The closing ceremony of the WSIS Forum 2026 brought together governments, international organisations, the private sector, civil society, and other stakeholders to mark the conclusion of what ITU Secretary General Doreen Bogdan-Martin described as a historic forum . Before delivering her remarks, she paid tribute to three individuals who had contributed significantly to the WSIS process and had recently passed away: Rita Goulous from Tunisia, Yuri Grin from the Russian Federation, and Gary Fowley from Canada .
Bogdan-Martin highlighted several key achievements of the forum, including more than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries , the Partner to Connect initiative surpassing its USD 100 billion goal to reach over USD 120 billion in commitments , and the release of the final report from the International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience . She also outlined the path ahead, noting that Action Line facilitators would present implementation roadmaps to the CSTD in 2027, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments .
2026 WSIS Forum Chair Raafat Hendy of Egypt summarised the week's central themes, identifying digital inclusion, AI for development, digital finance, youth participation, and closing the gender digital divide as the forum's core priorities . He noted that 18 winners and 72 champions were selected for the WSIS Prizes from 1,595 submissions across 122 countries , and emphasised that success should be measured not by technology deployed but by lives improved .
Representatives from Malaysia , South Africa , and the Republic of Korea each reaffirmed their commitment to inclusive digital development and expressed support for continued collaboration through the WSIS framework. South Africa also paid tribute to a key architect of the WSIS process .
The ceremony concluded with a call for the coming decade to be a true decade of implementation, advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, and shared prosperity, particularly for the Global South , with the WSIS Forum 2027 set to be a key moment of accountability .
Overall Purpose or Goal
- The closing ceremony of the WSIS Forum 2026 served to consolidate the outcomes of the week-long Geneva Digital Week, celebrate key achievements, and set a clear agenda for the period leading up to 2027 and the broader WSIS mandate through to 2035. Its central goal was to reaffirm the multistakeholder community's shared commitment to digital inclusion, responsible AI governance, and the translation of high-level commitments into measurable, people-centred outcomes - particularly for developing countries and the Global South .
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Major Discussion Points
- Historic scale and achievements of the WSIS Forum 2026: The forum was described as a landmark event, attracting more than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries, and featured the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance . A particularly notable milestone was the Partner to Connect initiative surpassing its USD 100 billion goal, reaching over USD 120 billion in commitments to connect the world . The WSIS Prizes saw 1,595 submissions from 122 countries, with 18 winners and 72 champions selected .
- Digital inclusion, the AI divide, and the gender-digital gap: Multiple speakers emphasised that connectivity alone is insufficient; people require affordable access, digital skills, relevant content, and safe online environments . AI must serve development goals, but the growing AI accessibility gap must be addressed through blended finance, compute sharing, and investment in underserved communities . Closing the gender-digital divide was identified as essential, requiring women and girls to have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, and leadership opportunities .
- Moving from commitments to implementation ahead of 2027 and beyond: A consistent theme across speakers was the urgent need to translate agreements into tangible outcomes. Following the WSIS+20 review and the adoption of the Global Digital Compact, the forum set a clear direction: Action Line facilitators are to present implementation roadmaps to the CSTD in 2027, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments . Success was to be measured not by technology deployed, but by lives improved .
- Multi-stakeholder partnership and international cooperation as foundational principles: Speakers from Egypt, Malaysia, South Africa, and the Republic of Korea all reaffirmed that digital transformation cannot be shaped by any single country, institution, or sector . The forum brought together governments, regulators, UN agencies, the private sector, civil society, academia, and youth , and the UN system committed to working as one for an inclusive, people-centred digital future . Malaysia and Korea both pledged continued collaboration with ITU and the global community .
- Tribute to key contributors and recognition of leadership: The Secretary General of ITU, Doreen Bogdan-Martin, paid tribute to three individuals who had passed away and made significant contributions to the WSIS process: Rita Goulous from Tunisia, Yuri Grin from the Russian Federation, and Gary Fowley from Canada . South Africa similarly honoured Mr. Radha Gaurav, described as a key architect of the WSIS process . The forum chair, Minister Raafat Hendy of Egypt, was presented with a commemorative medal in recognition of his leadership .
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Overall Tone
- The overall tone of the discussion was celebratory, optimistic, and forward-looking, befitting a closing ceremony. Speakers expressed pride in the forum's achievements, particularly the Partner2Connect milestone and the scale of participation . There was also a note of solemnity and reflection, introduced early by Doreen Bogdan-Martin's tribute to recently deceased colleagues , which lent the proceedings a sense of gravitas and continuity of purpose. As the ceremony progressed, the tone shifted toward collective resolve and accountability, with multiple speakers stressing that the real work - implementation - lies ahead . Throughout, the atmosphere remained respectful, collaborative, and diplomatically warm, with expressions of gratitude exchanged between the ITU, host nations, sponsors, and partner countries.
Expanded Summary: Closing Ceremony of the WSIS Forum 2026
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Opening and Memorial Tributes
The closing ceremony of the WSIS Forum 2026 was convened at Palexpo, Geneva, with ITU moderator Gitanjali Sah noting the unusual distinction of beginning proceedings one minute ahead of schedule - a small but telling sign of the forum's organisational efficiency . The ceremony brought together ITU Secretary General Doreen Bogdan-Martin, Forum Chair Minister Raafat Hendy of Egypt, Ambassador Thomas Schneider, and representatives of the co-organising bodies UNDP, UNESCO, and UNCTAD , alongside national delegations from Malaysia, South Africa, and the Republic of Korea.
Before delivering her substantive closing remarks, Secretary General Doreen Bogdan-Martin opened with a solemn tribute to three individuals who had made foundational contributions to the WSIS process and had recently passed away . The first was Rita Goulous from Tunisia, described by some as "the man behind the WSIS" , whose contribution was widely recognised among those present . The second was Yuri Grin from the Russian Federation, who had led important WSIS processes within the ITU, including as chair of the Council Working Group on WSIS . The third was Gary Fowley from Canada, described as a key ITU staff member and a close personal friend of Bogdan-Martin, who had worked on both phases of WSIS before establishing the ITU's first office at the United Nations in New York . Bogdan-Martin concluded this tribute with a collective wish that all three rest in peace .
The South African representative also paid tribute to a Tunisian WSIS architect referred to in the transcript as "Mr. Radha Gaurav," described as a key architect of the WSIS process since the PP Minneapolis, noting that his commitment to consensus and to putting people first continues to guide the younger generation now carrying the mandate forward . It should be noted that this individual - referred to in the transcript as "Mr. Radha Gaurav" by the South African representative - is likely the same person Bogdan-Martin referred to as "Rita Goulous," given that both are described as Tunisian architects of the WSIS process; however, the transcript renders the name differently in each instance and this ambiguity cannot be definitively resolved. Together, these tributes lent the ceremony a sense of historical gravitas and institutional continuity, connecting the forum's origins to its future.
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Scale, Achievements, and Historic Milestones
Bogdan-Martin described the WSIS Forum 2026 as a "historic" event , and the evidence she presented supported that characterisation. The forum attracted more than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries, gathered at Palexpo for the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance, the AI for Good Global Summit, and the WSIS Forum itself, with thousands more joining online . This scale of participation was widely acknowledged as a reflection of the enduring strength and relevance of the WSIS multi-stakeholder model. Approximately 60 ministers attended the ministerial roundtable, underscoring the high-level political engagement the forum commanded.
Among the most celebrated achievements of the forum was the Partner to Connect initiative surpassing its $100 billion goal, reaching over $120 billion in US dollar commitments to connect the world meaningfully . Bogdan-Martin invited the audience to applaud this collective accomplishment , framing it as a landmark milestone in global digital connectivity efforts. Also highlighted was the release of the final report from the International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience, which, after two years of global cooperation, delivered recommendations to protect this vital infrastructure for the benefit of all . Bogdan-Martin further noted that the regulators roundtable demonstrated how regulators are working to make innovation the core of their regulatory practices, driven by data and strengthened by cross-border cooperation - a distinct forum highlight reflecting the growing role of regulatory communities in shaping digital governance.
