input into the session. So the timing of WSIS and the Test Plus Four are perfect on that. So to then close my part and introduce our next speaker, I wanted to recognize... both our countries of Switzerland and Spain. So we have our Spain colleague, Her Excellency Clara Bracero, making a closing remark. But I now have the pleasure to introduce His Excellency Ambassador Thomas Gerber, who is the permanent representative of Switzerland to the United Nations here in Geneva, one of our founding fathers of Giga as well, and, of course, one of our founding champions of WSIS. So it's very appropriate for me to hand the floor over to Ambassador Gerber.
Thomas Gürber
Well, thank you very much, Alex. And, ladies and gentlemen, dear colleagues, a very good afternoon to all of you. It's really a great pleasure for me to join you today for this WSIS session on digital education here in Geneva. As Alex has said, Switzerland has followed and supported Giga since its early days. We were convinced by the initiative, and we still are today. because it starts from a very concrete problem. For many children, the lack of any meaningful connectivity means fewer learning opportunities, fewer digital skills and a wider gap with those who already benefit from the digital world. GIGA tackles this problem head on with a very ambitious agenda and vision. It works with governments. It maps gaps. It helps structure investments. It brings together the technical, regulatory and financial expertise needed to implement this ambitious vision. This is also why GIGA is and continues to be an interesting example for the UN system as a whole. It is an interagency initiative between the ITU and UNICEF. And each of these two organizations, of course, brings its own strengths. But it also works with governments, regulators, development partners and the private sector, which is, of course, critically important to produce the kind of impact the initiative has produced. This kind of cooperation is not always easy, but it is exactly what is needed and what we encourage as a host country in many other contexts as well in our support to international organizations, agencies and different kinds of stakeholders. Today's session adds an important dimension. Connecting schools is essential, but it's not the only step. It's necessary. The first step in a series of steps which we need to keep tracking. Once connectivity is there, countries also need digital education systems that work, not only in theory, but also in practice. Platforms, content and services must fit together, must be neatly and intelligently aligned Teachers and pupils must be able to use them and ministries must be able to manage them appropriately Giga fits naturally in Geneva's international ecosystem This city brings together stakeholders who work on education, including education in emergencies of course On telecommunications, on development, on humanitarian action more broadly and on digital governance And this initiative clearly benefits and is relevant for all of these different spaces I hope that today's discussion will not only be interesting but also practical And I hope you have a good day I hope it will help identify what countries need, what partners can offer and how we can collectively make school connectivity and digital education systems reinforce each other in a sustainable, long -term manner. So I wish you and all of us a very productive exchange, and I look forward to the discussion. Thank you very much.
Alex Wong
So, colleagues, we're going to have in this session two mini panels. The first is focusing on the yin, which is around the connectivity element, as I mentioned earlier. And the second mini panel will happen afterwards, which will focus on the yang, which is now how do we use the connectivity for the digital transformation of education. So let me introduce and hand the floor over to my colleague, Ivan Monforti, who is the coordinator of our GIGA Center in Barcelona, who is taking the place of Irene Cagua, who is handling some of the responsibilities. So, Ivan, over to you to moderate this first panel. Thank you. we will begin with that.
Ivan Monforte Fugarolas
Thank you Alex and good afternoon everyone and thank you for being here on such a busy week and to find a space in your busy agendas to attend this session and a special thanks to our distinguished panelists for accepting the invitation to participate in this session. So I will briefly introduce them. So on my right side I have Mrs. Mary Kerema, Secretary of ICT Digital Economy and Emerging Technology from the Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy from Kenya. So thanks for being here with us. Then we have Mr. Socrates Titoce from the Mozambique Universal and Service Access Fund. Thanks for accepting the invitation and last but not least we have Mr. Ayman Essam, Chief External Affairs Officer from Vodacom Group. Before starting the panel we want to play a short video about Giga.
Video Narrator
Every child has dreams, but not every child has connection. Around the world, children are not fulfilling their potential. The internet could open doors for their future, but they go to schools without internet connectivity. Half of all schools are not yet connected. Giga is changing that. We help governments connect schools, step by step. We start with maps, because you can't connect a school you can't see. Then comes the model. We analyse infrastructure, gaps, associated costs, and provide a connectivity plan. We unlock finance. Public budgets, development banks and investments work together. Children don't know what blended finance is, but they will quickly feel its impact. We help governments sign contracts. Enabling transparent, efficient procurement, that accelerates school connectivity and saves costs. and we provide a range of opportunities to develop capacity, to strengthen skills of stakeholders and share best practice and our tools and services. That's how we'll get the internet into every school, so that children can access the biggest resource for learning, bridge the digital divide and see the world, beyond their village, town or city. In the digital age, every child deserves an equal opportunity to turn their dreams into reality. Now I can say I am a full student of the 21st century.
Ivan Monforte Fugarolas
Thank you. So as we can see, connecting every school to the internet is not a single problem, it is four problems that must be solved simultaneously, So we can do it together. The regulatory environment must enable investments. Governments must be able to plan and execute at scale. Private operators must find a sustainable model to participate on. And the final architecture must mobilize capital beyond what public budgets can provide. GIGA exists precisely at the intersection of these four challenges, and this panel brings together the actors who are solving each one in the real world. So now we are starting the panel. I'll do one initial question for each panelist, and then we will open the discussion with the audience. So the first question is to Kenya. So Mary, as governments move from pilot projects to nationwide implementation, what lessons has Kenya learned about scaling school connectivity? And what advice would you offer? countries and stakeholders seeking to build sustainability, inclusive connectivity ecosystems through initiatives such as GIGA.