The WSIS Prizes further illustrated the forum's practical impact. Forum Chair Raafat Hendy reported that 18 winners and 72 champions were selected from 1,595 submissions across 122 countries, supported by more than 2.2 million public votes . Bogdan-Martin noted that prize winners were using digital tools to strengthen media literacy, develop future-ready talent including upskilling women and girls, and improve health outcomes for mothers and children . These prizes, Hendy argued, demonstrate that the WSIS Action Lines deliver real change to people everywhere .
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Key Thematic Priorities: Digital Inclusion, AI, Finance, Youth, and Gender
In his Chair's summary, Raafat Hendy identified five core priorities that emerged consistently across the week's discussions. The first and most fundamental was digital inclusion, which he framed in explicitly multi-dimensional terms: "connectivity is essential, but it is not enough" . People require affordable and reliable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely and meaningfully . This framing went well beyond infrastructure metrics, articulating a sophisticated understanding of inclusion that reflects two decades of WSIS learning and was subsequently echoed by the Korean representative's call to move "from connectivity to meaningful use" and Malaysia's pledge to leave "no one behind and no one offline" .
The second priority was artificial intelligence for development. Hendy acknowledged AI's potential to support health, education, agriculture, public services, and economic growth, but placed considerable emphasis on the risks of exclusion . He reported that ministers at the ministerial roundtable warned of a growing AI accessibility gap and called for blended finance, compute sharing, and investment that reaches underserved communities . The imperative to keep AI people-centred, secure, and accountable was also stressed . Bogdan-Martin, for her part, highlighted the historic significance of the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance held during Geneva Digital Week , while Hendy's summary placed greater emphasis on the urgency of remedial action to prevent deepening inequalities.
The third priority was digital finance as a tool for inclusion. Hendy argued that digital finance can help individuals, small businesses, women, youth, and underserved communities access services and economic opportunities, but that this requires trust, digital literacy, strong infrastructure, and appropriate regulation . The fourth priority was youth engagement. Hendy explicitly challenged the tendency to treat young people as mere beneficiaries, arguing instead that they are innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders whose ideas must be reflected in policies, platforms, and decisions . The fifth priority was closing the gender digital divide, which Hendy identified as essential and requiring that women and girls have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector, with gender considerations embedded at every step of policy and implementation .
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Measuring Impact: Lives Improved, Not Technology Deployed
One of the most intellectually significant moments of the ceremony came when Hendy articulated a clear standard for measuring success: "success should be measured not by technology deployed, but by lives improved" . He reinforced this by calling for better management of impact and asking what difference WSIS activities make in people's lives, especially in developing countries and the communities most at risk . This people-centred measurement framework represented a notable counterpoint to the celebration of financial commitments and participation figures, and implicitly challenged all stakeholders - governments, private sector, and UN agencies - to reconsider how they report and evaluate their work.
Bogdan-Martin similarly emphasised the importance of data and measurement, noting that "it is all about data, and if we can't measure it, it's difficult to move it" . This shared emphasis on evidence-based accountability was reinforced by the announcement that the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development will deliver its review to the CSTD in 2027 , and that WSIS Action Line facilitators had developed measurable indicators with outcomes to be reported to CSTD in 2027 . Together, these commitments signal a maturing of the WSIS framework towards rigorous, outcome-oriented accountability.
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The Path Ahead: From Commitments to Implementation
A consistent and urgent theme across all speakers was the need to move from high-level commitments to practical, measurable implementation. Bogdan-Martin noted that the forum concluded the first WSIS Forum under the renewed mandate following the WSIS Plus 20 review and the adoption of the Global Digital Compact , and outlined a clear roadmap for the period ahead. Action Line facilitators are to present implementation roadmaps to the Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) in 2027, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments . The UNGIS Task Force on Strengthening Financial Mechanisms will submit its recommendations for digital development in developing countries . The WSIS Forum 2027 was designated as a key moment of stocktaking and mutual accountability, with Bogdan-Martin declaring that "the countdown starts now" .
Hendy framed this imperative in country-centred terms, arguing that the next phase of WSIS must be practical, helping countries turn digital strategies into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities for people . He articulated Egypt's ambition for the coming decade to be a true decade of implementation, advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity, especially for the Global South . A notable point of nuance in his summary was the observation that countries do not need identical digital systems, but interoperable ones that respect national circumstances - a diplomatically sophisticated position that navigates the tension between global standardisation and national sovereignty.
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Multi-Stakeholder Cooperation as a Foundational Principle
All speakers affirmed that digital transformation cannot be driven by any single actor. Hendy stated explicitly that it "cannot be shaped by one country, one institution, or one sector alone" and requires "partnership, trust, and cooperation" as well as "shared responsibility" . The forum itself embodied this principle, bringing together governments, regulators, UN agencies, the private sector, civil society, academia, the technical community, youth, and many other partners . Bogdan-Martin highlighted the UN system's collective commitment to leading by example, putting all people and the planet at the core of its work as society transitions from an information society to an intelligent society . At the UNGIS high-level launch, leaders from across the UN system aligned their priorities for WSIS Plus 20 implementation and reaffirmed their commitment to working as one system for an inclusive, people-centred digital future .
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National Statements: Malaysia, South Africa, and the Republic of Korea
The Malaysian representative delivered a warm statement of appreciation to the ITU and the WSIS Secretariat for the organisation of the forum , commending the ITU for its steadfast leadership in bringing together governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations to advance an inclusive, trusted, and sustainable digital future . Malaysia reaffirmed its unwavering commitment to working with the ITU and all member states in promoting universal connectivity, digital inclusion, trusted digital governance, innovation, and resilient digital infrastructure , pledging to build a digital future that leaves no one behind and no one offline . The representative also expressed gratitude to the Government of Switzerland, organisers, volunteers, and all stakeholders for ensuring the forum's success , and looked forward to continued collaboration to translate shared aspirations into meaningful actions for future generations .
The South African representative, speaking as chair of the WSIS Forum 2025, extended sincere thanks to Egypt for successfully chairing the WSIS Forum 2026 and commended its leadership on behalf of the African continent . South Africa expressed full support for Egypt's chairmanship and readiness to work together to advance an inclusive, ambitious, and development-orientated outcome as the next WSIS process approaches . The representative reaffirmed the enduring relevance of the WSIS vision - people-centred, inclusive, and development-orientated - and thanked the ITU, UNESCO, UNDP, UNCTAD, and all Action Line facilitators for another substantive and well-organised forum .
The Republic of Korea representative noted that 2026 held particular significance for Korea, as it joined the WSIS Forum as a partner for the first time, contributing more actively to its discussions and activities . Korea reaffirmed that digital transformation must be inclusive and human-centred, focused on improving people's lives , and called for a shift beyond WSIS Plus 20 from connectivity to meaningful use, ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all . Korea pledged to remain committed to working with the international community to advance responsible innovation and inclusive digital development, and to translate the WSIS vision into practical action .
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Recognition, Gratitude, and Sponsorship
The ceremony also served as an occasion for formal recognition of leadership and partnership. Gitanjali Sah invited Bogdan-Martin to present a commemorative medal and certificate to Forum Chair Raafat Hendy in recognition of his distinguished leadership and contribution to the WSIS Forum 2026 . Bogdan-Martin expressed particular thanks to the ITU team, singling out Selena Abdullah, Gitanjali Sah, and Vladimir Tatla, as well as Thomas Schneider and Sezo - whom she asked to stand to be recognised - noting that "it takes a whole village" . Sah acknowledged the forum's sponsors, including DG Mesmar as a consistent five-day presence , Malaysia as platinum partner, with Sah expressing the hope that Malaysia would return in that capacity the following year , Saudi Arabia as strategic gold partner, and Japan and Nigeria as additional partners, with Nigeria joining as a new silver partner . Sah also relayed an idea that had come from some of the forum's partners to create a new emerald partnership tier, inviting interested parties to contact the Secretary General .