Mary Kerema
Thank you so much. Really, I'm glad to be here representing my minister. And I think for Kenya, the lessons that we have greatly learned, the first that really brings everything into the perspective is that really connecting schools should not be looked at just giving schools Internet. We need to look at connectivity as a whole end -to -end digital ecosystem. And the end result should be about the impact. What is the difference that that connectivity or that Internet has brought to that child, has brought to that teacher? And the greatest lesson that we've learned, I'll just give five lessons that Kenya has learned, is that we need to treat connectivity. Connectivity is a national digital infrastructure. because many countries are approaching connectivity just about that it is about just connecting a school. But we need to connect or integrate this into the broader investments of the country in terms of broadband, in terms of universal access initiatives, rather than just doing an isolated project to the schools. And this is about reducing costs and really making sure that we maximize on the public investment. The second lesson is that infrastructure alone is not enough. A connected school will require reliable electricity, which is a great challenge in Kenya. This school also needs affordable devices, a secure network, a digital learning content. And lastly, a digital, I mean, a secure network and teachers who are really capacity, who have been capacity built to take this initiative with confidence. Because what we are seeing across schools is that teachers are shying off from technology. And why? It's because we've not capacity built them. We've not equipped them so that they can take this connectivity positively and utilize it in the classroom. The third one, we've learned that really partnerships, collaborations are very key because government cannot go at it alone. And I think collaborating with the private sector, the development partners, local communities. International organizations is really key to have a shared investment and shared accountability. The fourth one. is that we need to adopt open and interoperable systems. Of course, Kenya, we are trying. We are not there. We're coming from isolated, individualized implementation of systems. But we are calling upon everybody, and government is leading this, that we need to really act as a whole of government in order to make sure that we have impact on the investments that we are making. And this is greatly. Once we go open and interoperable, then we avoid vendor locking because we'll have people who are deploying solutions that are really closed. So sustainability, growth, and scaling becomes a problem. And lastly, what's the greatest lesson? Sustainability. We need to move beyond donor support. We need to move beyond the GIGA support. GIGA is a good project, but how do we sustain it? How do we scale it? Because beyond GIGA, we should be able to continue with the initiatives. But we are seeing projects that are dying once the support goes. And really, it is unfortunate. And given that we are building the future, we need to build the future of the children. With sustainability in mind. So that we don't introduce these projects and tomorrow we will not have them in the schools. For me, for countries that are trying to come in to implement initiatives such as GIGA, I would want to advise that we need to start with accurate data. Can we do our survey properly? Can we get to know where our schools are? What are the other initiatives that have ever been done so that we build on that instead of reinventing the wheel? Secondly, another lesson, another advice is that you need to approach these initiatives with a whole -of -government approach. Bring all the partners on the table because connectivity, we've said it's about power, it's about devices, it's about security. Security, all this, we need to work as a team, a whole -of -government, bringing all the ministries that have a stake in this project. Of course, I've said you need to leverage on what has already been done instead of doing it again. And we need to also prioritize inclusion because we don't want to implement connectivity and it brings about exclusion. We need to make sure that nobody is left behind. and how do you bring inclusion ensure that we embrace the current technologies AI is here with us AI should bring equalization that it doesn't matter which school a child is going with that rural school with an urban school that those children need to be equalized in terms of the education that they are getting and really lastly it's about making sure that we can measure impact not about saying how many schools have been connected it's not enough it is how many lives have you impacted how many children have transformed in terms of performance in their schools and even as they leave schools how many jobs have we been able to create by making sure that schools are connected and also what impact as the society has Currently, there's a lot of migration to the urban, looking for jobs. But connectivity, Internet, a whole digital ecosystem can create jobs where the children are. They don't have to move. So, therefore, we need to make sure that we have clear metrics and clear KPIs that can enable us to make sure that we are able to measure this impact. So, therefore, for me, the GIGA project really presents beyond connectivity. It's about opportunities. So, we can leverage on GIGA. We combine infrastructure policy, innovation, and strong partnerships. We can be able to ensure that every learner, regardless of geographical or socioeconomic background, has access to quality digital education and skills. Needed for the industry today. Thank you very much.
Ivan Monforte Fugarolas
Thank you, Secretary. And I think that it's a very interesting intervention to open the discussions because you covered several topics that would allow us to connect with the second panel that we can discuss later on. Now we will move to Mozambique. So, Mr. Socrates, what regulatory instruments have proven most effective in attracting private investment towards school connectivity? And how are you navigating the balance between economical sustainability and the universal service mandate in low -density areas?
Socrates Titoce
Good afternoon, everyone. I'm honored to be here representing the Mozambique Communication Authority and the Universal Service Fund. Before I answer your question, let me share with you the experience of Mozambique before GIGA. And after GIGA, it's quite important to... to do this comparison because the evolution started with Giga. Before Giga, in Mozambique, we started deploying 310 schools, connected 310 schools, but it was just focused on connectivity only, just Internet. We didn't think about other points without just Internet. The technology was prescriptive. So it limited innovations because all the 300 schools were connected by Leo satellite systems, and there were no school mapping. But fortunately, after Giga and World Bank partnership, we changed the methodology of the implementation of the school project in Mozambique. we started mapping the schools because before that we didn't know the school, where they are, what are the conditions of each school we just deployed the solution, satellite solution and provided internet for the students but after Giga Support Partnership it changed the way we think about the project, we started mapping the school as I said, the technology now is neutrality, I think that for each school for each specific condition of the school, it will be decided what will be the best connectivity system to provide internet for the school and then we started doing a completely internet connectivity design solution not just providing wifi internet for the students but also providing security, child protection, what I think is the most important thing that must discuss when you think about deploying Internet solutions and connectivity in schools. We also integrated power solutions because in Mozambique there are too many schools without any power. So we need to think about what is the best solution, the power solution to connect the schools. And after that now we are moving to expand the connections for 10 ,000 schools until 2029. And I can say that for us now school connectivity is not just a project. It remains as the central government mandate. Last year our president, he launched the initiative Mozambique for All. where we expect to connect everyone until 2030. So the Universal Service Fund, before GIGA, just connectivity, but after GIGA, we are studying that it must be an obligation to make sure that Universal Service Fund can continue providing service with the project because one day GIGA and World Bank will start funding us. And I think that under Universal Service Fund, we can continue providing sustainability of the school connectivity at schools. I think that under partnership with providers, local providers, now the technology is neutral. So we are... We are able to do partnership with different providers, not only one. And I think that on this intervention, we can improve our school connectivity project in Mozambique. Thank you.
Ivan Monforte Fugarolas
Thank you, sir. Thank you for your intervention and for sharing your experience just before or after GIGA. And thanks for contributing to GIGA with your experience on the implementation side and how we start seeing that the challenges evolve from not having connectivity to other new problems or challenges like child online protection, cybersecurity, or economical sustainability, among others. And now we will move to Vodacom. So I will pass the floor to Mr. Eymann. Some partnership structures or commercial models have proven most replicable across different markets. What do you foresee as the critical enables that allow a private operator to serve school sustainability where the business is more flexible? This case alone does not hold on itself independently. Thank you.