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Conclusion: A Decade of Implementation
The closing ceremony of the WSIS Forum 2026 concluded with a clear and collective call to action. Across all speakers, the dominant message was one of transition: from deliberation to delivery, from commitments to implementation, from connectivity to meaningful use, and from an information society to an intelligent society. The forum's achievements - record participation , the $120 billion Partner to Connect milestone , the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance , and the WSIS Prizes - were celebrated as evidence of real momentum. The WSIS Forum 2027 will serve as a moment of stocktaking and mutual accountability , and the true measure of success will be not the technology deployed, but the lives improved . As Hendy put it, the ambition for the coming decade is to be a true decade of implementation, advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity, especially for the Global South - with the countdown, as Bogdan-Martin declared, beginning immediately .
Partner to Connect initiative surpassed the $100 billion goal, reaching over $120 billion in commitments to connect the world meaningfully
Arg. 1The Partner to Connect initiative achieved a historic milestone at the 2026 WSIS Forum by exceeding its $100 billion target, ultimately securing over $120 billion in commitments. This was highlighted as a shared accomplishment deserving recognition from the entire community.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin explicitly stated that Partner to Connect surpassed the $100 billion goal, reaching over $120 billion in US dollar commitments to connect the world meaningfully, and invited applause for this shared accomplishment .
The forum brought together more than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries, alongside thousands joining online, marking a historic gathering
Arg. 2The WSIS Forum 2026 was described as a historic event due to its unprecedented scale of participation, both in-person and online. It was part of the broader Geneva Digital Week, which also included the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the AI for Good Global Summit.
More than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries gathered at Palais des Nations for the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance, the AI for Good Global Summit, and the WSIS Forum, with thousands more joining online .
on: Framing of connectivity: whether connectivity alone is sufficient or whether the focus must shift to meaningful use
The forum hosted the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the AI for Good Global Summit as part of Geneva Digital Week
Arg. 3Geneva Digital Week 2026 was notable for hosting the inaugural Global Dialogue on AI Governance alongside the AI for Good Global Summit and the WSIS Forum. This underscored the growing centrality of AI governance in global digital policy discussions.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin noted that participants gathered at Palais Expo for the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance, the AI for Good Global Summit, and the WSIS Forum as part of Geneva Digital Week .
on: AI must be safe, trusted, inclusive, and serve development goals, while the AI divide must be actively closed
on: Emphasis on AI's potential for development versus the risks of the AI divide and accessibility gap
WSIS Prize winners are using digital tools to upskill women and girls and improve health outcomes for mothers and children
Arg. 4The WSIS Prize winners were highlighted as practical examples of digital tools being deployed to address gender inequality and health challenges. Their work demonstrates the tangible impact of digital initiatives on vulnerable populations.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin noted that winners of the 2026 WSIS Prizes are using digital technologies to strengthen media literacy, develop future-ready talent including upskilling women and girls, and improve health outcomes for mothers and children .
on: Closing the gender digital divide is an essential and ongoing priority requiring comprehensive action
WSIS Prize winners are developing future-ready talent, demonstrating the practical impact of digital initiatives on young people
Arg. 5The WSIS Prize winners serve as concrete evidence of how digital initiatives can build capacity and prepare young people for the future. Their projects illustrate the real-world impact of the WSIS Action Lines on youth development.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin highlighted that WSIS Prize winners are developing future-ready talent and upskilling women and girls, among other impactful activities, and congratulated the winners and champions .
on: Youth must be treated as partners, innovators, and leaders in shaping the digital future
Action Line facilitators will present implementation roadmaps to CSTD in 2027, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments
Arg. 6Looking ahead, Action Line facilitators are tasked with developing concrete implementation roadmaps to be presented to the Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD) in 2027. These roadmaps will be directly tied to the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Digital Compact.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin stated that next year, Action Line facilitators will present their implementation roadmaps to CSTD, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments .
on: The next phase of WSIS must move from commitments to practical implementation with measurable outcomes
on: Locus of implementation: country-level practical action versus UN system-level coordination and leadership
The UNGIS Task Force on Strengthening Financial Mechanisms will submit recommendations for digital development in developing countries
Arg. 7The UN Group on the Information Society (UNGIS) Task Force on Strengthening Financial Mechanisms is set to submit recommendations specifically aimed at advancing digital development in developing countries. This reflects the ongoing effort to ensure that financial support reaches those most in need.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin announced that the UNGIS Task Force on Strengthening Financial Mechanisms will submit its recommendations for digital development in developing countries .
The UN system is leading by example, putting all people and the planet at the core of its work as society moves from an information society to an intelligent society
Arg. 8Doreen Bogdan-Martin emphasised that the UN system is demonstrating leadership by centring people and the planet in all its activities. She framed this as a transition from an information society to an intelligent society, reflecting the growing role of AI and advanced technologies.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin stated that the UN system shared how it is leading by example, putting all people and the planet at the core of all that it does as society moves from an information society to an intelligent society .
on: Multi-stakeholder cooperation is essential for digital transformation and cannot be driven by any single actor
on: Locus of implementation: country-level practical action versus UN system-level coordination and leadership
Recognition of Rita Goulous from Tunisia, Yuri Grin from the Russian Federation, and Gary Fowley from Canada, who made key contributions to the WSIS process and have recently passed away
Arg. 9Doreen Bogdan-Martin opened her remarks by paying tribute to three individuals who played pivotal roles in the development of the WSIS community and have recently passed away. Their contributions spanned key WSIS processes, leadership roles within ITU, and the establishment of ITU's first office at the UN in New York.
Rita Goulous from Tunisia was described as 'the man behind the WSIS' ; Yuri Grin from the Russian Federation led important WSIS processes within ITU, including as chair of the council working group on WSIS ; Gary Fowley from Canada was a key ITU staff member who worked on WSIS phase one and two and created ITU's first office at the UN in New York .
on: Tribute to individuals who made foundational contributions to the WSIS process and have recently passed away
WSIS Prizes 2026 saw 18 winners and 72 champions selected from 1,595 submissions across 122 countries, supported by more than 2.2 million public votes
Arg. 1The WSIS Prizes 2026 demonstrated remarkable global engagement, with a large number of submissions and an extensive public voting process. The selection of 18 winners and 72 champions from across 122 countries underscores the breadth and diversity of digital innovation being recognised.
Raafat Hendy stated that this year, 18 winners and 72 champions were selected from 1,595 submissions across 122 countries, supported by more than 2.2 million public votes, and that these projects prove the Action Lines deliver real change to people everywhere .
Digital inclusion remains the central priority; connectivity alone is not enough — people need affordable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely
Arg. 2Raafat Hendy stressed that while connectivity is a prerequisite, it is insufficient on its own to achieve meaningful digital inclusion. People must also have access to affordable services, digital skills, locally relevant content, and a safe online environment.
Hendy identified digital inclusion as the central priority of the forum, noting that people need affordable and reliable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely and meaningfully .
on: Digital inclusion requires more than connectivity — affordability, digital skills, relevant content, and safe access are equally essential
on: Framing of connectivity: whether connectivity alone is sufficient or whether the focus must shift to meaningful use
AI must serve development in health, education, agriculture, and public services, but efforts must also close the AI divide and ensure AI is safe, trusted, and inclusive
Arg. 3Hendy argued that AI holds significant potential for advancing development across multiple sectors, but this potential must be harnessed responsibly. Closing the AI divide and ensuring AI is safe, trusted, and inclusive are essential conditions for AI to genuinely serve development goals.