Ayman Essam
Thank you. So when I think about education and I think about all the digital ecosystem as colleagues here have highlighted, connectivity comes to mind as the first enabler. But then it's not only connectivity. Connectivity is underlined by the economic desire of players to do connectivity because you cannot really go and ask operators to go and invest billions in whichever currency that is just because they're in love with a particular country and they just want to throw their money down the drain. There has to be some economic return. So when we think about regulators enabling, they're not only required to enable connectivity in terms of licenses, spectrum, towers, permits, fiber infrastructure, digging rights, right of way. They also need to consider how do they enable a fair, equitable marketplace that provides an opportunity for a decent competition on a level playing field to drive economic value to investors. So that's the number one underlying problem, which is, to be very, very honest, is not happening for so many reasons. It's not happening. So that's one. Because just – and I'll address it. I've always been told that I'm politically incorrect, so I'll continue my life to be politically incorrect. So governments want everything at the same time. Governments want to please people, to win votes, and they want investors. to bring in money and employment and pay taxes. And then they squeeze them in for more taxes and more taxes and more taxes and more taxes. And then please more people, more people, more people as elections are coming. Then eventually, investors are not making money. But then they squeeze them even more and more and more for education, for initiatives, to support this, to support that. And then they wonder why countries are not developing. And it's like they're always surprised. I meet with ministers, presidents, prime ministers in so many of the countries, and they're always like super surprised. Like, why is my country not really developing? What's wrong? And the answer is very simple. You just need to take some serious decisions to enable investors to have value. the ecosystem. So that's enabler number one. Enabler number two, and he'll talk about the physics of it. So very simply put, connectivity, and this includes fiber, includes microwave, includes spectrum, includes towers, includes knowing where schools are in the context of education, and knowing where schools are not only for the physical presence of a building that we call school, because school has to be a community driver. So if we're, you cannot really just go and install a tower out of, you know, like in the middle of nowhere, because there's a school there. There has to be, first, an economic value that this tower can bring, and educational value, because kids, I mean, let's just try to oversimplify it. You have a kid that Giga had provided. connectivity to in school. But then as soon as they leave school, they're completely disconnected. Is this reasonable? Does it make sense? And they have a tablet that Giga provided with the co -financing. But then as soon as the kid goes back home, they have to leave the tablet in school because it doesn't belong to them. It belongs to the school. Then they're required to go and study the digital LMS -based content at home but with no device and no connectivity. And with parents, that if they had actually seen the device in the hands of their kid, they would take it and sell it to get a chicken or an egg. Correct or am I just fantasizing? So this is where the real problem is. We think about education in terms of just a building, school, people sitting in the school, lovely kids, great picture, holding tablets. But then in reality, this tablet needs to go home with them. And when they go home, they need to have connectivity at home as well because they need to review that content when they go home. And when they go home and they read the content, the parents need to enable that and they need to have energy, just like my colleague here had said, they need to have energy at home as well, not only in the school, to charge that tablet when they go home. And the mother and the father or whomever, the caregiver of that child, would need to have food on the table so they don't have to take the tablet from the kid and sell it to get an egg or a chicken. That's the ecosystem. And we just tend to think of education. Education, let's go and do lovely digital content. I absolutely love it. In Vodacorp, we do content. educational content. But again, I would say when I think about it, and it would sound like bragging, and I am bragging, but it's not for the purpose of bragging. It's for the purpose of taking it as trying to come up with a model to try and help us all think through this. So in one of Vodafone companies, Vodafone Egypt, where I originally come from, we thought about this particular problem. The whole ecosystem. And we realized that the problem is actually not in the child, and not in the school, and not in the connectivity. The real issue comes in the mother. So if we're able to enable the mother, the mother, by design, enables the whole family. And surveys said that. It's not an opinion. Surveys said that. and in the context of Egypt and I don't want to like overthink this in multiple other political or gender based thinking but in Egypt for that context this is what the survey came up with and the solution was let's go and enable the mother let's provide the mother with digitization give the mother a handset teach the mother a skill let the mother make money provide connectivity to where the mother is and where the school is and then ask the mother to go and try to help and mother started making money and when mother started making money that's when everything happens so when we think about ecosystems we need to think about these people cannot be like educated but cannot really eat because education comes right after food in the Maslow permit need to eat first and then you get educated. I just want you to keep this in mind. Then we need to talk about handset penetration. We need to talk about AI. So AI, since we're in the AI for Good Summit, thinking about AI is basically where, and I talk about Africa here, where my colleagues from Kenya and Mozambique are there. Here we have a problem in the African languages. So there are thousands of languages of Africa, and AI does not consider those. So basically, if a Kenyan boy in school, connected school with digital LMS, with a tablet that was provided by Giga in the co -financing concept, they type in a request. on a Meta AI or Google AI or God knows who AI, cloud, you name it. And they ask the question, the answer they will get is a Western -based, language -translated answer that is culturally insensitive to the Kenyan culture. This is the true answer. And I tested it. This is what happens. So we're asking people to go and get learning in LMS, in digitally connected tablets. I love that. The whole sentence is absolutely great. But then when you think about it, I ask AI a question and I get an insensitive, whether it's religiously insensitive, whether it's culturally insensitive, whether it's sexually, gender, thinking. Insensitive, whatever that is. it is insensitive so it's a big journey it's a big journey and representing Vodacom and I have to say the right things now after I've said all the politically incorrect stuff so in Vodacom we've addressed this we're working with the GSM Association trying to enable the African language inclusion in the AI large language models we have a number of platforms that would help, we have the first ever school in a box solution that we in Vodafone Group Foundation Vodafone Group is the mother company of Vodacom, Vodafone Group Foundation actually had done an arrangement, a partnership with the UN HCR and they've come up with the concept called INS Instance Network School And this is basically what I call a school in a box. And it's a number of devices with a screen, with a projector. It all comes in a small, like a carry -on size school. Basically, it has 24 tablets a time. Okay, sorry. So we have this. We have a network in a box where you install a network in a refugee camp. We have a platform called Ta 'alimi in Egypt. We have a platform called ConnectU in South Africa and a number of our countries. We do contribute to this, but I would love for us to be thinking about a much bigger picture.
Ivan Monforte Fugarolas
Thank you, Mr. Eymann. So we have a few minutes to open the discussion with the audience. We have just five minutes, so I will open the discussion if anybody wants to raise.
Mark West
Can I make a suggestion, Agavin? Actually, what? Why don't we move to panel two? And then at the end, I think we'll still have some time, and then we can take any questions, comments at the end. Thank you. you you you you information about the sort of rationale. So we are working with countries to help them share information about how they are offering these digital commons, these digital platforms to support education and sharing information about that. So now I would like to invite, first we're going to move to some of our UN participants from UNICEF and ITU to share a little bit of information about this initiative, and then we'll move to some of our country partners. So I'd like to invite Frank Van Capella. He's the lead for the Gateways Initiative at UNICEF to share some information about how the Gateways Initiative is helping to deliver on this problem. Thank you. everybody knows where they can go to access education as a human right and as a public good. Over to you, Frank.
Frank van Cappelle
Thanks so much, Mark. And I'm in the Yang camp, but love the Yin as well. So it's very much complementary, the gateways, the platforms, and Giga, the connectivity and infrastructure around it. First, just to say that public digital learning platforms, it sounds like, you know, this must be something that's been around forever. Education technology has been around forever, right? But public digital learning platforms are still a fairly new and emerging concept. It emerged during COVID. Then after COVID, after we saw lots of governments putting a lot of content online in these platforms, a lot of them disappeared after COVID. Now they're making a comeback. That's part of our work around gateways is this movement to encourage governments to invest and to govern and build public digital learning platforms. And around that, developing. working closely with gateways countries and experts the first normative guidance and principles around what actually makes an effective and inclusive and high quality public digital learning platform so this is all fairly new one of the great interests of gateways and we now have 35 gateways member countries it's very rapidly expanding the network we have about 50 countries that have benefited from the network and have joined the events and exchanges it is really a community to learn from each other because it's fairly new but it's also rapidly changing in the world of ai what does it mean building a public digital learning platform how do we go about it and for many governments it is a it's like an entry point into the digital realm it's one of the first steps into building the public digital education infrastructure is building that national platform and that is why it's vitally important for countries to exchange countries are taking very different approaches not just in terms of the level of development but also in terms of the digital learning platform and that is why it's vitally important for countries to exchange countries are taking very different approaches not just in terms of the level of development but also in terms of the level of development but also in terms of the focus and the prioritization and the in terms of the level of development but also in terms of the level of development but also in terms of in terms of the level of development but also in terms of the different types of context in terms of the level of development but also in terms of the different types of context We heard earlier about devices in schools, but in many schools where we work, many countries, the vast majority of schools, they lack devices for learners. They might not have any devices for learners. They might have no devices for teachers, but still these platforms can be relevant. As we have seen in one of our study visits from Gateways, we've had four of them. In Indonesia, for example, they decided to prioritize a platform for teachers that teachers can access through their smartphones. So even if children have no access to devices at school, there's maybe not even an official device for the teachers, they can access a platform through their smartphones. And it was built with teachers to specifically meet the needs, the pain points that they have, the challenges. For example, access and continuous professional development opportunities, which they lacked in many of the remote islands and different areas of Indonesia. So the different trajectories that Gateways countries, and all countries, around the world are taking is really an important reason why it's so good to come together and learn from each other. The approaches are very different. The level of innovation, it's rapidly changing. There's a need for countries to look at what is the state of the art and also think of the ways of building these platforms to ensure that they meet the changing needs over time. So as mentioned, public digital learning platforms are just an entry point. They're fairly new, but already they're reaching huge numbers of children. Tens of millions, quite likely hundreds of millions of children are already being served by these public national digital learning platforms. Just looking at countries like China, India, Indonesia, they serve many, many, many children. But the idea behind Gateways is also to see how can we be made to be more inclusive, you know, not just serving the children that are in school, but also serving children that are out of school. They can be a lifeline for children in emergencies or unable to physically. Access school. They can be a way for children with disabilities to participate by having the content in different formats. They can be a way to reach children who are linguistic minorities and can have it in different languages. So there's many different ways that these national digital learning platforms can serve the needs of different target audiences. And this is a key part of Gateways is to look at how countries are approaching this and to learn from each other through the study visits which we hold, through exchanges, through events such as these. And also through documenting exactly what countries are doing through case studies and through a dashboard that we are building. So just to conclude, and I just want to refer to the very good comment from Madam Secretary Karima earlier from Kenya, that it's, you know, the end goal is not to uild these platforms. The end goal is to have impact for children. So what we're increasingly doing is, you know, we're working with the countries to build these platforms to support them and guide them. Work together as a community, but also to make sure that these are actually delivering the purpose of education, that they're actually reaching children and having an impact on their learning, whether it is providing remedial education, accelerating learning where children are struggling, or even providing a lifeline for children who are unable to otherwise learn if it is not through these digital platforms. Thank you.
Mark West
Thanks very much for that, Frank. And as we were building the Gateways Initiative, having conversations with different countries about their public digital learning platforms, how to support education in digital spaces and environments and ensure that those environments are complementary to the vital work that happens in person, in schools. We began learning that there are a lot of technical considerations behind these platforms, that there is technical stacks, technical architecture behind these platforms, and that the way those platforms are coded, the way those platforms, the architecture and foundations of those platforms really determine whether those platforms are open, whether they're module, whether they're interoperable. And that was when we started talking a lot with our friends at ITU to understand what are the technical stacks that should be the basis of a high uality public digital learning platform? What is that underlying technology? How does that work? What should countries do? We were getting a lot of technical questions from countries. And so we're so pleased to be able to work with ITU in partnership with ITU to provide this help and this guidance. And now, Hani Askander, the GIGA Senior Project Manager from ITU, will be speaking a little bit more about sort of ITU's role in the Gateways initiative and how it is working hand -in -hand with UNESCO and UNICEF to deliver on this promise that Frank just elaborated. Hani, over to you.
Hani Eskandar
Thank you very much, Mark, and good afternoon, everyone. Actually, I'm very pleased to start in GIGA to look at the upper layer of what you can call an education stack beyond the connectivity. And we are starting actually to call it GIGA Plus now. So the question, the starting point is the following. Okay, we have connected the school and maybe we have even electricity. What should we do next? Many of the people think. that the next step is to equip students with tablets and put Wi -Fi in all classrooms and, you know, even extend the connectivity to the community, as was rightly mentioned by previous speaker, which is a very valid proposition. But we all know that this is extremely expensive. It's not easy. Many of the countries will not be able to do it in the near future. It's a long -term investment. It also requires a lot of capacity, even at the school level and even at the teacher's level, etc. So the big question is, is there an alternative that can really still ensure that we have the education outcomes? And by the way, this is one of the biggest myths in the digital learning. People think that to have impact, you need to introduce digital inside the classroom. The answer is yes and no, actually. many of the recent studies now are saying maybe we should roll back a little bit on introducing too much technology in the classroom because they are simply distracting people from learning studies shown that if you do better to learn math it's better to learn it with a piece of paper because it gives you the cognitive capabilities to think about things so what is the solution and this is what we are starting to do at GIGA there is maybe an intermediate step that can really have an impact which is much more feasible which is digital public infrastructure for education some people might say what is this I will try to explain it to you in the next five minutes instead of setting up LMSs in schools you will not do that what is the problem with LMSs in schools that the content is so fragmented, the content is not necessarily searchable, discoverable, accessible. It is not necessarily mapped to curriculum, and maybe even it is not quality assured, i .e. it is not culturally sensitive, which was rightly mentioned by previous intervenants. LMS is not maybe the right solution. So what is the solution then? The solution is a digital learning repository that acts as a digital infrastructure for education. What is the difference? The difference is huge from a technical perspective. If you are looking at LMS, and for those who are technical, maybe you will be able to understand what I mean, the content is not coded. The content is not made as an infrastructure. In digital learning repository, you code the content, you put it in a database, you map it to the curriculum. and you make it accessible through APIs. And by the way, this is not our invention. When we looked at countries, many countries, not all of them, but many countries understood the difference between a learning management system and a content repository. When you do a content repository, you make it as a general infrastructure that is accessible for all, but with a big difference, that the content is mapped to the curriculum. It's curated. It's the official content that the government is providing. It is searchable, discoverable, accessible, shareable, which will enable many things. One, this content is targeted to teachers, not students. Teachers. Why? Because the assumption is that at least if you are able to empower teachers with good content, for example, just recording. It's a good thing. It's a good thing. It's a good thing. lessons done by a good teacher in the country. If you can put these recordings with teachers explaining those types of topics, teachers can look at those content and they can improve the way they can learn, they can teach in the classroom. And this is already an improvement. They don't need to use those videos in the classroom. Actually, it is not intended to do that. So, one of the solutions is to target teachers to make the content coded as infrastructure. And by the way, this is one of the work that we are doing because there are different standards that you can do, ontologies, interoperability, etc. There is a huge difference. When the content is available as infrastructure, third -party innovators can access your official curriculum and build tech innovation on top of it, but in a way that is aligned with the curriculum, in a way that is culturally sensitive, and in a way that will not go to internet and pick content that is completely irrelevant. Second, It's also accessible by AI. What has been done in some countries is that they enable AI to build lesson plans based on this official content that is being curated by governments to create very innovative way to deliver solution, to deliver content in the classroom, even including developing animations and PowerPoint, etc. So the content, by the way, it is not about PowerPoint. It's about, for example, what are the misconceptions in this particular lesson? And this is done by the best pedagogical people in the country. If everything is coded, then you can build on top of it and the teachers can use it. That's the first building block in a digital infrastructure. The second building block that we are working is about data. Data about education is so fragmented that many countries are not able to do any informed decisions. So the second building block that we are working on is how you create interoperability and how you ingest data coming from different sources. not only for the formal education K -12, but also informal education, lifelong education, vocational training, and how you can create learning records based on a learner registry that is officially recognized as the official source of truth. If you have this, you enable a lot of services on top of it and a lot of innovation that are trusted. The third building block we are working on is on educational verifiable credential. How you can recognize in a trusted manner education achievements, including even micro -credentials. If I took a course on Microsoft, I don't know what, I can still prove that I've taken this course. So, in summary, what we are looking at is to create a digital infrastructure covering curated, official, curriculum -mapped content of high quality, accessible, to teachers. and students if hey wish to because this content should not be behind any login. It should be publicly available, but also publicly available for anyone who would like to leverage this content and even AI data because this is the basis for information decision. And then thirdly, how you recognize achievements in education. Those are not the only DPIs, public infrastructure education, but we think that this will create the technical foundation for education and might resolve some of the issues that you don't necessarily need to have tablets in every school. You don't need to. You just need to provide a way to access good content for teachers, and this is, in many cases, is enough to improve education. Thank you.