Hendy stated that AI can support health, education, agriculture, public services, and economic growth, but that work must also be done to close the AI divide, strengthen skills, support local language and data, and ensure AI is safe, trusted, and inclusive .
on: AI must be safe, trusted, inclusive, and serve development goals, while the AI divide must be actively closed
on: Emphasis on AI's potential for development versus the risks of the AI divide and accessibility gap
Ministers warned of a growing AI accessibility gap, calling for blended finance, compute sharing, and investment that reaches underserved communities
Arg. 4At the ministerial roundtable, ministers raised concerns about an emerging AI accessibility gap that risks deepening existing inequalities. They called for concrete measures including blended finance, compute sharing, and targeted investment to ensure underserved communities are not left behind.
Hendy reported that ministers warned of the potential of a growing AI accessibility gap and called for blended finance, compute sharing, and investment that reaches underserved communities, as well as keeping AI people-centred, secure, and accountable .
on: Emphasis on AI's potential for development versus the risks of the AI divide and accessibility gap
Closing the gender digital divide remains essential; women and girls must have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector
Arg. 5Hendy identified closing the gender digital divide as one of the five key priorities emerging from the forum. He emphasised that achieving gender equality in the digital sphere requires a comprehensive approach covering access, skills, finance, safety, and leadership.
Hendy stated that women and girls must have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector, and that this requires considering women and girls at every step .
on: Closing the gender digital divide is an essential and ongoing priority requiring comprehensive action
Youth must be treated as partners, not merely beneficiaries; young people are innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders whose ideas must be reflected in policies and decisions
Arg. 6Hendy argued that youth should be recognised as contributors to the digital future rather than passive recipients of its benefits. Their roles as innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders mean their perspectives must be integrated into policy-making and decision-making processes.
Hendy stated that young people are not just beneficiaries but innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders, and that their ideas must be reflected in policies, platforms, and decisions .
on: Youth must be treated as partners, innovators, and leaders in shaping the digital future
The next phase of WSIS must be practical, helping countries turn digital strategies into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities
Arg. 7Hendy emphasised that the post-WSIS Plus 20 phase must shift from high-level commitments to tangible, on-the-ground implementation. Countries need practical support to translate digital strategies into concrete outcomes for their populations.
Hendy stated that the next phase of WSIS must be practical and must help countries turn digital strategy into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities for people .
on: The next phase of WSIS must move from commitments to practical implementation with measurable outcomes
on: Locus of implementation: country-level practical action versus UN system-level coordination and leadership
Egypt's ambition for the coming decade is a true decade of implementation advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity, especially for the Global South
Arg. 8Hendy articulated Egypt's vision for the next decade as one defined by concrete implementation rather than further deliberation. The priorities identified — digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity — reflect a particular focus on the needs of the Global South.
Hendy stated that Egypt's ambition for the coming decade is to be a true decade of implementation that advances digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity, especially for the Global South .
Digital transformation cannot be shaped by one country, institution, or sector alone; it requires partnership, trust, and shared responsibility
Arg. 9Hendy underscored that the complexity and scale of digital transformation necessitates a multi-stakeholder approach. No single actor — whether a country, institution, or sector — can drive this transformation alone; it requires collective effort, trust, and shared accountability.
Hendy stated that digital transformation cannot be shaped by one country, one institution, or one sector alone, and that it requires partnership, trust, and cooperation, as well as shared responsibility .
on: Multi-stakeholder cooperation is essential for digital transformation and cannot be driven by any single actor
Korea joined the WSIS Forum as a partner for the first time, contributing more actively to its discussions and activities
Arg. 1The Republic of Korea marked a significant milestone at the 2026 WSIS Forum by participating as a partner for the first time. This new status allowed Korea to engage more actively in the forum's discussions and activities.
The Korean representative noted that this year held particular significance for Korea as it joined the WSIS Forum as a partner for the first time, enabling the country to contribute more actively to its discussions and activities .
The transition must move from connectivity to meaningful use, ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all
Arg. 2The Korean representative argued that the digital agenda must evolve beyond simply connecting people to ensuring that connectivity translates into meaningful use. This requires addressing affordability, building digital skills, ensuring accessibility, fostering trust, and guaranteeing equal opportunities.
The Korean representative stated that as the international community looks beyond WSIS Plus 20, it should move from connectivity to meaningful use, ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all .
on: Digital inclusion requires more than connectivity — affordability, digital skills, relevant content, and safe access are equally essential
on: Framing of connectivity: whether connectivity alone is sufficient or whether the focus must shift to meaningful use
Korea remains committed to advancing responsible innovation and inclusive digital development, translating the WSIS vision into practical action
Arg. 3The Korean representative reaffirmed Korea's commitment to working with the international community to advance responsible innovation and inclusive digital development. The emphasis on translating the WSIS vision into practical action reflects Korea's focus on implementation over rhetoric.
The Korean representative stated that Korea remains committed to working with the international community to advance responsible innovation and inclusive digital development, and to translate the WSIS vision into practical action .
on: AI must be safe, trusted, inclusive, and serve development goals, while the AI divide must be actively closed
Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to working with ITU and all member states in promoting universal connectivity, digital inclusion, and resilient digital infrastructure
Arg. 1The Malaysian representative used the closing ceremony to reaffirm Malaysia's dedication to the goals of universal connectivity, digital inclusion, and resilient digital infrastructure. This commitment was framed within the context of Malaysia's broader partnership with ITU and the global community.
The Malaysian representative stated that Malaysia reaffirms its unwavering commitment to working closely with the ITU and all member states in promoting universal connectivity, digital inclusion, trusted digital governance, innovations, and resilient digital infrastructure .
Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to building a digital future that leaves no one behind and no one offline
Arg. 2The Malaysian representative articulated a vision of an inclusive digital future in which no individual or community is excluded from the benefits of digital connectivity. This commitment aligns with the broader WSIS principle of people-centred digital development.
The Malaysian representative stated that together, the international community can build a digital future and leave no one behind and no one offline .
on: Digital inclusion requires more than connectivity — affordability, digital skills, relevant content, and safe access are equally essential
Malaysia commended ITU for bringing together governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations to advance an inclusive and sustainable digital future
Arg. 3The Malaysian representative praised ITU's role in convening a diverse range of stakeholders to advance shared digital goals. This multi-stakeholder approach was seen as essential to achieving an inclusive and sustainable digital future.
The Malaysian representative commended the ITU for its steadfast leadership in bringing together governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations to advance an inclusive, trusted, and sustainable digital future .
on: Multi-stakeholder cooperation is essential for digital transformation and cannot be driven by any single actor
WSIS vision remains people-centred, inclusive, and development-orientated, as reaffirmed throughout the forum
Arg. 1The South African representative affirmed that the core WSIS vision — centred on people, inclusion, and development — remains as relevant as ever. This vision was described as having been reaffirmed throughout the week's discussions.
The South African representative stated that the week had reaffirmed the enduring relevance of WSIS' vision: a people-centred, inclusive, and development-orientated information society .
on: Digital inclusion requires more than connectivity — affordability, digital skills, relevant content, and safe access are equally essential
South Africa reaffirmed its commitment to advancing an inclusive, ambitious, and development-orientated outcome as the next WSIS process approaches
Arg. 2The South African representative, speaking as the outgoing chair of the WSIS Business Forum 2025, expressed full support for Egypt's chairmanship and pledged South Africa's readiness to work together towards an inclusive and development-orientated outcome. This reflects a spirit of continuity and solidarity within the WSIS process.