Mark West
Thank you very much, Hani. And I think you can see that together with our partners, we're really thinking through what the future of public digital, digital learning platforms looks like. how these things are structured, and they're structured in different ways, that these are APIs, they're machine readable, they are sort of hooked onto a curriculum so that anybody can search them, can find them. And I wanted to also mention that what Hani shared, that is coming through our conversations with countries, that this is what countries are telling us they want to see, they want to build, this is how they want to develop their platforms, and we're helping them to do this. I think that provides a very good bridge to speak to some of our country partners, the people who are, you know, in a particular national context and working to support education in online and digital spaces, to ensure that those spaces are complementary to wider education infrastructures and systems. And our first speaker is Mr. Sak Putigoo, who is the Secretary of State from the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications in Cambodia. Sir? We'd like to share some reflections from your country. Thank you very much.
SOK Puthyvuth
Thank you very much, Mark. And thank you to the Gateway team and also Alex and the ITU team. I'm happy to be here and happy to see a friend and colleague who joined the study visit to Finland. I learned a lot. So thank you very much. I'd like to share what I experienced in Cambodia in terms of how Cambodia decided on taking the ownership on a digital learning platform. You know, maybe I share a little story to see where we come from and how we end up where we are today. So when I, me and my team, when we helped drafting a policy framework on digital economy and society framework, and also, and we adopted the policy and also the policy for digital government. We. sort of ask ourselves, you know, what's next? Besides from policy, you know, we talk a lot, we write a lot, but we should show something on the ground, how does policy actually help things on the ground? So we, you know, on top of a vision by a prime minister to push Cambodia to become a high -income country by 2050, so it's also already a very ambitious vision. So we also asked what the digital society in Cambodia would look like. Because, yeah, I have one vision, and then I realized my colleague also have another vision, so we end up discussing a lot, like, yeah, maybe this is a better vision, and I think the vision becomes more diverse as you watch a lot of sci -fi movie. So we end up saying, okay, as we're discussing about this, we should do something that is more tangible, like the platform, like the technology, like the system, especially on education. And whatever the vision that we would imagine Cambodia will evolve or develop into, what would be needed? So the answer is education. We need something, a capability to transfer knowledge quickly to our student, to our citizen, to our government official. So we realize that digital learning platform is a critical piece into this. And we've been exploring this for a number of years. I think the Ministry of Education in the past 10 years has been pushing blended learning, pushing flipped learning. But there's always a challenge because of infrastructure. Because of how we understand blended learning and how we understand. Flip learning is also different. Cambodia also adopts credit system mixed with French system. So it's kind of a bit of an interesting mix. So our education system is in an interesting place. So that means we could pick and choose from the best in different countries, from French system, from the U .S. system, from the U .K. system, even Australia. So that's – well, I thought that was interesting because – and then we realized learning platform will be the key to kind of bring everybody together. And what would we need to support the learning platform? So that's when we start digging further in terms of the infrastructures. We need a data center. We need connectivity. We need a platform, a learning management system. So all those have to come. you know, in place come together. But it takes some time for Cambodia, more than 10 years to bring all those pieces together. Although we know that we need those pieces. And at the same time, you know, COVID is also something that can kind of accelerate this, the need. Because at the time when all the schools struggled to stay open, they all use this different platform. So we know that, okay, we need to digitize. Because schools who adopt the technology, the student has higher grade and the result is clear. We see that they pass the exam, the grade are higher. So there's no need to further convince whether technology helps or not. We know that it helps. But to bring it, to scale it, was what we were focusing on. You know, I remember there was an experiment in MIT. That's how kind of we focus a lot. That's why we see the importance of the learning platform because in MIT, there was one case where they picked a random student on campus, and then they teach the most sophisticated topic, and at the time it was AI. And it took them about a couple months to transfer those knowledge in for the student to become an expert. But the requirement was the student has to stay on campus or has to stay in this. So the teaching methodology using the platform technology, like the learning management system, showed the potential you could teach any topic and can transform knowledge very fast. So that's why we were convinced that, okay, we need to focus on a learning management system that allows us to at least have the potential to go there. So that's sort of how we got started. And how we... How we realized or how we decided that the learning management system is important. And the rest, you know, when we meet up with Giga, so we have more than 13 ,000 schools to connect. Right now we're... connecting maybe close to 100. And hopefully on the next stage we will grow a bit faster and also through gateway project. I think that will also help us a lot in terms of make sure the architecture could sustain, could scale. And the reason we picked open source was because cost reason. We don't need a Mercedes at this stage. We just need something that can go. And building it ourself was kind of out of the question because we tried and at the end it becomes very heavy and even more expensive. I think the open source community has a lot of people, have a lot of eyes, have a lot of support in terms of standards, in terms of what's needed. I think it's already built in and you just need to use it to the potential. So with that, that's how our journey, I guess, to join to choose the LMS. Also, at the same time, when we started, we picked just one school and we gave 100 % effort to try to understand the school inside and out. What's the pain point? What's the challenge? How much does it cost and what does it need for the school to fully operate using LMS, creating content or everything to support the school, the curriculum, and whatever the administrative issue at the ministry or things like that. By doing that, I think we got a lot of data for each school to function. It needs this, so we have a checklist of things that we go through. It's also helpful because in the future, when schools complain, you can understand, are they complaining because they make issues or are they complaining because they have real problems? That's also very important as well. I think it's important to have a team that's actually dedicated to have the passion to really understand the root cause. of every problem that we face. So
Mark West
Thank you, Mr. Prithip. That is, I think what you're sharing is this idea that all of the platforms we have looked at through the Gateways Initiative, it's interesting that they all started off as very sort of small projects. We had a study visit in China. China probably has, they were saying that they have over 150 unique visitors to their platform every single day in China, one of the largest public digital learning platforms in the world. But they explained that this platform began decades ago to try to provide some resources to support rural schools, and that was trying to support five, ten schools, and this gradually grew into this platform that is providing educational services. for the entire country. So through the Gateways Initiative, countries are sharing their experiences, their successes, their challenges, and trying to identify what will be useful to people in other national and subnational contexts. And thank you very much for sharing with the Gateways community and hopefully what is being shared by other countries is useful for your work in Cambodia. We're now going to be moving to Jeanette Moraine. She is the Deputy Director General in the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies in South Africa. South Africa is also a member of the Gateways Initiative as well as a member of GIGA. And we have learned a lot about the sort of platforms and how South Africa is ensuring the connectivity lead. To high quality content that students and teachers know where they can go to access educational opportunities and resources. So, Mrs. Moran, if you could please share with us some of your experiences, what you've learned, and where you hope to go.
Jeanette Morwane
Thank you. Thank you so much, Mark, and thank you for inviting South Africa to come and share our experiences. I think as South Africa, over the years, we've been literally moving between the yin and the yang. And I'm from the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies, but we work with our other ministry that's focusing on education, where a few years ago they developed a national digital education strategy. And the focus really over the years has been around implementing digital projects within the educational, whether it's connecting schools or... developing many variations of learning management systems. And this was mainly contributed by the fact that, you know, we had very limited resources, but also there was a lack of shared vision within the different ministries around how to build digital society for the country. And I think similar to Cambodia with COVID, it sort of brought everything to reality because in South Africa we also have a challenge where we have basically two economies where you have a lot of people living in rural areas depending on public school system and then you have those living in the urban areas depending on private school systems. So when COVID happened, And because of infrastructure and everything, those in the rural areas had to stop going to school, had to stop learning, whereas those in private school continued because they had the infrastructure. They were able to quickly move into the online platforms and continue with education. So that then brought to the national government to say, how do we then make sure that we synchronize these two systems and build a very sustainable system to make sure that we build digital society? And from then on, that's when we put our heads together as different ministries and working with ITU and other UN agency like UNDP. And that's when we put our heads together as different ministries and working with ITU and other UN agency like UNDP. And that's when we put our heads together as different ministries and working with ITU and other UN agency like UNDP. And that's when we put our heads together as different ministries and working with ITU and other UN agency like UNDP. And that's when we put our heads together as different ministries and working with ITU and other UN agency like UNDP. And that's when we put our heads together as different ministries and working with ITU and other UN agency like UNDP. And that's when we put our heads together as different ministries and working with ITU and other UN agency like UNDP. And I think also our participation in G20, participating in India and in Brazil where DPI kicked off. We then took over the presidency last year and we made DPI as one of our priorities. And internally within the country, we then developed our own digital transformation roadmap, which is mainly looking at how we can implement DPI as a country. And that brought clarity in terms of having shared vision. And it also meant that from the president's office, they brought leadership. Because the other big challenge for South Africa is that different ministries wanted to own their own ICT budgets. And as the Minister of Communications and Digital Technologies, we can't tell the Minister of Education what to do. But if it's done from a higher office, we can tell the Minister of Education what to do. you would find that everyone will then fall in place. If the meeting is called, everybody drops what they're doing and we work together. So the president's office then set up what we call the digital services unit and it coordinated everyone. And each minister was then given a role within the roadmap in terms of implementation, where on issues of digital ID, it's driven by our Home Affairs Ministry. We, as Department of ICT, we're driving the digital services. And mainly with digital services was then to build an online platform that brings an ecosystem for all government services, including those within the education space, where we have a one platform where citizens can access all services at once. And I think for the digital education system, it brought that online ecosystem. But parallel to the online ecosystem, it then also brings the physical ecosystem where we bring all the players. For example, if the, you know, the schools require connectivity, we are then able to bring in the telcos, the Vodacoms, the MTNs. And if it's issues, you know, around content, the Department of Education is able to lead in terms of issues around curriculum, issues around also making sure that we offer our public schools in terms of making sure that the schools, the children who are not able to afford at home get meals at schools. And able to concentrate at school. So it brought that sort of kind of ecosystem. Most importantly, what the DPI approach brought was also providing that value for our cabinet in terms of what value the digital environment or digital transformation can bring to the economy. And also, previously, you would find that all these digital projects that were implemented in the education space, they will be piloted and remain in the pilot phase. They will not have sustainability. But now, because there's understanding around the value of digital transformation, we go collectively as the digital services unit with all the ministries to cabinet to request for funding. And it makes sense. It makes t easier for that funding to be approved and provide that sustainability for the different projects. So I think. I think I would encourage countries, especially developing countries, to really look at this DPI approach so that they can sustain any other sort of public service digital systems that they want to implement. And for the digital education system, I think also it then brings that ecosystem where then now people no longer have to worry about connectivity, no longer have to worry about content because now there's a lot of content. And then it creates room now for innovation to happen, where even startups and innovators are then able to use the data or innovate, whether it's in issues of infrastructure. So I think that's the value that DPI can bring in advancing digital education. Thank you.
Mark West
Thank you so much, Ms. Moran. I really appreciate you sharing how important it is to build these public digital platforms on top of public digital infrastructure, that they are branches of public digital infrastructure. And I think the reality of working across ministries, these, you know, technology is something that is not sectorally specific. It cuts into health. It cuts into media. It cuts into education, of course. And so coordinating that, you know, to deliver these sort of services that benefit teachers and learners and school leaders, it can be challenging. And it requires partnerships and cooperations across ministries. And I think through our work with the Gateways Initiative, we have learned, maybe naively, when we started this off, we thought the platforms would usually sit in the Ministry of Education. We're learning that that's often not the case, that the platforms often sit inside ministries of telecommunications or inside ministries of ICT, and that they coordinate very closely with ministries of education to make these and deliver these platforms. And And I think even the composition of the UN organizations behind gateways reflects our own realization that this requires cooperation and the expertise from different UN entities and agencies to provide the support to countries. So thank you very much for sharing your reflections. We are now going to be moving into, I think, if it's okay. We have the minutes for open discussion. Okay. I think we're able to take some open discussion now before we move to sort of our closing segment. So open to the floor for people who would like to ask questions. I hope we can take a few different questions. Please keep your question concise. And if you could introduce yourself before asking your question or perhaps making your comment. I see a couple of hands going up. So, ma'am, over to you. to you.
Audience
Hi. So thank you for this very insightful discussion. I'm Supriya Bhuvalkar. I'm from India, a founder of Coding in One AI Capacity Company. And I'm also on the AI for Good Steering Committee for AI Skilling. And I wanted to make a comment, you know, hearing all of you. We actually built a micro -credential for rural women educators in India. And we are, you know, disseminating responsible AI literacy to educators through WhatsApp. in the regional language through bite -sized videos of one, one and a half minute each on every alternate days because we realized that, you know, as a small company, we cannot perhaps, you know, build, we didn't have access to gateways or giga, but we knew what we could do. So we use a technology that we had and our expertise, which is responsible AI, we understood the challenges which are there on ground and that has been very effective. You know, the early pilots are showing a behavior change for educators because it's coming on the smartphone, the teachers. They are limited by the resources that they have. So they are using their AI literacy in order to help themselves and the students better. And when they are seeing the change and the benefit to themselves, they are taking it forward to the community. So it's early days, but I just wanted to share.
Mark West
Great. Yeah, thank you for sharing that. And we learned a lot from the, I don't know, know if it's a corporation, civil society groups who are delivering these types of solutions. I think this knowledge, this information really helps all of our government partners who are working to build these, you know, quality -assured, publicly accountable platforms. Thank you very much. Yes, sir, over here in the blue shirt.