The South African representative expressed full support for Egypt and stated that South Africa stands ready to work with Egypt to advance an inclusive, ambitious, and development-orientated outcome as the next process approaches .
on: The next phase of WSIS must move from commitments to practical implementation with measurable outcomes
South Africa expressed full support for Egypt's chairmanship and reaffirmed readiness to work together to advance an inclusive and development-orientated outcome
Arg. 3The South African representative formally expressed solidarity with Egypt's leadership of the WSIS Forum 2026 and committed to continued collaboration. This gesture of support underscores the importance of African solidarity and partnership within the WSIS process.
The South African representative thanked Egypt for successfully chairing the WSIS Forum 2026, commended Egypt's leadership especially for the African continent, and stated that South Africa stands ready to work with Egypt to advance an inclusive, ambitious, and development-orientated outcome .
on: Multi-stakeholder cooperation is essential for digital transformation and cannot be driven by any single actor
Tribute paid to Mr. Radha Gaurav, a key architect of the WSIS process, whose commitment to consensus and putting people first continues to guide the younger generation
Arg. 4The South African representative paid tribute to Mr. Radha Gaurav, recognising his foundational role in shaping the WSIS process. His legacy of prioritising consensus and people-centred approaches was described as continuing to inspire the next generation of WSIS practitioners.
The South African representative paid tribute to Mr. Radha Gaurav, described as a key architect of the WSIS process since the PP Minneapolis, noting that his commitment to consensus and putting people first continues to guide the younger generation now carrying the mandate forward .
on: Tribute to individuals who made foundational contributions to the WSIS process and have recently passed away
The WSIS Forum 2026 closing ceremony began one minute ahead of schedule, marking a record achievement for the forum
Arg. 1Gitanjali Sah opened the closing ceremony by noting that it was beginning one minute in advance, which she described as a record time for the WSIS Forum. She contrasted this with the forum's usual tendency to run over time, framing it as a notable achievement.
Gitanjali Sah stated that the closing ceremony was beginning one minute in advance, describing it as a record time at the WSIS Forum 2026, and noted that the forum usually overflows its scheduled time .
The WSIS Forum 2026 was co-organised by ITU alongside UNDP, UNESCO, and UNCTAD, reflecting a broad multi-agency partnership
Arg. 2Gitanjali Sah acknowledged the co-organisers of the WSIS Forum 2026, namely UNDP, UNESCO, and UNCTAD, alongside the ITU. This recognition underscores the multi-agency nature of the forum and the collaborative effort required to bring it together.
Gitanjali Sah explicitly acknowledged UNDP, UNESCO, and UNCTAD as co-organisers of the WSIS Forum 2026 and thanked them for their presence , and reiterated this acknowledgement during the closing remarks .
on: Multi-stakeholder cooperation is essential for digital transformation and cannot be driven by any single actor
Sponsors and partners, including Malaysia as platinum partner, Saudi Arabia, Japan, and Nigeria, played a vital role in making the WSIS Forum 2026 possible
Arg. 3Gitanjali Sah took the opportunity during the closing ceremony to thank the forum's sponsors and partners by name, highlighting their contributions to the event's success. She specifically acknowledged Malaysia's dedication as a five-day platinum partner and welcomed Nigeria as a new silver partner.
Gitanjali Sah thanked DG Mesmar and Malaysia for their five-day dedication and contribution as platinum partner, acknowledged Saudi Arabia and Japan as strategic partners, and welcomed Nigeria as a new silver partner for the year .
A new 'emerald partnership' category could be introduced to attract additional sponsors to the WSIS Forum
Arg. 4Gitanjali Sah mentioned that some partners had suggested the idea of creating a new emerald partnership tier, and she floated this idea publicly during the closing ceremony. She invited interested parties to contact the Secretary General to explore this possibility.
Gitanjali Sah noted that some partners had given her the idea to start an emerald partnership and invited any interested parties to contact the Secretary General to assist in the process .
The ITU team, including key staff members, deserves recognition for making the WSIS Forum 2026 a success
Arg. 5Gitanjali Sah expressed her appreciation for the WSIS Forum and the community it serves, affirming the dedication of the ITU team in delivering the event. Her remarks reflected a sense of collective pride and commitment to the forum's mission.
Gitanjali Sah stated that she and the team love doing the WSIS Forum and that the community shares this sentiment, and she thanked the Secretary General for her remarks . She also thanked the co-host Ambassador Schneider, the co-organisers UNDP, UNESCO, and UNCTAD, and invited the WSIS team members including Sulina, Vladi-Tala, and Ruth for a group photograph .
Session Knowledge Graph
Speakers · Topics · Arguments · Relationships
Raafat Hendy explicitly stated that connectivity is essential but not enough, and that people need affordable and reliable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely and meaningfully . The Korean representative echoed this by calling for a move from connectivity to meaningful use, ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all . The Malaysian representative affirmed the goal of leaving no one behind and no one offline , while the South African representative reaffirmed the enduring relevance of WSIS' people-centred, inclusive, and development-orientated vision .
Digital inclusion remains the central priority; connectivity alone is not enough — people need affordable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely
The transition must move from connectivity to meaningful use, ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all
Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to building a digital future that leaves no one behind and no one offline
WSIS vision remains people-centred, inclusive, and development-orientated, as reaffirmed throughout the forum
Doreen Bogdan-Martin outlined concrete steps for implementation, noting that Action Line facilitators will present roadmaps to CSTD linking to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments . Raafat Hendy stressed that the next phase of WSIS must be practical, helping countries turn digital strategies into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities . The Korean representative reaffirmed Korea's commitment to translating the WSIS vision into practical action , and the South African representative pledged readiness to work towards an inclusive and development-orientated outcome .
Action Line facilitators will present implementation roadmaps to CSTD in 2027, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments
The next phase of WSIS must be practical, helping countries turn digital strategies into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities
Korea remains committed to advancing responsible innovation and inclusive digital development, translating the WSIS vision into practical action
South Africa reaffirmed its commitment to advancing an inclusive, ambitious, and development-orientated outcome as the next WSIS process approaches
Raafat Hendy stated that digital transformation cannot be shaped by one country, one institution, or one sector alone, requiring partnership, trust, and shared responsibility . Doreen Bogdan-Martin highlighted the UN system's collective leadership . The Malaysian representative commended ITU for bringing together governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations . The South African representative expressed solidarity with Egypt's leadership and readiness to collaborate . Gitanjali Sah acknowledged the co-organisers UNDP, UNESCO, and UNCTAD as integral to the forum's success .
The UN system is leading by example, putting all people and the planet at the core of its work as society moves from an information society to an intelligent society
Digital transformation cannot be shaped by one country, institution, or sector alone; it requires partnership, trust, and shared responsibility
Malaysia commended ITU for bringing together governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations to advance an inclusive and sustainable digital future
South Africa expressed full support for Egypt's chairmanship and reaffirmed readiness to work together to advance an inclusive and development-orientated outcome
The WSIS Forum 2026 was co-organised by ITU alongside UNDP, UNESCO, and UNCTAD, reflecting a broad multi-agency partnership
Doreen Bogdan-Martin highlighted the historic significance of the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance held during Geneva Digital Week . Raafat Hendy argued that AI can support health, education, agriculture, public services, and economic growth, but that work must also close the AI divide, strengthen skills, support local language and data, and ensure AI is safe, trusted, and inclusive . The Korean representative reaffirmed Korea's commitment to responsible innovation and inclusive digital development .
The forum hosted the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the AI for Good Global Summit as part of Geneva Digital Week
AI must serve development in health, education, agriculture, and public services, but efforts must also close the AI divide and ensure AI is safe, trusted, and inclusive
Korea remains committed to advancing responsible innovation and inclusive digital development, translating the WSIS vision into practical action
Doreen Bogdan-Martin noted that WSIS Prize winners are using digital technologies to upskill women and girls and improve health outcomes for mothers and children . Raafat Hendy identified closing the gender digital divide as one of the five key priorities of the forum, stating that women and girls must have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector, and that this requires considering women and girls at every step .