Audience
Hi, I'm Hambo. I'm a student at Stanford University and an intern at the International Bridge to Justice. Thank you so much to the panelists for this discussion. Mr. Islam, earlier you mentioned how AI has this monocultural problem because it's trained mostly on English and Western -centric data and how this results in cultural insensitivity in AI. And I was wondering if there is any feasible and effective way to solve this issue such that AI can be integrated as one of the building blocks in a digital education DPI in addition to the repository, the data. The verifiable credentials. and do you think that integrating and implementing AI would make a significant impact on the education of children around the world? Thank you.
Mark West
Okay, before we move to the answers, let's take a few more questions. Yes, sir, in the white shirt.
Audience
Hi, I'm Kamil Zubik. I'm representing Codata and specifically the data quality task group. Mark, you mentioned quality control content several times in your speech, and then I noted down that Hanyu's words, official source of truth. I'm just wondering about how you cope with the validation of the data for the education and especially verification of different contexts, also the cultural context. And coming back to the AI, if you ask an AI chatbot the same question twice, you often get different responses because of the probabilistic nature of the large data. And I'm not saying about tiny tweak to a prompt that can drastically change the answer. So I'm just wondering how good is that for the education? Thank you.
Mark West
Great, that's a big question that one, thank you for the question Yes ma 'am in the white shirt over there.
Audience
Thank you, Victoria from Enhanced Integrated Framework at WTO So you've introduced very comprehensively both the GIGA initiative and the Gateway initiative, I'm wondering if you could explain a bit more of maybe the sequencing of support, maybe some complementarity between the two initiatives and I heard earlier Hani mentioned the Gateway initiative as maybe an idea of GIGA plus which ministries are the different counterparts that you're working with, is there any synergies between the stakeholders, so curious to learn more about the complementarity between the two initiatives?
Mark West
Thank you very much for the question, we have time for just a few more maybe over here, yes ma 'am in the black shirt.
Audience
Hi, my name is Lucinda Kumalo. I'm the co -founder of Interlay Foundation, which is a tech nonprofit, and we build AI solutions for secondary schools in South Africa and Kenya. My question to you is, throughout the conversations, there were some very logistical and real bottlenecks that came up around the distribution of connection and tooling, primarily in developing countries. So things like infrastructure, the lack of tablets, and so forth. And so as you kind of design this program or this work, and you continue to do the work, I'm wondering, how are you working around it? Are you also thinking about how do you, you know, provide solutions that are offline? How do you work with local actors and what their role is in ensuring that the solutions and processes that you do incorporate are realistic to the realities on the ground? So I'd love to hear more on that.
Mark West
An important question. Thank you very much. Yes, ma 'am, in the red.
Audience
I'm Christina Cardenas. I'm in Coursera, but I want to participate more for my formal role in Mexico. I run the digital policy for Mexican schools, and we digitalize teachers and students. Twenty -five million students, 1 .5 million teachers, and I understand the difficulty. I'm willing to share the terms of reference for have computers and Internet and all what you need internally in the schools, because what we saw in the past was that the connectivity program of the country was not aligned with the computer's deployment, and we decided to make a program in which we consider a solution that includes everything, and the penalizations and everything when we vote the technology. We were the most important to actually be sure that buying technology and integrate connectivity was the most important to make this. large initiatives possible.
Mark West
Great. Thank you. I think we have time for just one more question. Yes, ma 'am, in the black.
Audience
Thank you very much, Paul. My name is Jing. I'm an associate professor from Xiamen University in China. I'm doing my research in higher education, especially when you mentioned the lifelong learning education. So my question will be focused on how do you think about the role or functions for the universities or colleges to meet with the lifelong learning transmission, depending on this AI area, AI time? Is there any challenges or any, how to say that, positive, how to think about the future? So I would like to share your own ideas. Thank you.
Mark West
Great. Thank you very much. We'll now have a chance to move back to our panelists. I suggest that we stick to some of our country representatives. And if you could just respond to just one of the points, if that's okay, and then, you know, kind of trust that some of the other participants. will take this on. Ms. Moran, I don't mean to put you on the spot, but would you be prepared to maybe respond to something that we heard? And then over to you. Yeah, let's go.
Jeanette Morwane
All right. Thank you. I'll start with my fellow South African, Linda, on the issues around the gaps within the school systems. With regards to issues around connectivity, especially to accommodate our rural schools, what we've done with our citizen-facing platform, Mamsanzi, is that we have now zero-rated all the government services that are offered through that platform, so that even people without connectivity or affordable costs of data can... can then access the services without any disruptions. Another initiative that our minister is also driving is in terms of having engagements to look at the reduction of the cost for smart devices. because not everyone can afford smart devices. So we're working with our Ministry of Finance as well as our South African Revenue Service to look at how we can then reduce the cost. And then on the issue around AI, I think for South Africa, the biggest issue is that we know that with AI models and tools, they rely on the available data. So one of the biggest initiatives that we are doing in cooperation with our Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation is to invest on research and development to make sure that we then develop large language models using our own indigenous languages. So that we preserve our culture and our languages, but make sure that... we then build sovereignty of our AI tools in the country and not only rely on foreign AI tools.
Mark West
hank you very much, Ms. Moran.
SOK Puthyvuth
Thank you. So I just got a quick, I know we're short on time. So I'm optimistic about AI. I think we've faced this similar challenge before when the calculator came out. It was a similar issue, but maybe AI has a bigger potential. So I think in the future, AI definitely will help in education, even with lifelong learning. just that I think on a cultural sensitivity I think this is something very important because I think every country probably need to have their own LLM right now I think to go from one language if they're not part of the, they don't have their own LLM it goes from English to other language and then the translation is not direct and it takes a lot of countries effort I think to develop a good LLM so this is what we're also doing at the moment but I think in the future it's important that the user and the owner of technology in terms of interest needs to be balanced I think that's when AI will become something very useful and I think if we make AI a DPI I think maybe we probably could solve that issue so I hope that I think our audience can also, I mean this is every year we discuss I think we also try to touch on who's controlling AI and whether it's good or bad. So we're still at this fork road that we're making this decision. And some of the decisions are being made without the user, but I think it's not too late. But yeah, to make sure that the balance, the interest between the user and the owners are balanced, I think this is very important. And now we'll move to the country participants from the first segment over to you. So we can move to Kenya. So if you can just briefly, one minute. Thank you.
Mary Kerema
Yeah, thank you so much. On the issue of how we're handling the challenges, of course, that we've mentioned, in Kenya we have a very deliberate project in terms of connectivity and not only connectivity. It's the whole digital ecosystem where we are making sure that the schools have internet, not only internet, but we are also giving devices. to the schools and we also have projects of putting digital labs apart from having the movable devices. Of course on the issue of security we are moving to the regions. As we deploy infrastructure we are integrating that with security and then on capacity building because we said it's a whole ecosystem. The government also has programs for digital literacy where we are training not only the teachers, the students but also the citizens because it's a whole societal ecosystem that as my brother said that if you only educate the child, when the child goes home what happens? So therefore we are also connecting other government offices, also markets. We are giving public Wi -Fi for free and again government is also doing digital hubs. and also we have digital clubs. We want to make sure that all children, wherever they are, from primary to university, that they can get this connectivity and also digital literacy. And also we're introducing digital jobs because it's one thing doing digital training and another to really make sure they use that education to put food on the table. So that is how we are trying to bring the whole ecosystem, so that at the end of the day it's about impact. Thank you.