WSIS Prize winners are using digital tools to upskill women and girls and improve health outcomes for mothers and children
Closing the gender digital divide remains essential; women and girls must have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector
Doreen Bogdan-Martin highlighted that WSIS Prize winners are developing future-ready talent and upskilling women and girls . Raafat Hendy explicitly argued that young people are not just beneficiaries but innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders, and that their ideas must be reflected in policies, platforms, and decisions .
WSIS Prize winners are developing future-ready talent, demonstrating the practical impact of digital initiatives on young people
Youth must be treated as partners, not merely beneficiaries; young people are innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders whose ideas must be reflected in policies and decisions
Doreen Bogdan-Martin paid tribute to Rita Goulous from Tunisia, described as 'the man behind the WSIS' , Yuri Grin from the Russian Federation who led important WSIS processes within ITU , and Gary Fowley from Canada, a key ITU staff member who worked on both phases of WSIS . The South African representative similarly paid tribute to Mr. Radha Gaurav, described as a key architect of the WSIS process, noting that his commitment to consensus and putting people first continues to guide the younger generation .
Recognition of Rita Goulous from Tunisia, Yuri Grin from the Russian Federation, and Gary Fowley from Canada, who made key contributions to the WSIS process and have recently passed away
Tribute paid to Mr. Radha Gaurav, a key architect of the WSIS process, whose commitment to consensus and putting people first continues to guide the younger generation
Both Doreen Bogdan-Martin and Raafat Hendy celebrated the concrete achievements of the WSIS Forum 2026 as evidence of real-world impact. Bogdan-Martin highlighted that Partner to Connect surpassed the $100 billion goal, reaching over $120 billion in US dollar commitments , while Hendy emphasised that 18 winners and 72 champions were selected from 1,595 submissions across 122 countries, supported by more than 2.2 million public votes, proving that Action Lines deliver real change to people everywhere . Both framed these achievements as demonstrations that the WSIS process produces tangible results. All three speakers emphasised the historic scale and diversity of participation at the WSIS Forum 2026 as a reflection of the strength of the multi-stakeholder model. Bogdan-Martin noted more than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries , Hendy stated that the forum brought together governments, regulators, UN agencies, the private sector, civil society, academia, the technical community, youth, and many other partners, describing this diversity as a strength , and the Malaysian representative commended ITU for its steadfast leadership in bringing together this diverse range of stakeholders . Both Raafat Hendy and the Korean representative articulated a forward-looking commitment to translating WSIS aspirations into concrete action. Hendy framed Egypt's ambition as a true decade of implementation advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity, especially for the Global South , while the Korean representative reaffirmed Korea's commitment to advancing responsible innovation and inclusive digital development and translating the WSIS vision into practical action . Both emphasised implementation over further deliberation. All three speakers expressed a particular concern for ensuring that the benefits of digital development reach developing countries and the Global South. Bogdan-Martin announced that the UNGIS Task Force on Strengthening Financial Mechanisms will submit recommendations for digital development in developing countries . Hendy articulated Egypt's ambition for a decade of implementation advancing shared prosperity especially for the Global South . The South African representative reaffirmed commitment to an inclusive and development-orientated outcome . All four speakers converged on the importance of moving beyond declarations to concrete implementation. Bogdan-Martin outlined the roadmap for Action Line facilitators to present implementation plans to CSTD in 2027 . Hendy called for the next phase of WSIS to be practical, turning digital strategies into real services, skills, jobs, and opportunities . The Malaysian representative reaffirmed commitment to working with ITU and member states on universal connectivity and digital inclusion . The Korean representative pledged to translate the WSIS vision into practical action .
While it might be expected that a technology-focused forum would celebrate technological deployment as its primary metric of success, both Bogdan-Martin and Hendy converged on a people-centred measurement framework. Bogdan-Martin emphasised that the UN system is putting all people and the planet at the core of all that it does as society moves from an information society to an intelligent society . Hendy went further, explicitly stating that success should be measured not by technology deployed, but by lives improved , and that the forum's strong message was the need for better management of impact, asking what difference activities make in people's lives . This consensus on human-centred metrics over technological metrics was a notably strong and consistent theme.
The specific identification of digital finance as a tool for inclusion was an unexpected area of consensus. Hendy explicitly identified digital finance as a powerful tool for inclusion that can help individuals, small businesses, women, youth, and underserved communities access services and economic opportunities, while noting it requires trust, digital literacy, strong infrastructure, and appropriate regulation . The Malaysian representative's commitment to leaving no one behind and no one offline implicitly encompassed financial inclusion. This specific focus on digital finance as an inclusion mechanism, rather than merely a commercial tool, represented an unexpected convergence.
Both Bogdan-Martin and Hendy converged on the critical importance of data and measurement as enablers of progress, which is somewhat unexpected in a closing ceremony typically focused on celebration. Bogdan-Martin stated that the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development will deliver their review to CSTD in 2027, and explicitly noted that 'it is all about data, and if we can't measure it, it's difficult to move it' . Hendy similarly emphasised that the WSIS Action Line facilitators developed measurable indicators with outcomes to be reported to CSTD in 2027 , and that success should be measured not by technology deployed but by lives improved . This shared emphasis on evidence-based accountability was a notable point of consensus.
An unexpected point of consensus emerged around the principle that digital systems need not be identical but must be interoperable and respectful of national circumstances. Hendy explicitly noted that 'we do not need identical systems, but interoperable ones that respect national circumstances' , a nuanced position that acknowledges sovereignty while affirming the need for global connectivity. The Korean representative's emphasis on responsible innovation and inclusive digital development implicitly supports this principle of respecting diverse national contexts while pursuing shared goals. This consensus is unexpected because it navigates the tension between global standardisation and national sovereignty in a balanced way.
The WSIS Forum 2026 closing ceremony revealed a remarkably high level of consensus across all speakers on the core themes of digital inclusion, multi-stakeholder cooperation, the imperative to move from commitments to implementation, responsible AI governance, closing the gender digital divide, and the centrality of people-centred metrics of success. All speakers - Doreen Bogdan-Martin , Raafat Hendy , the Malaysian representative , the Korean representative , the South African representative , and Gitanjali Sah - affirmed the enduring relevance of the WSIS framework and the need for practical action. There was also unexpected consensus on the importance of data and measurement , the role of digital finance as an inclusion tool , and the principle of interoperability over uniformity . Tributes to departed WSIS contributors were paid by both Bogdan-Martin and the South African representative , reflecting a shared sense of institutional memory and continuity.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin celebrated the scale of participation and the Partner to Connect initiative surpassing $120 billion in commitments , framing connectivity investment as a historic shared accomplishment deserving applause . By contrast, Raafat Hendy explicitly stated that 'connectivity is essential, but it is not enough' , arguing that people also need affordable and reliable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely and meaningfully . The Republic of Korea Representative similarly argued that the agenda must move 'from connectivity to meaningful use', ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all . This reflects a subtle but meaningful difference in emphasis: Bogdan-Martin's remarks foregrounded the achievement of financial commitments to connect the world, while Hendy and the Korean representative stressed that connectivity is merely a prerequisite, not an end in itself.
The forum brought together more than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries, alongside thousands joining online, marking a historic gathering
Digital inclusion remains the central priority; connectivity alone is not enough — people need affordable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely
The transition must move from connectivity to meaningful use, ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all
Doreen Bogdan-Martin highlighted the historic nature of the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the AI for Good Global Summit , framing AI governance discussions in a broadly positive and forward-looking light. Raafat Hendy, while acknowledging AI's potential to support health, education, agriculture, public services, and economic growth , placed considerably greater emphasis on the risks: the need to close the AI divide, strengthen skills, support local language and data, and ensure AI is safe, trusted, and inclusive . He further reported that ministers warned of a 'growing AI accessibility gap' and called for blended finance, compute sharing, and investment reaching underserved communities . This reflects a difference in tone and framing: Bogdan-Martin's remarks were more celebratory of AI governance milestones, while Hendy's summary foregrounded the dangers of exclusion and the urgency of remedial action.