SOK Puthyvuth
Secretary, now very briefly, please, going to Mozambique.
Helena Fernandes
Thank you. Okay. In Mozambique, the biggest challenge that we're facing is about we don't have digital learning platform under the education system. So we are still finding the best way to make sure that every teacher can have access. So we are still finding the best way to make sure that every teacher can have So the device affordability is a big challenge for Mozambique now, and the high -cost data. Because, you know, we are trying to deploy connectivity at schools, but there is a lack of training for the teachers because in Mozambique there are too many local languages. So Portuguese is the official language, of course, but if you want to make sure that every school can take advantage of the connectivity, you must make sure that there must be built digital learning platforms and make sure that even the education system transform and update their curriculum to be digitalized. Thank you.
Mark West
Thank you very much. I know we're a little short on time, but we also wanted to allow for some closing remarks and also some synthesis. So I'd like to now invite Her Excellency, Ms. Clara Bofsaro. She's the Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Spain to the United Nations Office in Geneva to provide some closing remarks. And then she will be giving the floor to Dr. Sobitawil from UNESCO. Ambassador Bofsaro, the floor is yours.
Clara Cabrera Brasero
Thank you. Thank you very much, Mark. Thank you also, Alex, on the other side of the table, and all the team of ITU, UNESCO, and UNICEF. Thank you also to the other government representatives that were here today. And, of course, thank you for counting on Spain to be here in this room and listen to all this very – I think very interesting. conversation. So the first thing I would like to underline is that, as you very well know, Spain has supported GIGA since the beginning, and we have done so with a very important center in Barcelona, but also because we believe, as the Swiss ambassador said at the beginning, that the core of the initiative, not only the objective, but the core of the coordination between several agencies, UN agencies, is of the utmost importance. And we believe that years ago, when this started, now with the circumstances that we are all witnessing, we think that it's even more important to make this a business case. And several of the panelists said that the need to upscale GIGA, even talking about GIGA Plus on the substance. So the first message I would like to say from us... It is that how important it is to upscale the GIGA success. the GIGA process to other agencies. And, of course, we have listened to several of the country and government representatives saying how complex it is in our countries to have all the ministries involved in these initiatives. Well, this is something we also have to translate to the United Nations and to the multilateral system, how important it is for us to have that conversation. That would be the first thing. The second thing is, of course, why has Spain supported and is supporting and can in its support to GIGA? Because we, of course, believe, truly believe in the human standard use of digital technologies and how this is part of the new social contract that is also willing and should be contributing to the developing of the different societies. We saw yesterday the launch of the coalition. The coalition for the protection of children in AI and the global dialogue for AI. So that's something also that we have to look at from this initiative and that we have, of course, promoted. We truly believe in what has been said in the table. We need human -centered digital education. We need human supervision. We need that connectivity and that digital infrastructure. And we also need to have the teachers and the curricula on the digital path. So that's all a very holistic approach that we think should be also fostered in the AI efforts and developments that we are witnessing. This is also where the importance between DIGA and the Gateways Initiative takes form. I mean, we truly believe that this kind of collaborations, UNESCO, ITU, UNICEF, is necessary to put all the instruments to the – to the same and main purpose, which is – digital connectivity, education for all, and in the belief, and we're also in Geneva where the Human Rights Council lies, the belief that there is no progress, no justice, no peace without real education. And this is what GIGA at the end is looking for. And what we truly believe, and I will finish now in sake of time, is that our responsibility as governments, as institutions, as organizations, in the social inclusion, in the social development, needs to be helped and supervised, also with supervision, by the digital tools we have in our hand. So that's where Spain is going to continue supporting GIGA, also with our representation and our center in Barcelona. But also we would like to reach out to all of you and all the the persons that are the people that are participating today here in the room. to have this exchange of ideas that we truly believe is a roadmap for the way forward for GIGA. Thank you
Mark West
Thank you very much, Ambassador Bracero. And now we'll move to Mr. Sobe Talwil. Sobe is the Director of the Division for the Future of Learning and Innovation, responsible for UNESCO's work on technology and education. He is also the Acting Director of the International Bureau of Education here in Geneva, Switzerland. And Sobe is also my boss. Sobe, over to you for final synthesis and reflections in closing. Over to you.
Sobhi Tawil
Thanks a lot. Thanks a lot, Mark. And this brings us to the close of the session. Connected and coherent, the yin and yang of digital education. From school connectivity. To digital public infrastructure for education. Two main... thoughts. I mean, one, I think it's excellent to see GIGA and the Gateways Initiative coming together. The GIGA Initiative, UNICEF, ITU, a longer history established to address the connectivity divides, a mission to connect schools. We heard from countries that that is also more complex than it sounds, but that is the mission. Connectivity and overcoming the connectivity divides was the first of the three pillars at the Transforming Education Summit in 2022. The call to action had three pillars. The first was connectivity. The second was around competencies, digital skills, and overcoming those gaps. But the third overlooked dimension was that of content, of digital teaching and learning content. And this is it's in this third dimension that the Gateways Initiative is anchored, a focus on public digital learning platforms because platforms organize the learning material, teaching and learning material, make it accessible, ensure the quality, ensure that it's context relevant, culturally sensitive, that it is safe for children, that it protects privacy, that it is sensitive to inclusion and has an equity lens, that it is aligned with local and national curricular standards. And in some, it is about ensuring that public digital learning platforms are serving public interests and public purpose in education. And that's the sense of digital public infrastructure for education. It is also the idea of the digital commons. for education, and this is part of the future of the right to education. Second, so very good to see GIG and Gateway's initiatives coming together, and it is, as Ambassador of Spain just meant, Clara, excellent to see the complementarity between the two initiatives, but the complementarity between the three UN agencies with their expertise, ensuring greater synergy, ensuring greater coherence, ensuring greater impact. So it's an excellent example of the UN working as one, learning from countries and supporting countries, because it is an interconnected process of advancing together in this very fast -moving, fast -moving landscape of digital and AI in particular in education. So very good to see that complementarity. My second and last point, just looking ahead on Friday in two days time, we have at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, the Transforming Education Summit Plus Four. It's basically a stock taking of what has happened since that summit in New York, organized by the Secretary General in 2022. And the Gateways Initiative is a product of that. But it is also about looking ahead. And we do have new leadership at UNESCO, both at the Director General level, but also at the level of the education sector. Two priorities in UNESCO. UNESCO's role in leading on SDG 4. One is AI and education. No surprise. Number two. post -2030. So it is an inflection moment for all of us in terms of AI and impact on education, but it's also a moment in terms of the global development agenda and early thoughts about post -2030. So again, gateways and GIGA coming together will be an essential means of learning, supporting, and advancing together on the future of learning. So long live the yin and yang combination.
Mark West
ll right. Thank you, everybody. That closes our session. Thanks again for attending. Have a good day.

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