The forum hosted the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the AI for Good Global Summit as part of Geneva Digital Week
AI must serve development in health, education, agriculture, and public services, but efforts must also close the AI divide and ensure AI is safe, trusted, and inclusive
Ministers warned of a growing AI accessibility gap, calling for blended finance, compute sharing, and investment that reaches underserved communities
Raafat Hendy emphasised that the next phase of WSIS must be practical and must help countries turn digital strategy into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities for people , placing the burden of implementation at the national and country level. Doreen Bogdan-Martin, by contrast, highlighted the UN system's role in leading by example and outlined a series of UN-level mechanisms - Action Line facilitators presenting roadmaps to CSTD , the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development delivering a review , and the UNGIS Task Force submitting recommendations - as the primary vehicles for implementation. This reflects a difference in where the primary responsibility for implementation is seen to lie: Hendy's framing was country-centric and practical, while Bogdan-Martin's was more system-centric and process-oriented.
The next phase of WSIS must be practical, helping countries turn digital strategies into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities
The UN system is leading by example, putting all people and the planet at the core of its work as society moves from an information society to an intelligent society
Action Line facilitators will present implementation roadmaps to CSTD in 2027, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments
In a closing ceremony where broad consensus is expected, it was somewhat unexpected that Bogdan-Martin and Hendy offered subtly divergent criteria for measuring success. Bogdan-Martin celebrated the Partner to Connect initiative surpassing $120 billion in commitments as a historic milestone deserving applause , implying that financial commitments are a meaningful measure of progress. Hendy, however, stated that 'success should be measured not by technology deployed, but by lives improved' and called for 'better management of impact', asking 'what difference our activities make in people's lives, especially in developing countries and the communities most at risk' . This implicit tension - between measuring success by financial inputs and commitments versus by human outcomes - was unexpected in a ceremony designed to celebrate shared achievements, and reflects a deeper debate about accountability and impact measurement in the WSIS process.
While neither speaker explicitly contradicted the other on youth, there is an unexpected framing difference. Bogdan-Martin highlighted WSIS Prize winners as developing 'future-ready talent' , which implicitly positions young people as recipients of capacity-building efforts. Hendy, by contrast, explicitly argued that 'young people are not just beneficiaries' but 'innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders' whose ideas 'must be reflected in our policies, platforms, and decisions' . In a forum that prides itself on multi-stakeholder inclusion, the difference between framing youth as talent to be developed versus as agents shaping policy is a meaningful, if subtle, disagreement that was not expected to surface in closing remarks.
Raafat Hendy made a notable statement that 'we do not need identical systems, but interoperable ones that respect national circumstances' , which implicitly pushes back against any tendency towards harmonisation or standardisation of digital governance systems. This was an unexpected point of nuance in a closing ceremony, as it signals a preference for national sovereignty and contextual flexibility over uniform global standards. While no other speaker explicitly contradicted this, Bogdan-Martin's emphasis on the UN system leading by example and the development of shared Action Line roadmaps could be read as implying a more harmonised approach. The tension between interoperability-with-national-sovereignty and system-wide coherence is an unexpected fault line to emerge in closing remarks.
The WSIS Forum 2026 closing ceremony was characterised by broad consensus on overarching goals - digital inclusion, responsible AI, multi-stakeholder cooperation, and the need to move from commitments to implementation. However, beneath this surface consensus, several meaningful differences in emphasis and framing emerged. The most substantive differences concerned: (1) whether connectivity investment or meaningful use should be the primary metric of progress ; (2) whether AI governance should be framed primarily as an opportunity or as a risk requiring urgent remediation ; (3) whether implementation should be driven primarily at the UN system level or at the country level ; and (4) whether success should be measured by financial commitments or by human outcomes . Tribute was paid to departed WSIS contributors by both Bogdan-Martin and the South Africa Representative , reflecting shared values but also highlighting different individuals, suggesting different networks of memory and recognition within the WSIS community.
All speakers agreed that multi-stakeholder cooperation is essential to digital transformation and that no single actor can drive it alone. Raafat Hendy stated explicitly that 'digital transformation cannot be shaped by one country, one institution, or one sector alone' and that it requires 'partnership, trust, and cooperation' as well as 'shared responsibility' . The Malaysian representative commended ITU for bringing together governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations . The Korean representative reaffirmed Korea's commitment to working with the international community . South Africa expressed readiness to work with Egypt to advance an inclusive outcome . However, speakers differed in how they envisioned this cooperation being operationalised: Bogdan-Martin focused on UN system-level mechanisms , Hendy on country-level practical delivery , and the Malaysian and Korean representatives on bilateral and multilateral partnership with ITU .
Digital transformation cannot be shaped by one country, institution, or sector alone; it requires partnership, trust, and shared responsibility Malaysia commended ITU for bringing together governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations to advance an inclusive and sustainable digital future Korea remains committed to advancing responsible innovation and inclusive digital development, translating the WSIS vision into practical action South Africa reaffirmed its commitment to advancing an inclusive, ambitious, and development-orientated outcome as the next WSIS process approaches The UN system is leading by example, putting all people and the planet at the core of its work as society moves from an information society to an intelligent society
All speakers agreed on the goal of digital inclusion and leaving no one behind, but differed in emphasis on what this requires. Hendy identified five specific priorities including digital inclusion, AI governance, digital finance, youth engagement, and gender equality . The Korean representative focused on the transition from connectivity to meaningful use . South Africa emphasised the enduring relevance of the people-centred WSIS vision . Malaysia framed inclusion as ensuring 'no one behind and no one offline' . While the goal is shared, the pathways and priorities differ: Hendy's framework is comprehensive and multi-dimensional, Korea's is focused on the quality of connectivity, South Africa's is vision-oriented, and Malaysia's is connectivity-focused.
Digital inclusion remains the central priority; connectivity alone is not enough — people need affordable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely The transition must move from connectivity to meaningful use, ensuring affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities for all WSIS vision remains people-centred, inclusive, and development-orientated, as reaffirmed throughout the forum Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to building a digital future that leaves no one behind and no one offline
All three speakers agreed that the WSIS process must move from commitments to implementation, but differed on the mechanisms and focus. Bogdan-Martin outlined specific UN-level processes: Action Line facilitators presenting roadmaps to CSTD , the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development delivering a review , and the UNGIS Task Force submitting recommendations . Hendy framed implementation as a 'decade of implementation' advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity especially for the Global South , with a country-level practical focus . The Korean representative emphasised translating the WSIS vision into practical action without specifying mechanisms. The shared goal of implementation is clear, but the institutional locus and specific mechanisms differ.
Action Line facilitators will present implementation roadmaps to CSTD in 2027, linking directly to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments Egypt's ambition for the coming decade is a true decade of implementation advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity, especially for the Global South Korea remains committed to advancing responsible innovation and inclusive digital development, translating the WSIS vision into practical action The next phase of WSIS must be practical, helping countries turn digital strategies into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities
Both Hendy and Bogdan-Martin agreed on the importance of addressing the gender digital divide, but approached it differently. Bogdan-Martin highlighted the WSIS Prize winners as practical examples of digital tools being used to upskill women and girls and improve health outcomes for mothers and children , framing gender inclusion through the lens of project-level achievement. Hendy, by contrast, identified closing the gender digital divide as one of five systemic priorities of the forum , arguing that women and girls must have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector, and that this requires 'considering women and girls at every step' . Bogdan-Martin's framing was celebratory and example-driven, while Hendy's was structural and policy-oriented.
Closing the gender digital divide remains essential; women and girls must have equal access to connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector WSIS Prize winners are using digital tools to upskill women and girls and improve health outcomes for mothers and children
- The WSIS Forum 2026 was a historic gathering, bringing together more than 12,000 physical participants from over 170 countries, alongside thousands joining online, as part of Geneva Digital Week.
- The Partner to Connect initiative surpassed its $100 billion goal, reaching over $120 billion in commitments to connect the world meaningfully, marking a significant collective achievement.
- WSIS Prizes 2026 saw 18 winners and 72 champions selected from 1,595 submissions across 122 countries, supported by more than 2.2 million public votes, demonstrating the practical impact of digital initiatives.
- Digital inclusion remains the central priority of WSIS; connectivity alone is insufficient — people need affordable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely and meaningfully.
- Artificial intelligence must serve development across health, education, agriculture, and public services, but the growing AI accessibility gap must be addressed through blended finance, compute sharing, and targeted investment in underserved communities.
- Closing the gender digital divide is essential; women and girls must have equal access to connectivity, digital skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities in the technology sector.
- Youth must be treated as partners, innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders — not merely beneficiaries — and their ideas must be reflected in policies, platforms, and decisions.
- The forum hosted the first-ever Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the AI for Good Global Summit, reflecting the growing centrality of AI governance in global digital discussions.
- The next phase of WSIS must be practical, helping countries translate digital strategies into real services, real skills, real jobs, and real opportunities, particularly for the Global South.
- Multi-stakeholder cooperation — encompassing governments, industry, academia, civil society, and international organisations — is indispensable for shaping inclusive digital transformation.
- The UN system is leading by example, putting people and the planet at the core of its work as society transitions from an information society to an intelligent society.
- Korea joined the WSIS Forum as a partner for the first time, contributing more actively to discussions and reaffirming its commitment to responsible innovation and inclusive digital development.
- Malaysia reaffirmed its commitment to universal connectivity, digital inclusion, trusted digital governance, and resilient digital infrastructure, pledging to leave no one behind and no one offline.
- South Africa reaffirmed its commitment to advancing an inclusive, ambitious, and development-orientated WSIS outcome and expressed full support for Egypt's chairmanship.
- Tributes were paid to recently deceased WSIS contributors: Rita Goulous (Tunisia), Yuri Grin (Russian Federation), Gary Fowley (Canada), and Mr. Radha Gaurav, whose legacies continue to guide the WSIS community.
- Success in the digital era should be measured not by technology deployed, but by lives improved, particularly in developing countries and the most at-risk communities.
- Egypt's ambition for the coming decade is a true decade of implementation, advancing digital inclusion, responsible AI, digital trust, and shared prosperity, especially for the Global South.
“We are moving from an information society to an intelligent society.”
“Success should be measured not by technology deployed, but by lives improved.”
“Partner to Connect surpassing our $100 billion goal, reaching over $120 billion in commitments to connect the world meaningfully.”
“Digital inclusion remains our central priority. Connectivity is essential, but it is not enough. People need affordable and reliable access, digital skills, relevant content, and the ability to use technology safely and meaningfully.”
“Youth must be treated as partners in building the digital future. Young people are not just beneficiaries — they are innovators, entrepreneurs, and leaders. Their ideas must be reflected in our policies, platforms, and decisions.”
“Allow me to also pay tribute to Mr. Radha Gaurav... a key architect of the WSIS process since PP Minneapolis. His commitment to consensus and to putting people first continues to guide the younger generation now carrying this mandate forward.”
“We do not need identical systems, but interoperable ones that respect national circumstances.”
How can the AI accessibility gap be effectively closed, particularly for underserved communities in developing countries?
The Chair explicitly warned of a growing AI accessibility gap and called for blended finance, compute sharing, and targeted investment. This raises the question of what specific mechanisms and policies can be developed to ensure AI benefits reach the most marginalised communities, warranting further research and follow-up action.
How should the impact of WSIS activities be better measured, particularly in terms of real differences made in people's lives in developing countries?
The Chair stressed the need for better management of impact and questioned what difference activities make in people's lives, especially in developing countries and at-risk communities. This implies a need for further research into appropriate metrics and evaluation frameworks beyond technology deployment figures.
How will Action Line facilitators develop and present their implementation roadmaps to CSTD by 2027, and how will these link to SDG targets and Global Digital Compact commitments?
The Secretary General outlined a clear timeline for Action Line facilitators to present roadmaps to CSTD in 2027. The specifics of how these roadmaps will be constructed, monitored, and linked to existing global frameworks remain an open area requiring further development and research.
What recommendations will the UNGIS Task Force on Strengthening Financial Mechanisms produce for digital development in developing countries, and how will they be implemented?
The Secretary General noted that the UNGIS Task Force will submit recommendations for digital development in developing countries, but the content, scope, and implementation pathway of these recommendations remain to be determined, making this a significant area for further research and follow-up.
How will the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development review its frameworks by 2027, and what new data gaps need to be addressed?
The Secretary General emphasised that data measurement is critical ('if we can't measure it, it's difficult to move it') and noted that the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development will deliver a review to CSTD in 2027. This raises questions about current data gaps and what new measurement approaches are needed.
How can digital finance be made more accessible and trustworthy for women, youth, small businesses, and underserved communities, while ensuring appropriate regulation?
The Chair identified digital finance as a powerful tool for inclusion but noted it requires trust, digital literacy, strong infrastructure, and appropriate regulation. The specific policy and regulatory frameworks needed to achieve this balance remain an open area for further research.
How can AI be kept people-centred, secure, and accountable across different national contexts while maintaining interoperability rather than identical systems?
The Chair highlighted that countries do not need identical AI systems but interoperable ones that respect national circumstances, while keeping AI people-centred, secure, and accountable. The mechanisms for achieving this balance across diverse regulatory environments require further investigation.
How can the gender digital divide be systematically addressed at every step of digital policy and infrastructure development?
The Chair identified closing the gender digital divide as essential, covering connectivity, skills, digital finance, safe online spaces, and leadership opportunities. The specific policy interventions and accountability mechanisms needed to embed gender considerations at every step remain an area requiring further research.
How can youth be more meaningfully integrated as partners, innovators, and leaders in shaping digital policy and platforms?
The Chair emphasised that young people must be treated as partners rather than merely beneficiaries, with their ideas reflected in policies and decisions. The practical mechanisms for achieving this meaningful participation in formal processes remain an open question for further exploration.
How can the transition from an information society to an intelligent society be managed in a way that keeps all people and the planet at the centre?
The Secretary General referenced the shift from an information society to an intelligent society as a key framing for the UN system's work. The governance, ethical, and developmental implications of this transition, and how to manage it equitably, represent a significant area for further research.
What specific measures are needed to protect submarine cable infrastructure, following the release of the International Advisory Body's final report?
The Secretary General announced the release of the final report from the International Advisory Body on submarine cable resilience. The implementation of its recommendations and the adequacy of proposed measures for protecting this critical infrastructure warrant further investigation and follow-up.
How can the WSIS Forum move from connectivity as a goal to ensuring meaningful use, including affordability, digital skills, accessibility, trust, and equal opportunities?
The Korean representative explicitly called for a shift beyond WSIS Plus 20 from connectivity to meaningful use. The specific policies, investments, and partnerships needed to operationalise this shift represent an important area for further research and action.
How can the $120 billion in Partner to Connect commitments be effectively tracked and translated into real connectivity outcomes, particularly for the most underserved populations?
The Secretary General highlighted that Partner to Connect surpassed its $100 billion goal, reaching $120 billion in commitments. However, the mechanisms for monitoring, accountability, and ensuring these commitments translate into tangible connectivity improvements remain an open and important area for further research.
